CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION - John Steinbeck's the grapes of wrath : a study of its theme through, character, plot, and setting - Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya Repository
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
CHAFTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Bacl':.ground sf
Literatlrre
nf
ther
t'lANDA[-A
,
thetical
ly
r:f
f-he
the
ig
Enuli:ih
the
j.nto
lrja{:ltrally
rn-lr,+irll
flr rcrr
t LrLc:1
rhi
clrrr
r
tewards
them
their
in
the
{-lro
ttreir
inf iri:l"te
perspecti',,e
c= i: r -' F
: r. n
d
r , :l .: JnEctr' M
1i
one
i5
thg
U N I h : : A t ^IlD Y A
of
wsnders
talenf-
is
aes*
art"
Thlrs"
of
hurnan
to
l.:nowledge''
i -
L r n fo l d
e:.(periencel
Flrrther'"
the
f arrrrr
devicp
.fr'l1'.
s r l. y
nirran
it
algo
inplt hs in
"
f* '-n. n - raLt r-i ls- rrJl U
r.'rhich enableE
of
their
l-l ,l r. J. +
, L, L, -r .-I. -el U
.
uwn
tr lrL' 6
, L| ,-edl F + -
have
1 y' ,
1
,
mind
be
--.-l
to
certain
=ornething
encoltntered
rt i +
r n LFFaf+ ' d L L I r F
f-n mF.intsin
them
to
Of
contritll-rtes
recoqtni:ing
thev
.n,:.an
their
'rs e}{pFriencing
situatinng
rrorl
5
and broadening
{?iiistence
14$rld
;rnri
F f : .I F
htr'w l anglrage
one's
I .: +-*-J-,,**
itself"
n4
f rsned
as
r1 i 1* r rL . ) - !
relsemble*d to
that
in
the
r . I or l , =
:. besici*s
G o m e s t - r p pl e m e n f - a r y
in
nf
R har-moniLrs piece
Lrnderstanding
11fe
i-"itlratinng
of
reqltires
it
"
i : t I F + l - l; : | . -, - nn r - 1 5
b r - r il d l n g
Departnrent
pec:trle into
invites
trFaLrty c!f its
- r,,.1
i:rr r|-r
be recoqni:ed
F1r'-lrrqiveiw
ref I ec tinn
arranged
liter-atr-tre
n+tnre.
crrrh ip:r-tq
ir,ent
It
Sturdy
shourld inevitably
c;innif
cnrriclrIr-rrn
the
lg
the
instincti'rely
r--aF.e
e+
1{-,.,{
:
i f -r.,ltr
"l
Ir-e'
hel
rr*
r r'q
, - rf - r ' r ^ r
hn*h
ncrr--nn:1I.;
.L
. = r ,r i Jr {
i;,. i
'
i r r *I
rr
tr,:1er:tu;i11y;
p : r r r : v i d e - . s a n o b j e c L . i - \ , ' e b s s : e f { : r. }.
it
t:Ll..
i.;nor+Ledge and Llnder'Etand j.ng I it
helps
L{s {:ilnnect
t]lrr-'re11.,e*s l:.a the
bi-uircjer r:Lll t,-rril
.1nd
FlhiL{i|"ophir
"
re l ig inr-i:: wnrlC
nf Hhich
t{ll are s. pert"
It.
enallleg
,{ . . r s It. n
f,everop
* pii}r*pEctive
on
Lhe
eventt;
that
i:J { :::1
:
i -rra f-{ ]L i .Tdi
L { s and i n
the
r4(]rLd
at
J.* r-geq
anc
therrhy
it
i:
orre of
the
=haping
iri f ir_tenre=
r:f
lj-fe""
{1?8F::)
rrrfldlrit
hlris
;:tcrint=,
Fir-s!:"
'I -.,--,,
ran!Lr.+qe
'f ict:-r:n
tn
r.le *re
r-rg e d
1g
"
j-g n+sterly
r - e* d e r*nh,,rnre
ta
Llnder-
itLrinan Iife*
tl-ie
atlor.lt
L i.Ler-q_tr-rre either
th e
abnlrt
!.angl tage
* that
a;:pr-ecia.{:inn
a
r*q"erd=
tr:
nne
r:f
tl"ii.:
*ad ia
'Lhe
tr f
way uf
l:.fri:l I i" t*rary
tlregi-g
f i-r" her
f a * :t
i-n {:endg
th*lt
tn
Se res
ie
the
*infi l.y;:e
Frs.y
i ).
enaLrle
* .s
dlfferent
i itsratr_Lre
Es=en{e
,f*i
i:rn*.den=
f eel irrg
ns'.'e I " Ths
i . n r :h n o = i n g
stLtdy . The Llnder I yirrg
tlre
irr
ss.
Lif rs i{:sel f "
i !: in terested
in
and
of
s.g * s1l
ei;ter.rsiveLy
c r : n r : j - o r _ r st h i n l ' ; i n g
lher t-r-lrtlr of
,:an
thF
reede+r the
the
!.te:rl ::
" Secand l y "
f r_r11e*st" l-l-rurs; i.t
"
Ls its
a
rf
in
d:_r,-*ctl'y., rr
r.rEy that
a.spec'ts
the
r{:lle
langr-iage
L.l re i " i or!' : rneanr;
cf
tn
nf
in
ta
=r-rL,staii.tisl
Langr-rage sn.l
l i se,J
Lr::{ed j"n €Llch
s h n w i n s j - gh t g
r*ader's
tr+a
-r.n e)(arllFle
.*^,
= r * . :'5- r i r r " ' -c, 1r r 1r *- n
SLlage nrgani:ation
. : . b1 e t u
dr*t*rrnined
ig
-..,-]--,=.-
j.$
is
ae* it
l rn d e r-:;te n d
her
t.,riter
rel:eartrh
digcr-r:i=iirg
T h r-rs
"
tlre
1i ter.rtr_ir"e pi.ryt; an impnrtant
J.Fprrcatit:n
:-ridireutli-,
t he
l iter--rry
!.Jhen ,Jisr:lrseing
LtEe,
i. t
'L.he att{:'/t:,
';j.ei"r ctf
In
plr'-i.ter''*.
i Lg tlreme
e. nove I
reascln
r-sge*rr::h
r-^lhirh
carr
r":r-i teies
1s cii.ling
.=t.rbjsc.L
"
he
the
t,:
:fue
r-tsvea 1ed
plot:"
t h r n r - r r J l - rr h a r a r t e r ' : "
thug;e three
elementg
char*cter*
people
charscter=
in
characters-
e::lr*.ltsted,
He then
plots.
