Agroforestry System: An Effort To Critical Land Rehabilitation At Sulung Area PT. Citra Borneo Indah Central Kalimantan
AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM: AN EFFORT TO CRITICAL LAND REHABILITATION AT
SULUNG AREA PT. CITRA BORNEO INDAH CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
By:
- 1
2
3
3 Abdul Rauf , Rahmawaty , Rimbun Situmorang , and Dwi Hartanto
1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sumatera Utara University
Email: a_rauf_soil@yahoo.co.id
2 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sumatera Utara University
Email:
3 PT. Citra Borneo Indah, Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Summary: A land area of approximately 118.52 ha of PT. Citra Borneo Indah (CBI) located
in Sulung Area, Arut Selatan, Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan Province is a very critical area with a thickness of 0-15 cm soil solum (very shallow), rocky, flat to wavy, and the expanse of impermeable layer in some places the surface . Land with this condition can not be cultivated for oil palm cultivation which is the main commodity of PT. CBI. In 2006, this critical area began empowered by the application of agroforestry systems based on cattle/forage grass, fruit trees, and forests. In Agroforestry systems can be classified into Agrosilvopastural type. Based on observations in February 2013 note that 49.48 ha (41.75%) of the degraded grazing land has become (grazzing/ pasture/runch) with the type of grass were Bracharia decomben, Tully Grass, Paspalum dilatatum, Buffel Grass, and Star
Grass. On a land area of 35.30 ha (29.78%) is land with orchard grass for cut grass (species
Taiwan Grass, King Grass, Elepant Grass, Panikum maximum and Setaria. Forest conservation and captive deer are in an area of 24.89 ha (21%). The remaining area of 8.85 ha (7.47%) in the form of land plant fruit trees (Durian, Rambutan, Orange, Longan, and Mango).
Keywords: Critical land, Agroforestry, Agrosilvopastural
INTRODUCTION
Currently, critical areas such as any form have become a resource that should be empowered to fulfill the necessities of life, food, clothing, shelter, and energy. Degraded land caused by land degradation and soil erosion resulting in lower layers of soil and even rock surface slopes to the steep hills were commonly cultivated, both with high agro technology (capital-intensive), and the simple Agro technology (Rauf, 2011). Cultivation on degraded lands can be done through several ways, namely: big hole, hole in hole, vertical mulch, ponds, rorak, swales, and terassering (Arsyad, 2000). Thus, critical land gradually increase the value of economic, social and environmental Degraded land due to inundation, tidal land, wetlands, and other types of wetlands that had been abandoned, already reclaimed to agriculture, such as: surjan system, ponds, Silvofishery. Even for garden or recreation (water-based) such as: dams, fishing land, area of natural habitat for fish and birds and others. Likewise with critical land in the concession area of PT. Citra Borneo Indah (CBI) covering an area of approximately 118.52 acres located in Sulung Area, Arut Selatan, Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan Province, since 2006 has been developed for the application of agroforestry systems based on cattle/forage grass, fruit trees, and forests.
Corresponding author
Land is very critical (0-15 cm soil solum thickness/very shallow), rocky, flat to wavy, and the expanse of impermeable layer in some places the surface is now used for the cultivation of forage grass crops in combination with fruits and forests as well as maintaining an integrated cattle. In Agroforestry systems can be classified into Agrosilvopastural type (Chundawat and Gautam, 1993; Michon et al.,1989). Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the extent of degraded land in the concession area of PT. Citra Borneo Indah (CBI) that can be empowered to agro-based economic activities with a major component of grass and cattle (type agrosilvopastural), plant / fruit trees and forest trees.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Land rehabilitation studies based on agroforestry system was done in PT. Citra Borneo Indah (CBI) in March 2013. The study was conducted using descriptive methods, field surveys and interviews with managers of the farm division of PT. Citra Borneo Indah. Some of the activities that have been undertaken, namely: the collection of secondary data (related to cattle, fodder grass, cultivation, and distribution) and primary data (observation forage grass, fruit trees, forest trees, livestock, pasture, and soil conditions).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Critical land in the concession area of PT. Citra Borneo Indah (CBI) with area of 118.52 hectares was distributed based on typology of various of land uses, as presented in Table 1. Table 1: Types of critical land use in PT. Citra Borneo Indah (CBI) based on typology of land
