Analysis of Body Weight in Low Birth Weight Infant Based on Breastfeeding and Formula Milk for Two Weeks Nursing in Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan Analysis of body
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied
Research (IJSBAR)
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This International Journal is multidisciplinary peer reviewed Journal intended to cover all
basic and applied Sciences areas such as (but not limited to): chemical sciences, All types of
Engineering, computer science, medical and medicine research, physiology, Mathematics, Social
Science, Geology, applied sciences, biotechnology, Agricultural Sciences, Biology, Business
Administration, Energy Resources & Research, Physics, Mineralogy, Metallurgy, Astronology,
Food & Food Industry, Accounting, Education, economics, Management, History, Microbiology,
Nano Science, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Psychology, Physiology, Statistics, Veterinary Sciences,
Zoology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Botany, Genetics, Geography, Accounting, Entomology,
Oncology, Parasitology, Evolution, human behavior, Biophysics, Fisheries, Pharmacology, Cell
Biology, Genomics, Plant Biology, Immunology, Religious Studies, Infectious Diseases, Law,
Dentistry, Toxicology, Neuroscience ,Endocrinology, Education science, Teacher education, etc.
This International journal Guarantees that the editor decision based on the peer review results will
not exceed 21 days from the paper submission date.
The International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) is published and
hosted by the Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers (GSSRR). The GSSRR is
created to provide services for the research and researchers community with low or no
cost. The scientific research publishing department in the GSSRR is responsible for publishing a
collection of scientific journals called the International Journals of Research Papers (IJRP) ,
the IJRP are a collection of peer reviewed, open access Journals. The International Journal of
Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)publish original research papers, review
articles, short communications and technical reports in all areas of basic and applied sciences
research.
IJSBAR Published Papers are Indexed, listed, and abstracted in:
Ulrich's, Google Scholar , Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) , Ulrich's Periodicals
Directory, Microsoft academic research, University of Texas (USA) , Stanford University (USA),
State University Libraries of Florida (included in 11 universities libraries in Florida)(USA),
University of Cambridge (United Kingdom), Simon Fraser University (Canada), University of
South Australia (Australia), OAIster database, PubZone (ACM SIGMOD), Research gate, OCLC
World Cat, IE Library ( Spain ), Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (Ezb germany), Simpson
University (USA), Columbia University (USA), NEOS library consortium (Canada), University
of Melbourne (Australia), Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany), University of Gronignen
(The Netherlands), University of Liverpool (UK), Universität Wurzburg (Germany), Academic
research (ourGlocal), Issuu, Researchbib, Journal seek,docstoc, ProLearnAcademy, ectel07,
University of Canterbury (New Zealand), University of Hong Kong, Queen's University (Canada),
Universität Mainz (Germany), University of Saskatchewan (Canada), The Hong Kong University
of Science & Technology, University of Manitoba (Canada), Auckland University of Technology
(New Zealand), scribd, prorch, slideshare, mendeley, academia, Genamics JournalSeek, Internet
archive, Ebookbrowse, CiteSeer, Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (Germany), University
of Twente (The Netherlands), Universität Osnabrück (Germany), Universität Marburg (Germany)
, University of IOWA (USA).
Vol 23, No 1 (2015)
Table of Contents
Articles
Report Explaining the Difficulties in Recruiting, Training, Motivating and Rewarding
Staff in the National Health Service Finance
Neeraj Beeknoo
The Role of Manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Growth of Two
Year Old Palm Oil in Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesia
PDF
1-24
PDF
2533
Putri Irene Kanny, Sudradjat Sudradjat, Sugiyanta Sugiyanta
Integration of Creative Art and Drama in Enhancing the Teaching and Learning in ECDE PDF
and Primary Schools in Kenya
34Betty Chepng'etich Tonui
41
Luminescence of Sr3Al2O6:Tb3+, Eu3+ Phosphor: A Strong Candidate as White Light
Emitting Lamp Phosphor
Pallavi Page, K. V. R. Murthy
PDF
4253
Climatic Change Impact on Corn Productivity in the Philippines
Arnold R. Salvacion
PDF
54-68
Trans Fatty Acid: TFA Implication: Does it helpful or harmful?