:;ever-ql
pLot
m*in
novel
's
acteri=ti.rs
na.rel
devire
fc:r
is
writer
in
*s
. l"logt af
f nr- ht-tnanity
(1986:147)
Gnerin
becl';
its
f n1 lsrrr
effect=
of
it
. we
stay
have been
of ten
h*g
e j.ther
one
clr
* q r _ r e ll y
qreater
length.,
profonnd
Doren
ig
the
to
algt:
and char-
arhieve
nniuLrs
appropriate
material
analysis.
interested
and
hig
nature
in
is
John
s primary
concern
phennrn*na of.
lif
Steinbecl.;
writing
the
"
snpporting
is
that
with
can
mytl-r o r.rhere*s
showg
we rneet
q r - r a li t i e e
ncvel
nstlrre
by hlrmani=in, in
cln:igtantly
slrbplr:ts
r . ' rro l . ti : ; i n d i c a t e : ;
statecl
{:ornrnon man b,v- neanE
terrpered
To
writer
r-ritFi a.11 its
of
thoge
ts. jurmp f rorn nne setting
f oct-rgsing her
his
life.
rnore
f-he
thet
are
neaninq
a novel
the
the
rnt:gtlv weLl
con trary
their
has distingr-rished
The aurthar r.lhnmthe
Steinbecll
real
a.re composed
I ikely
Cenclnsivelyr
f lrnctioning
the
In
b'y nnmerolrs
r , r r h i c h n r s1 . . : et h e
i1?t5:589),
fictinn
Fr-rrther o becauee nf
setting
tha-t
lrntil
plot:',
in
Lln the
that
( 1 ? & 5 ; 3 8 7 - . 5 9 { : !) .
another*
El:*te,d
tirne.
gt*ted
These
plnt"
nsvels.
novelg
sr-ipported
impr:rtant
a
in
to
ere
.:. novei.
in
Our-en c laimed
remember begt
encountered
Hs
ebove
conrerned,
peap I e nn I'1' f r-orri time
t+ith
Eett-inqE"
rnentianed
and gret:rtly
developed
and
his
nnvel
f_he
diqnifiee
rratr_rral i:5m
" John
and the
e"
is
Eitein-
eventg
nf
4
f-'rd.rnarv
r * i ; I. i g m
i !"i +-he =r-.iciety-
p r - r , : r- -"' , . / r r r i F x
ilr.qf
: |j.:r":.J
I lYu/
nnrtr-,+vi
nEil|:]1E
}r-*F*_F-.
'-if
Li-i
C l.F..lfiefi
*..ii- i+l
r]fl
lrfE'.
+*rrr'=r-ging the
ninht
T.nAt
prnblem
lrniver-l;.*1
rlr
have,
inCl i',' j.d-'
And
Ft: nFari
c.nrF".i-
i-ec!.:elr
r
I ' c* r: i ,r r-,^ r r..
ic
i n
FJA V 5 s.n sn ti -i n
te I eC tr_raI
rn.\ny
nc,vslistr
He regpand!:
to the LrnccncioLrg
"rratltral "
peDFle snd Eocieties
t
lever
s.r-l
f orces
that
drive
"
;rnr'l l ef f - EteinbE'cl,;. f ocr-tgsee
ider:1':nr-re of the' r-i nFf
d{rc trine.
He
{:n
r harac t{:r
rather
than
an econornic
- -"l =
r- i- c- . a- 1 "
r r r r r r h i r l . a c . .r r n n h i p r - - -L -I v g
o
h
g
e
r
r
,
a
t
i
r
:n
r
l
l
l
l
J
:
3
L
L
r
l
.
i
:
{
I
i"ri l-l-i
,L lr
r, , n, tr : i t r i
'.ri rlrrr
i rrrli
Grsnc'r-'.r
;rddEd
r ' r r r I rt - r . , r ; r r . -i , = , - l
in
firri-nan
lriir-rh
!,,.!
tl",
+r: npri
+rid
r
i - r r : r 'i e f
in
Flre
nnr.rqy-
iff
hutrns'n
thg
I
th-ri-
rnnl-r:,r'iq.
r * n E i d e r - - at i o r - 1
;rrrd
r\jith
aesthe-tic
mr:.:t
l;1.-t
-
hrrt
;q li-.t-l
inn
rnmn;rcir.
f ot-
-
neneltfgte:d
iiong,:-
h*1d
theri-
rlot
F*'.".
i-lr.rrl-lr -
wFrlr
Tht-{xi" i.hey
pr-'*iEed
f,nd
r . J ir: l , E
.
Steinbec!.,'=
lr..r
"rtw
inn
st.rrcess"
uf
L tt : }
'fni-
-crh-i-ilvement
t1L.r/1!.:-/tI
tlne
i-:he
sf
trir-rmph*1
$le!nbscl.r'e
i=L-!:lJ-5:l--'--:l-t-l:1-::*.1-r'
arrnr-q
nf
idr--, fh-
Tlrp
r..rri f r:ri. p,r'n'l nwpr{
prirT.rry
her
re*!;Esr-ch,
G 1, 3i; ee
=cri-.rr'[e Df
_ .{ r.I_ l d l ::i * _ L 1 r,i v j -d 1 ry descri Lres
* ; L i c i : E r s sf L t 1 1 y
iind
pFnFle
{:,-:rmrn{ln
reFtr;1int!:;
rJ'
.-1
ths
"
bJr* Lh .is
l r r r i r :* 1* . r r r
:t,
In
rJepic L:= the
r,{hi{:h
is
f r - r] . I
uf
ert
of
fi:;pertr;
,:rrnr-r*
lJenression-s.nd
i nn
li I
nf
s
Ic:''ra
uf
Iife
lnq*
L -ii\/e!-:ial
{lf
that
The
tftg
n -U]€
hr-rrnatri gm
ev€rry
c,f
cnnf
r:nmpl icated
eliarninst:-un
;15
apinion
wr-itetr's
thE
ig
c". nnwpl
ihi
L - e c l , ; e r c i j n a , i n . : : - i !. ' 1 , 11 ; - s r g l r e d
*r m.asterf
r{ri'LinE=
l icts
l-he
and
Gr-aneE
Ameriran
l l u t1 t l t r e
elr:i1e
Cltrinq
snd
las:eir
abt:t-rt
hltmarn
5
F i : : ! ' - L r U1{ le
. 5t ein
c{
i 1987:8;1:
'
i :* rc l .; s
r : *, nr 1: i. l :' t' n f
1.2.
