CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study

  

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

  Sanggam (2007:1) says, “Language is a unique human inheritance that plays the very important role in human’s life, such as in thinking, communicating ideas, negotiating with others”.

  It is true that the language is a unique thing, it can be seen that though human being mix different words of different language, the human still understand.

  English is use as the dominant International language. Almost in all aspects, such as communications, sciences, entertainments, diplomacy, aviation, business, and the internet, using English. Therefore, to study English, learners needs to look no further than internet or media, which is dominate as English language.

  English as one of the International Languages use is not just dealing with other countries, but it is also used to deepen and develop science because scientific books as well as experts still imported from abroad. In Indonesia, English is studied not only in school, but also outside of school or course in which development is very rapid. Many English books sold in stores, and it shows that nowadays. In addition, over one billion people currently learn English.

  English as the most widely taught and understood language in the world, and sometimes is describe as a lingua franca. English language is the determined as the first foreign language to be teaching in Indonesia. It is conducted in national curriculum. It has already taught at the primary school level up to the university level. Therefore, in learning English, students must acquire the four language skills, i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing. Up to now, the study of English has probably focused on the study of English grammar, and how sentences formed in English.

  That is why in this modern era which full with global competition like at this time, mastery of English is a very valuable asset for academics student and professionals in all fields. Nowadays, as an International Language, the usage of English more widely and intensively almost on Faculty, Schools, Departments and specialties offered by institutions of higher education. In addition, scientific literature including various religious studies are also becoming much written in English. Therefore, a more adequate skills in applying the rules of English grammar is imperative undue negotiable.

  This thesis discusses about code-mixing. Code-mixing learned in discipline of sociolinguistic. Sociolinguistics is an interdisciplinary science between sociology and linguistics, the two disciplines that is very closely. So, to understand what sociolinguistics, it is necessary to discuss it first what is meant by the sociological human beings. In interaction, language as a means of communication needed. In is able to communicate in two languages, regional languages and the national language or the first language and second language. A person who mastered more than one language will not be aware of or exposed to the effects / consequences of the use of 2 (or more) languages. Some of them are symptoms of code switching and code mixing.

  Hymes (1974: vii) said that sociolinguistics could be taken to refer to use of linguistic data and analyses in other disciplines, concerned with social life, and conversely, to use of social data and analyses in linguistics. The word could also be taken to refer to correlations between languages and societies, and between particular linguistic and social phenomena.

  Hudson (1980) defines that in code-switching the point at which the languages change corresponds to a point where the situation change, either on its own or precisely because the languages changes. There are other cases, however where a fluent bilingual talking to another fluent bilingual changes language without any change at all in the situation. This kind of alternation is called CODE- MIXING for conversational code-switching.

  When we see the school that is also have the different background, there are 34 Province in Indonesia, every country is have each different rate. It make someone able to know event to covered more than one language. Now, every school from senior high school have learned the other language, usually is language) become their preface word in the activity of learning-teaching.

  Nowadays, we need some media to know some information. There is television, Radio, Magazine, etc. when we watching television, we found some information within the picture and sound there, from radio, we just heard the voice of announcer in brought that program throughout the air. From magazine, we find some picture there that is related with the information that we want to read there, we will not heard voice there. In writing some information, it must have creativity so that the people who want to read our article is interested. Many tricks that used by the writers, such as, take the picture in that information, the usage of language that is interested to many people, etc.

  “CHIC” is the magazine that is purposed for the teenager approach to adult. This magazine contains many information whether it for men or women, like fashion (cloth, shoes, jewels, etc). Also about the actor or actress that is shining in the world, there are many tips, about the short story, etc. To make or to write that information, “CHIC” make it all as interest as possible. From the writing procedures, language, the pictures that make everybody that read “CHIC” is satisfy, that is why the writer use this magazine to become the source of data. The writer use “CHIC” with four edition namely 161, 162, 163, 164, and 165 th edition.The Editor in chief actually is Emma R Aliudin but she resigned and replaced by Trinzi Mulamawitri. CHIC always published every ten days. CHIC is established in April, nine years ago. The website of this magazine namely

  Usually “CHIC” consist of 130 pages. It has many topics, such as People that tell about many people that is famous in the world, Chic Online and Ala Mode that tell about fashion, about relationship, cover story, etc. Also CHIC have the short story. And the writer choose “story” that tell about the short story as the source of data.