T. Kusmiyati, . Santoso, C. Siagian
PDF
69-79
Implementation of Health Promotion Program in General Hospital of Labuang Baji
Makassar, 2015
Silviana Manurung, . Suriah, M. Rusli Ngatimin
Stoicism and its Influence on the Roman Law
Dimitar Apasiev, Trajce Stojanov
Anticancer Activity of Cissus quadrangularis: An in vitro 2D Model Based Study
Saba Sheikh, Anupam Dhasmana, Sahabjada Siddiqui, . Safia, Ejazul Haque, Mohd.
Kamil, Mohtashim Lohani, Mohd. Arshad, Snober S. Mir
Perceptions of Climate Change among Natural Resources Management Students at
Jimma University, Ethiopia
Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda
Impact of Cage Aquaculture on Water Quality Condition in Lake Maninjau, West
Sumatera Indonesia
Lukman Lukman, Isdradjad Setyobudiandi, Ismudi Muchsin, Sigid Hariyadi
PDF
8087
PDF
88-92
PDF
93105
PDF
106119
PDF
120137
Vulnerability to Rainfall-Induced Landslide of Three Communities in Infanta, Quezon,
Philippines
Joan Pauline Presno Talubo, Arian J. Jacildo, Ma. Victoria O. Espaldon, Lilibeth A.
Acosta, Damasa M. Macandog, Gloria Luz M. Nelson, Nelita M. Lalican, Edwin R.
Abucay, Ma. Charisma T. Malenab, Jaderick P. Pabico, Moises A. Dorado
Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emission Concentration Level in Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun
State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Commercial Motorcycles (Okada)
Samuel Oluwole Babajide, Olayinka Kehinde Oderinde, Akinola Kehinde Akinlabi,
Ajani Olatunji Egbemuyiwa
PDF
138166
PDF
167180
PDF
Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Food Products Developed by Incorporating
Germinated Garden Cress Seeds (Lepidium sativum L.)
181188
Mamta Sharma
Reproductive Biology of Barb Fish (Barbonymus balleroides Val. 1842) in Fragmented PDF
Habitat of Upstream Serayu River Central Java, Indonesia
189Haryono - Haryono, MF. Rahardjo, Ridwan Affandi, Mulyadi Mulyadi
200
PDF
A GARCH Approach with Long-memory to Explaining Inflation, Inflation Volatility
and Persistence
201216
Ning Zeng
Surveillance Analysis and Monitoring of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Incidence in an
Intensive Care Unit: The Role of Cumulative Sum Control Charts
Isabela Pereira Rodrigues, Osiris Turnes, Celeste Aida Nogueira Silveira
Design, Fabrication and Experimental Study of Solar Parabolic Dish Concentrator for
Remote Area Application
M. Gwani, G. A. Abubakar, M. Abbas, M. Na Allah, J. Danyaro
Modification and Testing of Replaceable Drum Multi-Crop Thresher
Hussen Abagisa, Teka Tesfaye, Dubale Befikadu
PDF
217229
PDF
230241
PDF
242-255
Contribution of Dusun Agroforestry to Household Income on Ambon Island, Indonesia PDF
Rhony Einstein Ririhena, Hadi Sukadi Alikodra, Cecep Kusmana, Alex S.W.