John
1i f e
e#r,e.i'.
i tli:r,.r
r-p''.r:,r
i-
ta
and
di-:;({..rm!red fLlr"ther
nl
-{
tJthsr-
r"rt
-"rnd
cal-*irrn
rLl
i-:
Objective
By
8.:1
tr..
gff
n*nk;.ind;ind
l 1vnEa ,n,rL' . '
n
I r
: n s l r r rr ti n
& nr , , ! J
, ff
the
rfr--'r,er'l-or
seern{5 tc,
sr-s
he
In
l:hiE
r-,'l n{-
.:rnl.|
problemn
ttre
cnnnectinn
itr
c;tseq
me=sage cr
HrgLtLLrI|g!
flh:clt.rt the
f hr:,,r,r",
th*
*.:lilinn
u c c r - rL, - E * r : l
bc*tl+senl
*F,arnail
L: r_,t rr {L . t
+L ll - l-H- -l l4l H
i=eure
:
that
' u h e t ' h e m e c lf
of
the
deron--trlrc
1 \/-!.i
the
rr1
thp
h J ! - a t f r ".
the
r^lri ter
need:
tn
t r r | .i t g r
l-5
t-hs nc:vel ,
Study
t j.nU
t hp
f '=r hn i rrr rr"c. _
deter-mined r
-
tq?T'
af f irma.trc-1n
and themeT
.i"npnrtan t
invei:;ti.qa te
1.3.
l"ihet
'.:t
]_5
f r - r 1 1 y ' '* n a l y : e
tF,r,-ntrrrlr
i:lii.s
rl-r*rrcterE
nn
"T!-ie Erapes
Lrr
1"
rii
T n f r r r , - r n ; : +, - ri ur , n!
*.rrrrccr=,-t
1c.:d
rnattnrq
,"inli
thl.
It
the Problem
r.;r'itr.r- i.ntencls
n
'in
{ US
Sterribeci,;'s
'r.he
H0fl1tJ_{]nALiy{
b g rI :e f
Statement of
Thic
m;r'i
} "
+-,
:nf,
+ t-,.r rOnnerti{]n
I.
rh*r:'*.lrtsr and f-he e
:i"
Fl ilt
T,
*ertting
.EnC theme
; t r r d l -h. e * m e
tt*.1:f|Jeen:
i-hg
-l-llt-...
l r r - r r r r : d r r r , - r i ; _r n
_ .dr ' t J r r ri ! n n
! ' . *-i. t *y the
i .J rJ iI-rd
be
Lrf !{rath
1.4.
s i :1 e
T hitl
tl're
of
::tLrd7- i:;
l:'tt-ld,.rnts
+Frn./
1s-r,
;r
rrnrra
f'.-.nean,,Er1
i.-
i _ r ' . P a ! ;
Fi:.ipe!'-l-eil
nri
r e
1 if
st-Lrdy i:!
rrrr
= i gni f
r_ttt:
l :r
i c.sncsr
j
Steinbec!.'=
Grapes
l-rg
Study
give
to
Hngli:lh
imnl
rrnderl',ri
nn
in
i -F , =
L be
and
abl*
Df
F l : :I F
In
l i Let-atltr"el "
tn
-r-r.r,n1-i-hi=rrfi
irrtlerlrr
Lri 1i
! 1 , , ! L , : t - ' ! ! J
ierl
uil
;rl-rl er
n-qrt
.l-hpw
l - l r _ ._
,:on L.r-rhr*rtinrrs
=*me
Departmerrrt
t r-, hr*
u:nrl-,
thr*
* " q
a r - e r n e ny
limited
r- F,a r ;r r- t r: r -. -
Tn
rrF,i
the
q
th'::
mr"r-
i nn
f llr"rnr-"*
;qnrl
ncrggn;1f
t J " - ,
fidvsntl.rre.
ingtinrtivL=1y
in-Lelectlral
tn
i nVniV,=d
I i +sr-:rrr
to
thi.s
ind
f l r = r ' { -i J i r p r t i r r
, ! ' L L r " r , , ! l
in
mal,ie
Lise
abilitiel:"
Scope and Limitatj.on
There
f hr:
of
tf'le:.r- anfllyti{:el
1.5.
John
eirpected
6 : 1 1 - ;r - " r
1..!.,:it-r-tra11y. tl-rey
' : ]f
the
-'.ner.t,=fl
+r-..r.|rr:rr;r
+.ynl
in
or-l t
; r r r d c i t r r r i r ,i r r n t r n r r i i " s h
r r n r . r - q l - , q r r , {i n r r
'i ri
f i rrd
- + -L * i t !L .t -i *. -' - J :-r ., rL -r l, --' '{.r i -
5
" "
Significance
'Lt
tc i
+;he sf-nry
ths:me r;f
r, -nr Jnrnr ri rrrr=-, f- , - . 1 - ui l.t-=- . *
*LF, i cr E' i
rFr
ie
f h i ..i
t{:
the
f eatlLres
*l-rnca
q I n+.PTUL5
.,.r
i - r rr' l w-
i:$ns jdereil
th e
L.c, h*
Fr:c
in
i r
:-l
nnmc
*Fra
hJr" i ter
thr*
E nsver L .
n::roal
!-!nr+errer"
rr
i- Frrr
this
+l-6d'-,
d6++in-c
f ul :r_r::sr* g rn
sign i f ican t
r:ne
!:.he
{]f
theme
a.l1
t h.r 'i:
in
t he
tl-ienre in
*. etnry
i; t *te
=ta.te
r.r.n be i 1 1r-r*traled
l ,lj - t h a l rt
"
r.til l
th i s
def irri Lely
pl.s-y* an inrpartant
rrrii
*'.r
n*
f nre..
