jurnal generik vol.4

6LVWHP1DYLJDVL1RQ+RORQRPLF0RELOH5RERW
0HQJJXQDNDQ$SOLNDVL6HQVRU8OWUDVRQLF


6LWL1XUPDLQL $KPDG=DUNDVLK


-XUXVDQ6LVWHP.RPSXWHU
)DNXOWDVLOPXNRPSXWHU
8QLYHUVLWDVVULZLMD\D
VLWLBQXUPDLQL#LONRPXQVULDFLG]DUNDVLKBVDNWL#\DKRRFRP


$EVWUDN

'DODP SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ DQDOLVLV SHOHWDNDQ VHQVRUMDUDN MHQLV XOWUDVRQLN
XQWXN NHSHUOXDQ QDYLJDVL QRQKRORQRPLF PRELOH URERW 6LVWHP URERW
PHQJJXQDNDQ  EXDK VHQVRU GHQJDQ SRVLVL SHOHWDNDQ GLEDJLDQ GHSDQ NDQDQ
GDQ NLUL 'DUL KDVLO SHQJXMLDQ  GLNHWDKXL EDKZD MDUDN GHWHNVL VHQVRU WHUKDGDS
KDODQJDQEHUXEDKVHVXDLNDUDNWHULVWLNGDQMHQLVKDODQJDQZDODXSXQSHUEHGDDQ
WLGDN WHUODOX MDXK MXJD GLNHWDKXL EDKZD WHJDQJDQ NHOXDUDQ VHQVRU EHUXEDK

XEDKVHVXDLGHQJDQMDUDNKDODQJDQGHQJDQNDWDODLQWHJDQJDQEHUEDQGLQJOXUXV
GHQJDQMDUDN(UURUXQWXNMDUDNKDOQJDQWHUGHNDWVGKDODQJDQWHUMDXKVHEHVDU
 8QWXN KDODQJDQ SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU  SDGD MDUDN FP  FP 
FPGDQFPWHUMDGLHUURUVHEHVDUGDQ

.DWDNXQFLPLNURNRQWUROHUVHQVRUXOWUDVRQLFHUURUSHOHWDNDQ


$EVWUDFW
,QWKLVUHVHDUFKZHDQDO\]HWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIGLVWDQFHXOWUDVRQLFVHQVRUIRU
QDYLJDWLRQRIQRQKRORQRPLFPRELOHURERW6\VWHPRIWKHURERWXVHHLJKWVHQVRUV
ORFDWHGLQWKHIURQWULJKWDQGOHIW)URPWKHH[SHULPHQWUHVXOWGHWHFWLRQRIWKH
GLVWDQFH VHQVRUV WR WKH REVWDFOH FKDQJHG DV WKH FKDUDFWHULVWLF DQG W\SH RI WKH
REVWDFOH DOWKRXJK WKHUH LV D OLWWOH ELW GLIIHUHQFHV DQG DOVR WKH RXWSXW RI WKH
VHQVRUVFKDQJHGDVWKHGLVWDQFHIURPWKHVHQVRUVWRWKHREVWDFOH(UURUIRUFORVHVW
GLVWDQFHWRWKHIXUWKHVWGLVWDQFHLV(UURUIRUZDOOREVWDFOHGLVWDQFH
LQFPFPFPDQGFPDUHDQG


.H\ZRUGVPRELOHURERWVHQVRUXOWUDVRQLNHUURUSHOHWDNDQ



GLNHPEDQJNDQ PHPLOLNL NHPDPSXDQ
OHELK
GDODP
LQWHUDNVL
GHQJDQ
OLQJNXQJDQQ\D $JDU GDSDW EHUQDYLJDVL
VHFDUD DXWRQRPRXV VHEXDK URERW PRELOH
\DQJ FHUGDV WHQWXQ\D KDUXV PDPSX
PHQJHQDOL NHDGDDQ OLQJNXQJDQ GLPDQD
URERW WHUVHEXW EHURSHUDVL PLVDO URERW
PRELOH \DQJ GLUDQFDQJ KDUXV PHPLOLNL

3(1'$+8/8$1
/DWDU%HODNDQJ
%HODNDQJDQ LQL SHUNHPEDQJDQ WHNQRORJL
VHQVRU \DQJ FXNXS SHVDW PHPEHULNDQ
GDPSDN SRVLWLI EDJL SHQJHPEDQJDQ
WHNQRORJL URERWLND VHKLQJJD URERW \DQJ




 ,U6LWL1XUPDLQL07/HNWRU)DNXOWDV,OPX.RPSXWHU
 $KPDG=DUNDVLK677HQDJD3HQJDMDU)DNXOWDV,OPX.RPSXWHU




-851$/,/0,$+*(1(5,&92/80(12025-$18$5,

NHPDPSXDQ PHQGHWHNVL REMHNREMHN
SHQJKDODQJ \DQJ EHUVLIDW VWDWLV PDXSXQ
GLQDPLV 8QWXN WXMXDQ WHUVHEXW PDND
VHEXDK URERW PRELOH KDUXV GLOHQJNDSL
GHQJDQ VHQVRU \DQJ GDSDW PHPHWDNDQ
OLQJNXQJDQ VHNHOLOLQJQ\D VHFDUD UHDO
WLPH
6DODKVDWXVHQVRU\DQJEDQ\DNGLJXQDNDQ
XQWXN KDO GLDWDVDGDODKVHQVRUVRQDUDWDX