256Retraubun
267
Bacteriological Quality of Seawater Bathing Areas along the Oran Coast (West
northern Algeria)
PDF
DJAD Mohamed El Amine, HASSANI Maya Meriem, KERFOUF Ahmed
268275
Effectiveness of Internal Audit in the Banking Sector in Macedonia
PDF
Blagica Koleva, Olivera Gjorgieva Trajkovska, Vesna Georgieva Svrtinov, Janka
Dimitrova
276282
The Impact of Tin Mining Activities on Squid (Uroteuthis chinensis) Fishing Ground In PDF
South Bangka
Arief Febrianto, Mulyono S. Baskoro, Domu Simbolon, John Haluan, Mustaruddin
283Mustaruddin
293
Weight Gain and Blood Glucose Level in Granting Trans Fatty Acids (Study at
Sprague Dawley)
Carmen S., Kusmiyati-Tjahjono DK
Analysis of Body Weight in Low Birth Weight Infant Based on Breastfeeding and
Formula Milk for Two Weeks Nursing in Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan
Evawany Aritonang, Trivo Rajagukguk, Ernawati Nasution
Peaceful Co-Existence between Muslims and Non-Muslims: An Analysis of Pakistani
Society in the light of Seerah Muhammad (pbuh)
Naseem Razi
PDF
294307
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308317
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318336
Cost and Revenue Optimization of Rattan Industry Management in Palu Town, Central PDF
Sulawesi
337Sitti Aminah, Abubakar M. Lahijie, Afif Ruchaemi, Golar Golar
347
The Development of Torbangun Flour-Based Functional Supplementary Food for
Breastfeeding Mother
Tetty Herta Doloksaribu, Hidayat Syarief, Rizal Damanik, Sri Anna Marliyati
Regulatory T Cells CD4+ CD25+ Expression in Biliary Atresia Mice Model after
Exposure with Rhesus Rotavirus (RRV)
Bagus Setyoboedi, Anang Endaryanto, Setyawati Soeharto Karyono, Teguh Wahju
Sardjono
Binary Logistic Regression to Identify the Risk Factors of Eye Glaucoma
Nidal Mohamed Mustafa Abd Elsalam
Extra-Analytical Quality Control of Serum Total Calcium (Collection of Blood in
Supine State and Correction Using Serum Albumin Levels)
Kamal Eldin Ahmed Abdelsalam, Hubeldin Taha Ahmed
Synthesis of Some Bigienelli Compounds from Thiosemicarbazide use ZnCl2 as
Catalyst under Solvent Free Condition
Hind Abderhman Elmusharaf, Izeldin E. Barakat, Ahmed E. M. Saeed
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348355
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356365
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366-376
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377382
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383391
Mobile apps in E-governance projects in India: Where do we stand?
Vinay Kumar, Parul Pal, Ankita Sharma
Analysis of Malaysia Stock Return Using Mixture of Normal Distributions
Zetty Ain Kamaruzzaman, Zaidi Isa
E-Procurement for Creating Competitive Advantage in the National Health Service
Finance
Neeraj Beekno
Role of Performance Management System on Service Delivery, Case Study of
Kakamega County General Hospital, Kenya
John Chegenye, Shedrack Mbithi, Douglus Musiega
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
PDF
392-397
PDF
398-412
PDF
413436
PDF
437451
International Journal of Sciences:
Basic and Applied Research
(IJSBAR)
I SSN 2 3 0 7 - 4 5 3 1
(Print & Online)
http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of Body Weight in Low Birth Weight Infant
Based on Breastfeeding and Formula Milk for Two Weeks
Nursing in Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan
Evawany Aritonanga*, Trivo Rajagukgukb, Ernawati Nasutionc
a,c
b
Lecturer in Public Health Faculty in University of North Sumatera
Graduate Studies Program Faculty of Public Health in University of North Sumatera
a
Email: evawany@gmail.com
Abstract
Low Birth Weight (LBW) is infant born with less than 2500 grams without looking at pregnancy gestation.
Breastfeeding is the best nutrition for the infants. However, for some reasons mothers opt to add or replace
breastmilk. As an alternative for breastfeeding, there is formula milk with different specifications adapted to the
infants' needs or condition. This research aims to analysis the difference in body weight of LBW infants fed by
breastfeeding or formula milk in the first two weeks of care at Santa Elizabeth Hospital Medan. This research is
using cross-sectional design. Samples are 56 LBW infants without infectious disease and nursing for two weeks
in Santa Elizabeth Hospital Medan. This research is conducted using secondary data of medical record
documentation in the perinatology room. Data analysis was performed using Independent Samples T-Test. The
results shows that there is significant difference between the increase in weight of breast-fed babies who were
given with the increase in weight babies fed milk formula with p value 0,00.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: evawany@gmail.com.
308
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)(2015) Volume 23, No 1, pp 308-317
Researchers suggest that in order to further improve the service to the handling of the problem of low birth
weight, especially in the provision of nutrition for infants of low birth weight hospital institutions, nurses who
worked in chambers of perinatology should be support and motivate mothers to breastfeed their infants and
consider the condition of an infant during the maintenance.
Keywords: low birth weight; breastfeeding; formula milk; body weight.
1.