*LFi r rog :
d{ : :t it r nE
q
/ I t ? t ] - : r , { 1 1 1 11
\ J 7O._,; Il_r.-f .l "
r:rrr r.i '.r; l arrt
cr'
r.iisdr.tm that
i cl
n r . p ct {l :. n_ *r ar r {
Fr
*LFr ,rr rn r rl nL Fr lr j r
LLs
th o l rg h ts
,-. I ^J---
1 . . ! 1 c ] i : : l {f i . n n 5 i e 1 . . 1 : 1 n q 5 ,
the
the
+}.--
Tlre*e
"
Ir L_ -l
lY
nrnrri
cloc
F' uYaus:]
.-,,erEl_.
!-,5!.c
FFr
r-{*\'el at-ion
l-F,o
n
+
ur
t
aLrthnr
{)f
tlre
pr-esent-
is
u J - 9 & 8r B I ) .
* .n d
4 , r : c l L r ri - F s
*n
i + i-r'l
1 im
try
4i *u
rrr
, - ,{
r$Lt
qii-,r-,=
T- I
It
lHrLn. Lrl " u rL n
,-J:
..r
nr:r,n1e
uLvurs
the
a story
iq
j-cle*a
T hr",n,,:r
in
y
( Jnrr'=s Jr.
inu
ruLe
f l1.a
ihcl
"
f 1ee or-rt of
c= * nL rUrt;
t ire''nr"
Lln{l!:r1t:il'J
bol rndar-y
, : xe
as
In
mess*gEri
rl-.rrrr.}.nrr
r.reI 1
analy=ing
c$nveyed
sg
r{orro1nrrorl
the
{- hermo
,iJr-iter
*L ! F ,' e!
!r
J o l - r n Stein
in
t hrar-rg h
trer l':. =
"Tl-rs
E ra pele _-ni-._h|r-r.'t h " .
1.6.
Definition
$ef ur-e
rl.*r-:l iy
i n
1,
* ac-
ny.c:
:rny
the
f
:e *'i
of
f Lrrther
f ill Iuwirrg
the
cJifferelncs*"
,?.
"l-lreme
a i-i*
i.s
l . e; r * t e r i r r s
Lle def ined
r: l- r:*nririeratl1e
$f
d i:lcLrsEir:n ,
i -t
is
nFger::;;ir.v
: i n u r - dF r - t o
avoicl
tn
mi'5*
nn
c;in
"i1.._n-S_y.g_1-
rnentE
Key Terms
lerngtt-r th:t
shnrt
i Freier
the
r{{] r'1..r
- Ttre
*rs e f i c t i s r " . L *
story"
"
l?*9
rentrsl
mess:.age
*.nd
cr'
c{]n taii-]s
br.rt
I
c i /-
i dT
r.,i th
al i
r-,::|:
.ff
5{ ]{ ne
F-,1.-*
ricxi
I
tlie
- + i .,c1 Ll"YLr
el*
i rl g:artan
t
l
dnminating
msr*l I
F't
idea
!mp J.ic i t
rn
in
*
iiter--
:.i-r.v
i.,r{:i
r l.i
Df
;I"
arL"
i Slr;*r^l 1f,r7i:.T?S l
"
" C h* . r' .:.i _ tri :r- i s
d e f :i -n e c l
hl. r n .3 .n b e i ri g
-
r" ir !:h
s .l 1
h,=i
nn
-
T
- t '-
rn
Ell l
ilf
+
F,rrm:r-,
l-illrTli-rn treing
4." " F I *t
:;{:ni-i'
is
the
ie
+.bnt-rt snil
sv*i:t::
is
r.:.1.**;h c,f
&"
a
*ctinn,
trl acr:
idets"
tletl.reen
i^rj.thj.n i:he
a
that
=tarr.,
nf
1.8.
"
I
oLrtccrre *t
;.
rf
1{-i
l L.it t-j-C]l-l
deterrnineg
1 " 9 S 9 : 5 * - , , 1 4 1 1)
t
c.,rhat l -he
il;
lngic.*. 11i-,
the
Lreltween
oppc€ing
':lEEires
nl
"
and
him::e I f "
r-e late.d
errd of
the
rhe
physical
ol:her
f i:lr-rer;; a
valr-res.
an
I t
sutsi.de
ins.y
f or c.e
iFunler*,lAb7:51S),
p1*l-- *nd
ch.*-
env j.r-i:ment, br-rt
algn
rnes.nB r.shate'.'er encnmpes=es
".Egl-|::i11S_
silFy"
F
I aerLr J4r4. C6 =hE. l!
( RoL:eri-s
c har*r- ter
ci-l-aracter
c r j s { : { - } r 'on : i1 a r , i 9 u * n d
the
of
{ondititrn:r
Life"
iBeard-
et,,*1..,195$:441i
crf the
Organiration
Thi":
.r11"
h g i- L:n r- n r r rr r'{
tlre
i r n.