Area Component
No. Typology of Land Types of use Ha %
1 Flat to wavy, solum: 49.48 41.75 grazzing/pasture/ Bracharia decomben, shallow to very runch Tully Grass, shallow, rocky coral-
Paspalum dilatatum,
gravel Buffel Grass, and Star Grass
2 Flat to wavy, solum:
35.30
29.78 Gardens Grass Taiwan Grass, King moderate deep, Grass, Elepant grass, gravel
Panikum maximum,
and Setaria
3 Wavy to slope, there
24.89
21.00 Forest tropical forest and is the river channel, conservation captive deer solum: moderate deep
4 Wavy to slope, banks
8.85
7.47 Fruits Garden Durian, Rambutan, of the Orange, Longan, swamp/reservoirs, Mango and grass solum: moderate under the stand deep
- Total 118.52 100.00 Sources: Observations and interviews (2013) Based on Table 1, on the land area approximately 49.48 hectares with Flat to wavy, solum: shallow to very shallow, rocky coral-gravel (even without solum), planted with grass for grazing pastures with rotation such that the land does not get damaged and recovery occurs tillers/shoots grass. If the block is not used for grazing (rested), the fertilization with manure
The births of cattle average per year for two years (2011-2012) is 168.5 (Table 2). This provides economic benefits. While the births of cattle per month in 2011 and 2012 in PT.Citra Borneo Indah presented in Figures 1 and 2. Table 2: The total of cattle births per month in the last two years in PT.CBI
Month 2011 2012 bull heifer Total bull heifer Total Total
88 71 159 107 71 178 Average
7.33
5.92
13.25
8.92
5.92
14.84 Source: Archives Management of Livestock Division PT. CBI (2013)
16
14
12
10
8
6 bull
4 heifer
2 Figure 1: The births of cattle per month in 2011 in PT.Citra Borneo Indah
18
16
14
12
10
8 bull
6
4 heifer
2 Figure 2: The births of cattle per month in 2012 in PT. Citra Borneo Indah
Based on Table 2, it can be seen that the births of cattle average per month in 2011 is 13.25 and in 2012 increased to 14.84. in terms of the increasing of cattle, bulls are generally better than the heifer that is 1.24 times more in 2011 and 1.51 times more in 2012. The bulls will be more profitable because the price is more expensive than the heifer.
In terms of land management can be seen that there are linkages between the upstream region (in the form of forest conservation as a backup) and a water source and in the middle (in the form of pasture and grazing), while downstream of the form of cultivation of horticulture crops (fruits) that transect of land use these can be categorized into agroforestry systems with land distribution sequentially. In terms of its constituent components, agroforestry systems are categorized as Agrosilvopastural (the combination of agricultural commodities (in this case fruit trees) and trees (vegetation) of forest and pasture and livestock (cattle). This study is in agreement with Lal (1995) and Nair (1989).
CONCLUSIONS
Critical land in the concession area of PT. Citra Borneo Indah (CBI) rehabilitated by applying the concept of agroforestry with agrosilvopastural type. Of 118.52 hectares of critical land in the area PT.CBI, approximately 24.89 acres in the upper reaches are used for conservation and captive deer, the middle area of 60.19 hectares are used for pasture and forage grass cultivation, while in the downstream area of 8.85 hectares used for the cultivation of fruit trees.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are grateful to the Management of PT. Citra Borneo Indah (especially to Mr. Rimbun Situmorang, Mr. Budi Setiawan, Mr. Ramzi Sastra, and Mr. Dwi Hartanto for providing professional assistance and the University of Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan, Indonesia, for support this study.
REFERENCES
Rauf, A. (2011). Agroforestry systems; Measuring Empowerment Sustainable Land. USU Press. Medan. Arsyad, S. (2000). Soil and Water Conservation. Cetakan ke 3. IPB Press, Bogor.
Chundawat, B.S., and S.K. Gautam. (1993). Textbook of Agroforestry. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Lal, R. (1995). Sustainable Management of Soil Resources in the Humid Tropics. United Nation University Press, Tokyo. Michon, G., F. Mary., and J. Bompard. (1989). Multistoreyed Agroforestry Garden System in West Sumatra Indonesia, In. Agroforestry System in The Tropics. Edited by: P.K.R.
Nair. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. p. 242-268. Nair, P.K.R. (1989). Agroforestry System in The Tropics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.