Introduction
Low birth weight (LBW) prevalence according to WHO [1] in 2011 is 15% of all births in the world with a
range of 3.3% -38%, which is more common in developing countries or low socioeconomic countries. The
prevalence of LBW in Indonesia varies from one region to another. The incidence of LBW in Indonesia is quite
high at 10.5%, still above the 9.6% Thailand and Vietnam 5.2%. One of the circumstances that led to high infant
mortality rate was low birth weight. Infant mortality under 1 year in LBW babies 17 times greater than the
babies of normal weight. In addition, most of LBW baby less than 2000 grams died in the neonatal period [2].
National Economic Survey in Indonesia in 2005 [3], stated that 38.85% of neonatal deaths are caused by LBW.
These LBW infants have greater morbidity and mortality than infants with age appropriate growth [4].
Infant feeding is crucial to the growth and development of infants. Breast milk is the main food for the baby to
meet the nutritional needs of infants [5]. Nutritional content of breast milk is appropriate to support the growth
and development of a healthy baby. Only breast milk known as exclusive breastfeeding is recommended as baby
food from birth until the age of 6 months without any other food. Formula is an alternative that is given if the
mother cannot breast feed. The problems in low birth weight infants who cannot given breast milk are breast
milk has not come out, the baby's body small and weak that it cannot suck the mother nipple, or because infants
require intensive medical care because of the low weight. Baby's weight is one indicator of infant growth is
determined by the intake of baby food. Some studies [6, 7, 8] stated there was no difference in the nutritional
status of infants breast-fed and infants formula milk, but little study to analyzed the difference in body weight of
low birth weight infants who are breastfed and low birth weight infants who received milk formula.
Based on data from medical records Santa Elisabeth hospital Medan is known that in 2011 there were 22 low
birth weight infant, in 2012 there were 42 low birth weight infant, in 2013 there were 46 low birth weight infant,
and in 2014 there were 28 low birth weight infant which concluded that low birth weight remains high every
year. Low birth weight infants are usually hospitalized for two weeks in the hospital to monitor the health and
growth of the body in order to survive. This study aimed to analyze the differences in weight gain low birth
weight infants fed breast milk by weight low birth weight infants fed formula.
2.
Material And Method
2.1 Study Area and Research Design
This study is an observational survey with cross sectional design to analyzed the differences of body weight
between LBW infant giving breast milk and LBW infant giving formula milk. The study began in September
309
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)(2015) Volume 23, No 1, pp 308-317
2014 to April 2015.
2.2 Population and Sample
The populations in this study were all LBW infants in Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan from the year 2011-2014
is 138 infants. Samples are section of the population with the inclusion criteria: no infectious disease, were
treated for 2 weeks in the hospital, given breast milk or formula. The samples are 56 babies divided in 32 babies
given formula milk and 24 infants given breast milk.
2.3 Data Collection Methods
This study used secondary data from medical record documentation studies in neonatus room. Data captured
includes the date of infant birth, sex, gestational age, body length, birth weight and body weight after two weeks
were given nutrition (breast milk or formula milk) were obtained from medical records.
2.4 Data Analysis
Analysis of data to determine the difference in average weight gain LBW infants given breast milk or formula
milk using test Independent Sample T-Test. Data presented in the form of a frequency distribution table.
3. Results
3.1
The Characteristics of Sample
Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan is located at Jalan H. Misbah 7 Medan. This hospital has been equipped with
various infrastructures consisting of Poly General, Specialist, Emergency Room (ER) and Intensive Care Unit
(ICU), and Neonates Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Each unit is equipped with facilities according to the needs of
the service. Based on research conducted at the Hospital Santa Elisabeth Medan, showed that the majority of
LBW babies are female, 31 infant (55.4%) and men 25 infant (44.6%).
The average gestation either LBW infants fed breast milk or formula is 33 weeks, that means have a normal
gestational age. The youngest gestational age was 24 weeks and the oldest was 40 weeks. The average age of
mothers was 32 years. The youngest maternal age was 22 years old and the oldest was 42 years old.