:;trr-rgg le
ret:t*r'* * nrtt an ly
irf
ser-ies
r:f
b--i d tr-a-' r-ts
'.-rh:1
VCI
L J * - -. t
behavinr-"
te
* rrd
Ee I f
the
f ;sci i i ri .te
{ H r - r s s "1 ? ? 1 : 3 3 I "
"f,rrnf i i rt-
ar
inner
the
lead
gcod
-'.#a,--.i-i..|
tsl; Lel
lLJbiU
i r a m e s r : r - 1 , ; .c )i
that
sti:ry"
t*.1.,e
end
d, Fe* + E cnaL' 1e
the
the
"
ripeech,'
tl-r*rtqlltr
:i,
*i 1e r
as
thesl=
the
, - r{
ubjrec ti'i*
i=
of
i rr in
organi:ed
intrr:dLrctinn
*F,r,
Thesi.s
INTRODUCTION
CHAFTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Bacl':.ground sf
Literatlrre
nf
ther
t'lANDA[-A
,
thetical
ly
r:f
f-he
the
ig
Enuli:ih
the
j.nto
lrja{:ltrally
rn-lr,+irll
flr rcrr
t LrLc:1
rhi
clrrr
r
tewards
them
their
in
the
{-lro
ttreir
inf iri:l"te
perspecti',,e
c= i: r -' F
: r. n
d
r , :l .: JnEctr' M
1i
one
i5
thg
U N I h : : A t ^IlD Y A
of
wsnders
talenf-
is
aes*
art"
Thlrs"
of
hurnan
to
l.:nowledge''
i -
L r n fo l d
e:.(periencel
Flrrther'"
the
f arrrrr
devicp
.fr'l1'.
s r l. y
nirran
it
algo
inplt hs in
"
f* '-n. n - raLt r-i ls- rrJl U
r.'rhich enableE
of
their
l-l ,l r. J. +
, L, L, -r .-I. -el U
.
uwn
tr lrL' 6
, L| ,-edl F + -
have
1 y' ,
1
,
mind
be
--.-l
to
certain
=ornething
encoltntered
rt i +
r n LFFaf+ ' d L L I r F
f-n mF.intsin
them
to
Of
contritll-rtes
recoqtni:ing
thev
.n,:.an
their
'rs e}{pFriencing
situatinng
rrorl
5
and broadening
{?iiistence
14$rld
;rnri
F f : .I F
htr'w l anglrage
one's
I .: +-*-J-,,**
itself"
n4
f rsned
as
r1 i 1* r rL . ) - !
relsemble*d to
that
in
the
r . I or l , =
:. besici*s
G o m e s t - r p pl e m e n f - a r y
in
nf
R har-moniLrs piece
Lrnderstanding
11fe
i-"itlratinng
of
reqltires
it
"
i : t I F + l - l; : | . -, - nn r - 1 5
b r - r il d l n g
Departnrent
pec:trle into
invites
trFaLrty c!f its
- r,,.1
i:rr r|-r
be recoqni:ed
F1r'-lrrqiveiw
ref I ec tinn
arranged
liter-atr-tre
n+tnre.
crrrh ip:r-tq
ir,ent
It
Sturdy
shourld inevitably
c;innif
cnrriclrIr-rrn
the
lg
the
instincti'rely
r--aF.e
e+
1{-,.,{
:
i f -r.,ltr
"l
Ir-e'
hel
rr*
r r'q
, - rf - r ' r ^ r
hn*h
ncrr--nn:1I.;
.L
. = r ,r i Jr {
i;,. i
'
i r r *I
rr
tr,:1er:tu;i11y;
p : r r r : v i d e - . s a n o b j e c L . i - \ , ' e b s s : e f { : r. }.
it
t:Ll..
i.;nor+Ledge and Llnder'Etand j.ng I it
helps
L{s {:ilnnect
t]lrr-'re11.,e*s l:.a the
bi-uircjer r:Lll t,-rril
.1nd
FlhiL{i|"ophir
"
re l ig inr-i:: wnrlC
nf Hhich
t{ll are s. pert"
It.
enallleg
,{ . . r s It. n
f,everop
* pii}r*pEctive
on
Lhe
eventt;
that
i:J { :::1
:
i -rra f-{ ]L i .Tdi
L { s and i n
the
r4(]rLd
at
J.* r-geq
anc
therrhy
it
i:
orre of
the
=haping
iri f ir_tenre=
r:f
lj-fe""
{1?8F::)
rrrfldlrit
hlris
;:tcrint=,
Fir-s!:"
'I -.,--,,
ran!Lr.+qe
'f ict:-r:n
tn
r.le *re
r-rg e d
1g
"
j-g n+sterly
r - e* d e r*nh,,rnre
ta
Llnder-
itLrinan Iife*
tl-ie
atlor.lt
L i.Ler-q_tr-rre either
th e
abnlrt
!.angl tage
* that
a;:pr-ecia.{:inn
a
r*q"erd=
tr:
nne
r:f
tl"ii.:
*ad ia
'Lhe
tr f
way uf
l:.fri:l I i" t*rary
tlregi-g
f i-r" her
f a * :t
i-n {:endg
th*lt
tn
Se res
ie
the
*infi l.y;:e
Frs.y
i ).
enaLrle
* .s
dlfferent
i itsratr_Lre
Es=en{e
,f*i
i:rn*.den=
f eel irrg
ns'.'e I " Ths
i . n r :h n o = i n g
stLtdy . The Llnder I yirrg
tlre
irr
ss.
Lif rs i{:sel f "
i !: in terested
in
and
of
s.g * s1l
ei;ter.rsiveLy
c r : n r : j - o r _ r st h i n l ' ; i n g
lher t-r-lrtlr of
,:an
thF
reede+r the
the
!.te:rl ::
" Secand l y "
f r_r11e*st" l-l-rurs; i.t
"
Ls its
a
rf
in
d:_r,-*ctl'y., rr
r.rEy that
a.spec'ts
the
r{:lle
langr-iage
L.l re i " i or!' : rneanr;
cf
tn
nf
in
ta
=r-rL,staii.tisl
Langr-rage sn.l
l i se,J
Lr::{ed j"n €Llch
s h n w i n s j - gh t g
r*ader's
tr+a
-r.n e)(arllFle
.*^,
= r * . :'5- r i r r " ' -c, 1r r 1r *- n
SLlage nrgani:ation
. : . b1 e t u
dr*t*rrnined
ig
-..,-]--,=.-
j.$
is
ae* it
l rn d e r-:;te n d
her
t.,riter
rel:eartrh
digcr-r:i=iirg
T h r-rs
"
tlre
1i ter.rtr_ir"e pi.ryt; an impnrtant
J.Fprrcatit:n
:-ridireutli-,
t he
l iter--rry
!.Jhen ,Jisr:lrseing
LtEe,
i. t
'L.he att{:'/t:,
';j.ei"r ctf
In
plr'-i.ter''*.
i Lg tlreme
e. nove I
reascln
r-sge*rr::h
r-^lhirh
carr
r":r-i teies
1s cii.ling
.=t.rbjsc.L
"
he
the
t,:
:fue
r-tsvea 1ed
plot:"
t h r n r - r r J l - rr h a r a r t e r ' : "
thug;e three
elementg
char*cter*
people
charscter=
in
characters-
e::lr*.ltsted,
He then
plots.