  The writer choose this also because this is tell about the story that is happened to many people or maybe this the experienced of the creator of the story. The creator of the story is Indonesian people. This is showed us that Indonesian people is usual to mix their language even in our country’s language (Batak, Java, etc) or maybe the other country language (English, France, etc).

  The writer of the story mix the language so that it interested to read by many people because the people that usual to read the short story is the teenager or maybe the woman and as the writer said before, the people in Indonesia is usual to mix their language. They mix it because they think it impressive and good. It also done because when the writer of the short story wrote their short story, there are the word who can’t explained by them into the right Bahasa Indonesia.

  For example: 1.

  Kita sangat excited untuk menjalankan bisnis baru ini, sepertinya dari beberapa cabang yang sudah kita buka, orang-orang tertarik untuk mencobanya. Denny akan berbicara tentang kekuatan mimpi, tentang “soulmates” yang hadir dalam hidupnya dalam berbagai fungsi dan wujud untuk Basically, the conversation that write in this magazine causes interference for Bahasa Indonesia. The writer in this magazine, switch or mix their language both English and Bahasa Indonesia. They mix and switch their utterance when interviewer ask them because they were actor and actress that is usual for go international. They must cover two language, and that language usually English and Bahasa Indonesia.

  Chaer and Agustina (1995:163) says, “Penggunaan serpihan kata, frasa,

  

dan klausa dari bahasa lain yang terdapat di dalam kalimat dapat juga dianggap

sebagai Interferensi pada tingkat kalimat”. It means that the use of fragments of

  words, phrases, and clauses from other languages contained in the sentence can also considered as interference at the sentence level.

  Interference occurs as an automatic transfer because of the learner’s habit or because the two languages that are learned are not well separated. As English is learned by speakers of various languages across the world, interferences of other languages in English are pretty common. What has been described before as forms of the non-native English varieties or the sub-standard ones may all be included as interferences. Thus, the sentences my sister, the expression okay lah, or think is pronounced /tink/, with is pronounced /wit/, are example of interferences.

1.2 Problems of the Study

  Based on the description stated in the background of this thesis that there

  1. How many kinds of code-mixing in the text that can be found in Story of

  1.3 Objectives of the Study

  The objective of this study can be formulated as follows:

  1. To find out kinds of code mixing used in story “CHIC” that using by the writers of the story.

  2. To see the factors that influenced the short story of “CHIC” based on Dell Hymes theory.

  1.4 Scope of the Study

  When someone want to do a research on a code-mixing there can be many things to be discussed, therefore in circumstances the writer of this thesis want to limit her discussing just deal with the kinds of code-mixing, the reasons of the writers of the story mix their linguistics aspects, and to see the interference used in the text. The writer use the theory of Wardaugh (Wardaugh 2010:98) says, “code- mixing (also called code mixing) can occur in conversation between speakers’ turn or within a single speaker’s turn”. In the latter case it can occur in conversation between sentences (inter-sententially) or within a single sentence (intra-sententially). Furthermore, the writer is interested in analyzing interference that appears in their utterances because of code-mixing.

1.5 Significance of the Study

  This research is expected to provide benefits for the practical and theoretical developments in general linguistics and sociolinguistics in particularly.

  Practical benefit is closely related to understand code mixing, to know more about code-mixing, and to know how many types code-mixing.

  The theoretical benefit this research is to help explain aspects of the language that cannot be reached by the description of syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics in linguistic studies.

  Furthermore, the writer hopes that this research can enrich the sociolinguistics literature.

  Nasution (1988:5) says, “Penelitian kualitatif pada hakekatnya ialah mengamati orang dalam lingkungan hidupnya, berinteraksi dengan mereka, berusaha memahami bahasa dan tafsiran mereka tentang dunia sekitarnya”.

  It means that qualitative researcher in reality is observed the people in their life circles, interact with them, effort to understand their language and interpretation about their circle life.