From Table 2 it seen that in breast-fed babies mostly who were born with low birth weight (66.7%) came from
mothers with preterm gestational age (
Research (IJSBAR)
Call For Papers
Impact Factor: 0.415
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September,
October, November and December: 2016
( I SSN 2 3 0 7 - 4 5 3 1 )
Submit Paper Now
D e a dline : Su bm ission is Ope n
Pu blica t ion : t h e a u t h or pa pe r w ill be a dde d
im m e dia t e ly t o t h e " cu r r e n t " volum e 's Ta ble
of Con t e n t s a ft e r it s a cce pt a n ce .
This International Journal is multidisciplinary peer reviewed Journal intended to cover all
basic and applied Sciences areas such as (but not limited to): chemical sciences, All types of
Engineering, computer science, medical and medicine research, physiology, Mathematics, Social
Science, Geology, applied sciences, biotechnology, Agricultural Sciences, Biology, Business
Administration, Energy Resources & Research, Physics, Mineralogy, Metallurgy, Astronology,
Food & Food Industry, Accounting, Education, economics, Management, History, Microbiology,
Nano Science, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Psychology, Physiology, Statistics, Veterinary Sciences,
Zoology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Botany, Genetics, Geography, Accounting, Entomology,
Oncology, Parasitology, Evolution, human behavior, Biophysics, Fisheries, Pharmacology, Cell
Biology, Genomics, Plant Biology, Immunology, Religious Studies, Infectious Diseases, Law,
Dentistry, Toxicology, Neuroscience ,Endocrinology, Education science, Teacher education, etc.
This International journal Guarantees that the editor decision based on the peer review results will
not exceed 21 days from the paper submission date.
The International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) is published and
hosted by the Global Society of Scientific Research and Researchers (GSSRR). The GSSRR is
created to provide services for the research and researchers community with low or no
cost. The scientific research publishing department in the GSSRR is responsible for publishing a
collection of scientific journals called the International Journals of Research Papers (IJRP) ,
the IJRP are a collection of peer reviewed, open access Journals. The International Journal of
Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)publish original research papers, review
articles, short communications and technical reports in all areas of basic and applied sciences
research.
IJSBAR Published Papers are Indexed, listed, and abstracted in:
Ulrich's, Google Scholar , Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) , Ulrich's Periodicals
Directory, Microsoft academic research, University of Texas (USA) , Stanford University (USA),
State University Libraries of Florida (included in 11 universities libraries in Florida)(USA),
University of Cambridge (United Kingdom), Simon Fraser University (Canada), University of
South Australia (Australia), OAIster database, PubZone (ACM SIGMOD), Research gate, OCLC
World Cat, IE Library ( Spain ), Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (Ezb germany), Simpson
University (USA), Columbia University (USA), NEOS library consortium (Canada), University
of Melbourne (Australia), Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany), University of Gronignen
(The Netherlands), University of Liverpool (UK), Universität Wurzburg (Germany), Academic
research (ourGlocal), Issuu, Researchbib, Journal seek,docstoc, ProLearnAcademy, ectel07,
University of Canterbury (New Zealand), University of Hong Kong, Queen's University (Canada),
Universität Mainz (Germany), University of Saskatchewan (Canada), The Hong Kong University
of Science & Technology, University of Manitoba (Canada), Auckland University of Technology
(New Zealand), scribd, prorch, slideshare, mendeley, academia, Genamics JournalSeek, Internet
archive, Ebookbrowse, CiteSeer, Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (Germany), University
of Twente (The Netherlands), Universität Osnabrück (Germany), Universität Marburg (Germany)
, University of IOWA (USA).
Vol 23, No 1 (2015)
Table of Contents
Articles
Report Explaining the Difficulties in Recruiting, Training, Motivating and Rewarding
Staff in the National Health Service Finance
Neeraj Beeknoo
The Role of Manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Growth of Two
Year Old Palm Oil in Jonggol, Bogor, Indonesia
1-24
2533
Putri Irene Kanny, Sudradjat Sudradjat, Sugiyanta Sugiyanta
Integration of Creative Art and Drama in Enhancing the Teaching and Learning in ECDE PDF
and Primary Schools in Kenya
34Betty Chepng'etich Tonui
41
Luminescence of Sr3Al2O6:Tb3+, Eu3+ Phosphor: A Strong Candidate as White Light
Emitting Lamp Phosphor
Pallavi Page, K. V. R. Murthy
4253
Climatic Change Impact on Corn Productivity in the Philippines
Arnold R. Salvacion
54-68
Trans Fatty Acid: TFA Implication: Does it helpful or harmful?