:;ever-ql
pLot
m*in
novel
's
acteri=ti.rs
na.rel
devire
fc:r
is
writer
in
*s
. l"logt af
f nr- ht-tnanity
(1986:147)
Gnerin
becl';
its
f n1 lsrrr
effect=
of
it
. we
stay
have been
of ten
h*g
e j.ther
one
clr
* q r _ r e ll y
qreater
length.,
profonnd
Doren
ig
the
to
algt:
and char-
arhieve
nniuLrs
appropriate
material
analysis.
interested
and
hig
nature
in
is
John
s primary
concern
phennrn*na of.
lif
Steinbecl.;
writing
the
"
snpporting
is
that
with
can
mytl-r o r.rhere*s
showg
we rneet
q r - r a li t i e e
ncvel
nstlrre
by hlrmani=in, in
cln:igtantly
slrbplr:ts
r . ' rro l . ti : ; i n d i c a t e : ;
statecl
{:ornrnon man b,v- neanE
terrpered
To
writer
r-ritFi a.11 its
of
thoge
ts. jurmp f rorn nne setting
f oct-rgsing her
his
life.
rnore
f-he
thet
are
neaninq
a novel
the
the
rnt:gtlv weLl
con trary
their
has distingr-rished
The aurthar r.lhnmthe
Steinbecll
real
a.re composed
I ikely
Cenclnsivelyr
f lrnctioning
the
In
b'y nnmerolrs
r , r r h i c h n r s1 . . : et h e
i1?t5:589),
fictinn
Fr-rrther o becauee nf
setting
tha-t
lrntil
plot:',
in
Lln the
that
( 1 ? & 5 ; 3 8 7 - . 5 9 { : !) .
another*
El:*te,d
tirne.
gt*ted
These
plnt"
nsvels.
novelg
sr-ipported
impr:rtant
a
in
to
ere
.:. novei.
in
Our-en c laimed
remember begt
encountered
Hs
ebove
conrerned,
peap I e nn I'1' f r-orri time
t+ith
Eett-inqE"
rnentianed
and gret:rtly
developed
and
his
nnvel
f_he
diqnifiee
rratr_rral i:5m
" John
and the
e"
is
Eitein-
eventg
nf
4
f-'rd.rnarv
r * i ; I. i g m
i !"i +-he =r-.iciety-
p r - r , : r- -"' , . / r r r i F x
ilr.qf
: |j.:r":.J
I lYu/
nnrtr-,+vi
nEil|:]1E
}r-*F*_F-.
'-if
Li-i
C l.F..lfiefi
*..ii- i+l
r]fl
lrfE'.
+*rrr'=r-ging the
ninht
T.nAt
prnblem
lrniver-l;.*1
rlr
have,
inCl i',' j.d-'
And
Ft: nFari
c.nrF".i-
i-ec!.:elr
r
I ' c* r: i ,r r-,^ r r..
ic
i n
FJA V 5 s.n sn ti -i n
te I eC tr_raI
rn.\ny
nc,vslistr
He regpand!:
to the LrnccncioLrg
"rratltral "
peDFle snd Eocieties
t
lever
s.r-l
f orces
that
drive
"
;rnr'l l ef f - EteinbE'cl,;. f ocr-tgsee
ider:1':nr-re of the' r-i nFf
d{rc trine.
He
{:n
r harac t{:r
rather
than
an econornic
- -"l =
r- i- c- . a- 1 "
r r r r r r h i r l . a c . .r r n n h i p r - - -L -I v g
o
h
g
e
r
r
,
a
t
i
r
:n
r
l
l
l
l
J
:
3
L
L
r
l
.
i
:
{
I
i"ri l-l-i
,L lr
r, , n, tr : i t r i
'.ri rlrrr
i rrrli
Grsnc'r-'.r
;rddEd
r ' r r r I rt - r . , r ; r r . -i , = , - l
in
firri-nan
lriir-rh
!,,.!
tl",
+r: npri
+rid
r
i - r r : r 'i e f
in
Flre
nnr.rqy-
iff
hutrns'n
thg
I
th-ri-
rnnl-r:,r'iq.
r * n E i d e r - - at i o r - 1
;rrrd
r\jith
aesthe-tic
mr:.:t
l;1.-t
-
hrrt
;q li-.t-l
inn
rnmn;rcir.
f ot-
-
neneltfgte:d
iiong,:-
h*1d
theri-
rlot
F*'.".
i-lr.rrl-lr -
wFrlr
Tht-{xi" i.hey
pr-'*iEed
f,nd
r . J ir: l , E
.
Steinbec!.,'=
lr..r
"rtw
inn
st.rrcess"
uf
L tt : }
'fni-
-crh-i-ilvement
t1L.r/1!.:-/tI
tlne
i-:he
sf
trir-rmph*1
$le!nbscl.r'e
i=L-!:lJ-5:l--'--:l-t-l:1-::*.1-r'
arrnr-q
nf
idr--, fh-
Tlrp
r..rri f r:ri. p,r'n'l nwpr{
prirT.rry
her
re*!;Esr-ch,
G 1, 3i; ee
=cri-.rr'[e Df
_ .{ r.I_ l d l ::i * _ L 1 r,i v j -d 1 ry descri Lres
* ; L i c i : E r s sf L t 1 1 y
iind
pFnFle
{:,-:rmrn{ln
reFtr;1int!:;
rJ'
.-1
ths
"
bJr* Lh .is
l r r r i r :* 1* . r r r
:t,
In
rJepic L:= the
r,{hi{:h
is
f r - r] . I
uf
ert
of
fi:;pertr;
,:rrnr-r*
lJenression-s.nd
i nn
li I
nf
s
Ic:''ra
uf
Iife
lnq*
L -ii\/e!-:ial
{lf
that
The
tftg
n -U]€
hr-rrnatri gm
ev€rry
c,f
cnnf
r:nmpl icated
eliarninst:-un
;15
apinion
wr-itetr's
thE
ig
c". nnwpl
ihi
L - e c l , ; e r c i j n a , i n . : : - i !. ' 1 , 11 ; - s r g l r e d
*r m.asterf
r{ri'LinE=
l icts
l-he
and
Gr-aneE
Ameriran
l l u t1 t l t r e
elr:i1e
Cltrinq
snd
las:eir
abt:t-rt
hltmarn
5
F i : : ! ' - L r U1{ le
. 5t ein
c{
i 1987:8;1:
'
i :* rc l .; s
r : *, nr 1: i. l :' t' n f
1.2.
John
1i f e
e#r,e.i'.
i tli:r,.r
r-p''.r:,r
i-
ta
and
di-:;({..rm!red fLlr"ther
nl
-{
tJthsr-
r"rt
-"rnd
cal-*irrn
rLl
i-:
Objective
By
8.:1
tr..
gff
n*nk;.ind;ind
l 1vnEa ,n,rL' . '
n
I r
: n s l r r rr ti n
& nr , , ! J
, ff
the
rfr--'r,er'l-or
seern{5 tc,
sr-s
he
In
l:hiE
r-,'l n{-
.:rnl.|
problemn
ttre
cnnnectinn
itr
c;tseq
me=sage cr
HrgLtLLrI|g!
flh:clt.rt the
f hr:,,r,r",
th*
*.:lilinn
u c c r - rL, - E * r : l
bc*tl+senl
*F,arnail
L: r_,t rr {L . t
+L ll - l-H- -l l4l H
i=eure
:
that
' u h e t ' h e m e c lf
of
the
deron--trlrc
1 \/-!.i
the
rr1
thp
h J ! - a t f r ".
the
r^lri ter
need:
tn
t r r | .i t g r
l-5
t-hs nc:vel ,
Study
t j.nU
t hp
f '=r hn i rrr rr"c. _
deter-mined r
-
tq?T'
af f irma.trc-1n
and themeT
.i"npnrtan t
invei:;ti.qa te
1.3.
l"ihet
'.:t
]_5
f r - r 1 1 y ' '* n a l y : e
tF,r,-ntrrrlr
i:lii.s
rl-r*rrcterE
nn
"T!-ie Erapes
Lrr
1"
rii
T n f r r r , - r n ; : +, - ri ur , n!
*.rrrrccr=,-t
1c.:d
rnattnrq
,"inli
thl.
It
the Problem
r.;r'itr.r- i.ntencls
n
'in
{ US
Sterribeci,;'s
'r.he
H0fl1tJ_{]nALiy{
b g rI :e f
Statement of
Thic
m;r'i
} "
+-,
:nf,
+ t-,.r rOnnerti{]n
I.
rh*r:'*.lrtsr and f-he e
:i"
Fl ilt
T,
*ertting
.EnC theme
; t r r d l -h. e * m e
tt*.1:f|Jeen:
i-hg
-l-llt-...
l r r - r r r r : d r r r , - r i ; _r n
_ .dr ' t J r r ri ! n n
! ' . *-i. t *y the
i .J rJ iI-rd
be
Lrf !{rath
1.4.
s i :1 e
T hitl
tl're
of
::tLrd7- i:;
l:'tt-ld,.rnts
+Frn./
1s-r,
;r
rrnrra
f'.-.nean,,Er1
i.-
i _ r ' . P a ! ;
Fi:.ipe!'-l-eil
nri
r e
1 if
st-Lrdy i:!
rrrr
= i gni f
r_ttt:
l :r
i c.sncsr
j
Steinbec!.'=
Grapes
l-rg
Study
give
to
Hngli:lh
imnl
rrnderl',ri
nn
in
i -F , =
L be
and
abl*
Df
F l : :I F
In
l i Let-atltr"el "
tn
-r-r.r,n1-i-hi=rrfi
irrtlerlrr
Lri 1i
! 1 , , ! L , : t - ' ! ! J
ierl
uil
;rl-rl er
n-qrt
.l-hpw
l - l r _ ._
,:on L.r-rhr*rtinrrs
=*me
Departmerrrt
t r-, hr*
u:nrl-,
thr*
* " q
a r - e r n e ny
limited
r- F,a r ;r r- t r: r -. -
Tn
rrF,i
the
q
th'::
mr"r-
i nn
f llr"rnr-"*
;qnrl
ncrggn;1f
t J " - ,
fidvsntl.rre.
ingtinrtivL=1y
in-Lelectlral
tn
i nVniV,=d
I i +sr-:rrr
to
thi.s
ind
f l r = r ' { -i J i r p r t i r r
, ! ' L L r " r , , ! l
in
mal,ie
Lise
abilitiel:"
Scope and Limitatj.on
There
f hr:
of
tf'le:.r- anfllyti{:el
1.5.
John
eirpected
6 : 1 1 - ;r - " r
1..!.,:it-r-tra11y. tl-rey
' : ]f
the
-'.ner.t,=fl
+r-..r.|rr:rr;r
+.ynl
in
or-l t
; r r r d c i t r r r i r ,i r r n t r n r r i i " s h
r r n r . r - q l - , q r r , {i n r r
'i ri
f i rrd
- + -L * i t !L .t -i *. -' - J :-r ., rL -r l, --' '{.r i -
5
" "
Significance
'Lt
tc i
+;he sf-nry
ths:me r;f
r, -nr Jnrnr ri rrrr=-, f- , - . 1 - ui l.t-=- . *
*LF, i cr E' i
rFr
ie
f h i ..i
t{:
the
f eatlLres
*l-rnca
q I n+.PTUL5
.,.r
i - r rr' l w-
i:$ns jdereil
th e
L.c, h*
Fr:c
in
i r
:-l
nnmc
*Fra
hJr" i ter
thr*
E nsver L .
n::roal
!-!nr+errer"
rr
i- Frrr
this
+l-6d'-,
d6++in-c
f ul :r_r::sr* g rn
sign i f ican t
r:ne
!:.he
{]f
theme
a.l1
t h.r 'i:
in
t he
tl-ienre in
*. etnry
i; t *te
=ta.te
r.r.n be i 1 1r-r*traled
l ,lj - t h a l rt
"
r.til l
th i s
def irri Lely
pl.s-y* an inrpartant
rrrii
*'.r
n*
f nre..