T. Kusmiyati, . Santoso, C. Siagian
69-79
Implementation of Health Promotion Program in General Hospital of Labuang Baji
Makassar, 2015
Silviana Manurung, . Suriah, M. Rusli Ngatimin
Stoicism and its Influence on the Roman Law
Dimitar Apasiev, Trajce Stojanov
Anticancer Activity of Cissus quadrangularis: An in vitro 2D Model Based Study
Saba Sheikh, Anupam Dhasmana, Sahabjada Siddiqui, . Safia, Ejazul Haque, Mohd.
Kamil, Mohtashim Lohani, Mohd. Arshad, Snober S. Mir
Perceptions of Climate Change among Natural Resources Management Students at
Jimma University, Ethiopia
Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda
Impact of Cage Aquaculture on Water Quality Condition in Lake Maninjau, West
Sumatera Indonesia
Lukman Lukman, Isdradjad Setyobudiandi, Ismudi Muchsin, Sigid Hariyadi
8087
88-92
93105
106119
120137
Vulnerability to Rainfall-Induced Landslide of Three Communities in Infanta, Quezon,
Philippines
Joan Pauline Presno Talubo, Arian J. Jacildo, Ma. Victoria O. Espaldon, Lilibeth A.
Acosta, Damasa M. Macandog, Gloria Luz M. Nelson, Nelita M. Lalican, Edwin R.
Abucay, Ma. Charisma T. Malenab, Jaderick P. Pabico, Moises A. Dorado
Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emission Concentration Level in Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun
State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Commercial Motorcycles (Okada)
Samuel Oluwole Babajide, Olayinka Kehinde Oderinde, Akinola Kehinde Akinlabi,
Ajani Olatunji Egbemuyiwa
138166
167180
Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Food Products Developed by Incorporating
Germinated Garden Cress Seeds (Lepidium sativum L.)
181188
Mamta Sharma
Reproductive Biology of Barb Fish (Barbonymus balleroides Val. 1842) in Fragmented PDF
Habitat of Upstream Serayu River Central Java, Indonesia
189Haryono - Haryono, MF. Rahardjo, Ridwan Affandi, Mulyadi Mulyadi
200
A GARCH Approach with Long-memory to Explaining Inflation, Inflation Volatility
and Persistence
201216
Ning Zeng
Surveillance Analysis and Monitoring of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Incidence in an
Intensive Care Unit: The Role of Cumulative Sum Control Charts
Isabela Pereira Rodrigues, Osiris Turnes, Celeste Aida Nogueira Silveira
Design, Fabrication and Experimental Study of Solar Parabolic Dish Concentrator for
Remote Area Application
M. Gwani, G. A. Abubakar, M. Abbas, M. Na Allah, J. Danyaro
Modification and Testing of Replaceable Drum Multi-Crop Thresher
Hussen Abagisa, Teka Tesfaye, Dubale Befikadu
217229
230241
242-255
Contribution of Dusun Agroforestry to Household Income on Ambon Island, Indonesia PDF
Rhony Einstein Ririhena, Hadi Sukadi Alikodra, Cecep Kusmana, Alex S.W.
256Retraubun
267
Bacteriological Quality of Seawater Bathing Areas along the Oran Coast (West
northern Algeria)
DJAD Mohamed El Amine, HASSANI Maya Meriem, KERFOUF Ahmed
268275
Effectiveness of Internal Audit in the Banking Sector in Macedonia
Blagica Koleva, Olivera Gjorgieva Trajkovska, Vesna Georgieva Svrtinov, Janka
Dimitrova
276282
The Impact of Tin Mining Activities on Squid (Uroteuthis chinensis) Fishing Ground In PDF
South Bangka
Arief Febrianto, Mulyono S. Baskoro, Domu Simbolon, John Haluan, Mustaruddin
283Mustaruddin
293
Weight Gain and Blood Glucose Level in Granting Trans Fatty Acids (Study at
Sprague Dawley)
Carmen S., Kusmiyati-Tjahjono DK
Analysis of Body Weight in Low Birth Weight Infant Based on Breastfeeding and
Formula Milk for Two Weeks Nursing in Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan
Evawany Aritonang, Trivo Rajagukguk, Ernawati Nasution
Peaceful Co-Existence between Muslims and Non-Muslims: An Analysis of Pakistani
Society in the light of Seerah Muhammad (pbuh)
Naseem Razi
294307
308317
318336
Cost and Revenue Optimization of Rattan Industry Management in Palu Town, Central PDF
Sulawesi
337Sitti Aminah, Abubakar M. Lahijie, Afif Ruchaemi, Golar Golar
347
The Development of Torbangun Flour-Based Functional Supplementary Food for
Breastfeeding Mother
Tetty Herta Doloksaribu, Hidayat Syarief, Rizal Damanik, Sri Anna Marliyati
Regulatory T Cells CD4+ CD25+ Expression in Biliary Atresia Mice Model after
Exposure with Rhesus Rotavirus (RRV)
Bagus Setyoboedi, Anang Endaryanto, Setyawati Soeharto Karyono, Teguh Wahju
Sardjono
Binary Logistic Regression to Identify the Risk Factors of Eye Glaucoma
Nidal Mohamed Mustafa Abd Elsalam
Extra-Analytical Quality Control of Serum Total Calcium (Collection of Blood in
Supine State and Correction Using Serum Albumin Levels)
Kamal Eldin Ahmed Abdelsalam, Hubeldin Taha Ahmed
Synthesis of Some Bigienelli Compounds from Thiosemicarbazide use ZnCl2 as
Catalyst under Solvent Free Condition
Hind Abderhman Elmusharaf, Izeldin E. Barakat, Ahmed E. M. Saeed
348355
356365
366-376
377382
383391
Mobile apps in E-governance projects in India: Where do we stand?
Vinay Kumar, Parul Pal, Ankita Sharma
Analysis of Malaysia Stock Return Using Mixture of Normal Distributions
Zetty Ain Kamaruzzaman, Zaidi Isa
E-Procurement for Creating Competitive Advantage in the National Health Service
Finance
Neeraj Beekno
Role of Performance Management System on Service Delivery, Case Study of
Kakamega County General Hospital, Kenya
John Chegenye, Shedrack Mbithi, Douglus Musiega
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
392-397
398-412
413436
437451
International Journal of Sciences:
Basic and Applied Research
(IJSBAR)
I SSN 2 3 0 7 - 4 5 3 1
(Print & Online)
http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of Body Weight in Low Birth Weight Infant
Based on Breastfeeding and Formula Milk for Two Weeks
Nursing in Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan
Evawany Aritonanga*, Trivo Rajagukgukb, Ernawati Nasutionc
a,c
b
Lecturer in Public Health Faculty in University of North Sumatera
Graduate Studies Program Faculty of Public Health in University of North Sumatera
a
Email: evawany@gmail.com
Abstract
Low Birth Weight (LBW) is infant born with less than 2500 grams without looking at pregnancy gestation.
Breastfeeding is the best nutrition for the infants. However, for some reasons mothers opt to add or replace
breastmilk. As an alternative for breastfeeding, there is formula milk with different specifications adapted to the
infants' needs or condition. This research aims to analysis the difference in body weight of LBW infants fed by
breastfeeding or formula milk in the first two weeks of care at Santa Elizabeth Hospital Medan. This research is
using cross-sectional design. Samples are 56 LBW infants without infectious disease and nursing for two weeks
in Santa Elizabeth Hospital Medan. This research is conducted using secondary data of medical record
documentation in the perinatology room. Data analysis was performed using Independent Samples T-Test. The
results shows that there is significant difference between the increase in weight of breast-fed babies who were
given with the increase in weight babies fed milk formula with p value 0,00.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: evawany@gmail.com.
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International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)(2015) Volume 23, No 1, pp 308-317
Researchers suggest that in order to further improve the service to the handling of the problem of low birth
weight, especially in the provision of nutrition for infants of low birth weight hospital institutions, nurses who
worked in chambers of perinatology should be support and motivate mothers to breastfeed their infants and
consider the condition of an infant during the maintenance.
Keywords: low birth weight; breastfeeding; formula milk; body weight.