*LFi r rog :
d{ : :t it r nE
q
/ I t ? t ] - : r , { 1 1 1 11
\ J 7O._,; Il_r.-f .l "
r:rrr r.i '.r; l arrt
cr'
r.iisdr.tm that
i cl
n r . p ct {l :. n_ *r ar r {
Fr
*LFr ,rr rn r rl nL Fr lr j r
LLs
th o l rg h ts
,-. I ^J---
1 . . ! 1 c ] i : : l {f i . n n 5 i e 1 . . 1 : 1 n q 5 ,
the
the
+}.--
Tlre*e
"
Ir L_ -l
lY
nrnrri
cloc
F' uYaus:]
.-,,erEl_.
!-,5!.c
FFr
r-{*\'el at-ion
l-F,o
n
+
ur
t
aLrthnr
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tlre
pr-esent-
is
u J - 9 & 8r B I ) .
* .n d
4 , r : c l L r ri - F s
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i + i-r'l
1 im
try
4i *u
rrr
, - ,{
r$Lt
qii-,r-,=
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It
lHrLn. Lrl " u rL n
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the
a story
iq
j-cle*a
T hr",n,,:r
in
y
( Jnrr'=s Jr.
inu
ruLe
f l1.a
ihcl
"
f 1ee or-rt of
c= * nL rUrt;
t ire''nr"
Lln{l!:r1t:il'J
bol rndar-y
, : xe
as
In
mess*gEri
rl-.rrrr.}.nrr
r.reI 1
analy=ing
c$nveyed
sg
r{orro1nrrorl
the
{- hermo
,iJr-iter
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!r
J o l - r n Stein
in
t hrar-rg h
trer l':. =
"Tl-rs
E ra pele _-ni-._h|r-r.'t h " .
1.6.
Definition
$ef ur-e
rl.*r-:l iy
i n
1,
* ac-
ny.c:
:rny
the
f
:e *'i
of
f Lrrther
f ill Iuwirrg
the
cJifferelncs*"
,?.
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a i-i*
i.s
l . e; r * t e r i r r s
Lle def ined
r: l- r:*nririeratl1e
$f
d i:lcLrsEir:n ,
i -t
is
nFger::;;ir.v
: i n u r - dF r - t o
avoicl
tn
mi'5*
nn
c;in
"i1.._n-S_y.g_1-
rnentE
Key Terms
lerngtt-r th:t
shnrt
i Freier
the
r{{] r'1..r
- Ttre
*rs e f i c t i s r " . L *
story"
"
l?*9
rentrsl
mess:.age
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cr'
c{]n taii-]s
br.rt
I
c i /-
i dT
r.,i th
al i
r-,::|:
.ff
5{ ]{ ne
F-,1.-*
ricxi
I
tlie
- + i .,c1 Ll"YLr
el*
i rl g:artan
t
l
dnminating
msr*l I
F't
idea
!mp J.ic i t
rn
in
*
iiter--
:.i-r.v
i.,r{:i
r l.i
Df
;I"
arL"
i Slr;*r^l 1f,r7i:.T?S l
"
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d e f :i -n e c l
hl. r n .3 .n b e i ri g
-
r" ir !:h
s .l 1
h,=i
nn
-
T
- t '-
rn
Ell l
ilf
+
F,rrm:r-,
l-illrTli-rn treing
4." " F I *t
:;{:ni-i'
is
the
ie
+.bnt-rt snil
sv*i:t::
is
r.:.1.**;h c,f
&"
a
*ctinn,
trl acr:
idets"
tletl.reen
i^rj.thj.n i:he
a
that
=tarr.,
nf
1.8.
"
I
oLrtccrre *t
;.
rf
1{-i
l L.it t-j-C]l-l
deterrnineg
1 " 9 S 9 : 5 * - , , 1 4 1 1)
t
c.,rhat l -he
il;
lngic.*. 11i-,
the
Lreltween
oppc€ing
':lEEires
nl
"
and
him::e I f "
r-e late.d
errd of
the
rhe
physical
ol:her
f i:lr-rer;; a
valr-res.
an
I t
sutsi.de
ins.y
f or c.e
iFunler*,lAb7:51S),
p1*l-- *nd
ch.*-
env j.r-i:ment, br-rt
algn
rnes.nB r.shate'.'er encnmpes=es
".Egl-|::i11S_
silFy"
F
I aerLr J4r4. C6 =hE. l!
( RoL:eri-s
c har*r- ter
ci-l-aracter
c r j s { : { - } r 'on : i1 a r , i 9 u * n d
the
of
{ondititrn:r
Life"
iBeard-
et,,*1..,195$:441i
crf the
Organiration
Thi":
.r11"
h g i- L:n r- n r r rr r'{
tlre
i r n.
:;trr-rgg le
ret:t*r'* * nrtt an ly
irf
ser-ies
r:f
b--i d tr-a-' r-ts
'.-rh:1
VCI
L J * - -. t
behavinr-"
te
* rrd
Ee I f
the
f ;sci i i ri .te
{ H r - r s s "1 ? ? 1 : 3 3 I "
"f,rrnf i i rt-
ar
inner
the
lead
gcod
-'.#a,--.i-i..|
tsl; Lel
lLJbiU
i r a m e s r : r - 1 , ; .c )i
that
sti:ry"
t*.1.,e
end
d, Fe* + E cnaL' 1e
the
the
"
ripeech,'
tl-r*rtqlltr
:i,
*i 1e r
as
thesl=
the
, - r{
ubjrec ti'i*
i=
of
i rr in
organi:ed
intrr:dLrctinn
*F,r,
Thesi.s