1.
Introduction
Low birth weight (LBW) prevalence according to WHO [1] in 2011 is 15% of all births in the world with a
range of 3.3% -38%, which is more common in developing countries or low socioeconomic countries. The
prevalence of LBW in Indonesia varies from one region to another. The incidence of LBW in Indonesia is quite
high at 10.5%, still above the 9.6% Thailand and Vietnam 5.2%. One of the circumstances that led to high infant
mortality rate was low birth weight. Infant mortality under 1 year in LBW babies 17 times greater than the
babies of normal weight. In addition, most of LBW baby less than 2000 grams died in the neonatal period [2].
National Economic Survey in Indonesia in 2005 [3], stated that 38.85% of neonatal deaths are caused by LBW.
These LBW infants have greater morbidity and mortality than infants with age appropriate growth [4].
Infant feeding is crucial to the growth and development of infants. Breast milk is the main food for the baby to
meet the nutritional needs of infants [5]. Nutritional content of breast milk is appropriate to support the growth
and development of a healthy baby. Only breast milk known as exclusive breastfeeding is recommended as baby
food from birth until the age of 6 months without any other food. Formula is an alternative that is given if the
mother cannot breast feed. The problems in low birth weight infants who cannot given breast milk are breast
milk has not come out, the baby's body small and weak that it cannot suck the mother nipple, or because infants
require intensive medical care because of the low weight. Baby's weight is one indicator of infant growth is
determined by the intake of baby food. Some studies [6, 7, 8] stated there was no difference in the nutritional
status of infants breast-fed and infants formula milk, but little study to analyzed the difference in body weight of
low birth weight infants who are breastfed and low birth weight infants who received milk formula.
Based on data from medical records Santa Elisabeth hospital Medan is known that in 2011 there were 22 low
birth weight infant, in 2012 there were 42 low birth weight infant, in 2013 there were 46 low birth weight infant,
and in 2014 there were 28 low birth weight infant which concluded that low birth weight remains high every
year. Low birth weight infants are usually hospitalized for two weeks in the hospital to monitor the health and
growth of the body in order to survive. This study aimed to analyze the differences in weight gain low birth
weight infants fed breast milk by weight low birth weight infants fed formula.
2.
Material And Method
2.1 Study Area and Research Design
This study is an observational survey with cross sectional design to analyzed the differences of body weight
between LBW infant giving breast milk and LBW infant giving formula milk. The study began in September
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International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR)(2015) Volume 23, No 1, pp 308-317
2014 to April 2015.
2.2 Population and Sample
The populations in this study were all LBW infants in Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan from the year 2011-2014
is 138 infants. Samples are section of the population with the inclusion criteria: no infectious disease, were
treated for 2 weeks in the hospital, given breast milk or formula. The samples are 56 babies divided in 32 babies
given formula milk and 24 infants given breast milk.
2.3 Data Collection Methods
This study used secondary data from medical record documentation studies in neonatus room. Data captured
includes the date of infant birth, sex, gestational age, body length, birth weight and body weight after two weeks
were given nutrition (breast milk or formula milk) were obtained from medical records.
2.4 Data Analysis
Analysis of data to determine the difference in average weight gain LBW infants given breast milk or formula
milk using test Independent Sample T-Test. Data presented in the form of a frequency distribution table.
3. Results
3.1
The Characteristics of Sample
Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan is located at Jalan H. Misbah 7 Medan. This hospital has been equipped with
various infrastructures consisting of Poly General, Specialist, Emergency Room (ER) and Intensive Care Unit
(ICU), and Neonates Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Each unit is equipped with facilities according to the needs of
the service. Based on research conducted at the Hospital Santa Elisabeth Medan, showed that the majority of
LBW babies are female, 31 infant (55.4%) and men 25 infant (44.6%).
The average gestation either LBW infants fed breast milk or formula is 33 weeks, that means have a normal
gestational age. The youngest gestational age was 24 weeks and the oldest was 40 weeks. The average age of
mothers was 32 years. The youngest maternal age was 22 years old and the oldest was 42 years old.
From Table 2 it seen that in breast-fed babies mostly who were born with low birth weight (66.7%) came from
mothers with preterm gestational age (