XOWUDVRXQLN +DO LQL WHUNDLW GHQJDQ
NHPDPSXDQ MDQJNDXDQ GHWHNVLQ\D \DQJ
UHODWLYH MDXK WLQJNDW UDGLDVL \DQJ DPDQ
VHUWD KDUJD UHODWLYH PXUDK 7DSL
GLVDPSLQJ NHOHELKDQNHOHELKDQ WHUVHEXW
VHFDUD SUDNWLV DGD EHEHUDSD NHWHUEDWDVDQ
GDQ SHUPDVDODKDQ SHQWLQJ GDODP
PHQJLQWHUSUHWDVLNDQ
GDWD
KDVLO
SHPEDFDDQVHQVRULQLGLDQWDUDQ\DDGDODK
>@
 6HQVLWLILWDVGHWHNVLGDULVHQVRUVDQJDW
WHUJDQWXQJ GDUL EHVDU VXGXW \DQJ
GLEHQWXN ROHK VHQVRU GHQJDQ ELGDQJ
UHIOHNVL REMHN  MLND VXGXW \DQJ
GLEHQWXN WHUODOX EHVDU PDND VLQ\DO
WLGDN DNDQ WHUSDQWXO NH SHQHULPD
VHKLQJJD GLPXQJNLQNDQ REMHN WLGDN
DNDQ WHUGHWHNVL ROHK VHQVRU 6HPDNLQ

MDXK MDUDN REMHN \DQJ WHUGHWHNVL
PDND SRVLVL REMHN WHUVHEXW VHPDNLQ
WLGDN GLNHWDKXL VHFDUD SDVWL +DO LQL
WHUNDLW GHQJDQ ELGDQJ GHWHNVL \DQJ
EHUEHQWXN NHUXFXWGHQJDQSXVDWSDGD
VHQVRUWHUVHEXW
 -LND REMHN \DQJ GLGHWHNVL EHUXNXUDQ
EHVDU GDQ EHUEHQWXN WLGDN EHUDWXUDQ
DWDX MXPODKQ\D EDQ\DN PDND
GLPXQJNLQNDQ WHUMDGL SDQWXODQ
SDQWXODQ VHKLQJJD MDUDN \DQJ
WHUGHWHNVL ROHK VHQVRU WLGDN
PHUHIOHNVLNDQ MDUDN REMHN \DQJ
VHEHQDUQ\D

%HUNDLWDQ
GHQJDQ
SHUPDVDODKDQ
SHUPDVDODKDQ WHUVHEXW PDND NLWD WLGDN
GDSDWVHFDUDODQJVXQJ


PHQJLQWHSUHWDVLNDQ GDWD MDUDN \DQJ
GLKDVLONDQ VHQVRU VRQDU VHFDUD ODQJVXQJ
WDQSD SHQJRODKDQ DZDO PLVDO XQWXN
PHQJHWDKXL VHFDUD WHSDW SRVLVL DWDX
GLPHQVLGDULREMHN\DQJWHUGHWHNVL 

3HUXPXVDQ0DVDODK
3HOHWDNDQ SRVLVL XOWUDVRQLN \DQJ RSWLPDO
DNDQ VDQJDW EDLN XQWXN QDYLJDVL VXDWX
PRELOH URERW SHQJKLQGDU KDODQJDQ
NDUHQD URERW MHQLV LQL WLGDN KDQ\D
PHQJXQDNDQDWDXVHQVRUEDKNDQELVD
 VG  VHQVRU 6HGDQJNDQ MDQJNDXDQ
VXGXWSDQFDUGDQSHQHULPDVHQVRUVDQJDW
WHUEDWDV 8QWXN LWXODK  SHQHOLWL PHQFRED
XQWXN PHUDQFDQJ VXDWX VLVWHP PRELOH
URERW MHQLV QRQKRORQRPLF PHQJJXQDNDQ
 EXDK VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN \DQJ DNDQ
GLSDVDQJ VHFDUD WHSDW XQWXN PHPEHULNDQ

KDVLO \DQJ RSWLPDO GDUL SHQGHNWHVLDQ
KDODQJDQ SDGD OLQJNXQJDQ URERW \DQJ
GLEXDW
3HUPDVDODKDQ XWDPD \DQJ PHQMDGL
EDKDVDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DGDODK
PHQFDUL GDQ  SHQJDWXU SRVLVL \DQJ
RSWLPDO XQWXN  EXDK VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN
VHEDJDL SHQGHWHNVL KDODQJDQ SDGD URERW
SHQJKLQGDU KDODQJDQ JXQD PHQJKLQGDUL
WHUGDSDWQ\D UXDQJ NRVRQJ DQWDUD VHQVRU
XOWUDVRQLN
7DKDSDQ SHQJXMLDQ DGDODK VHEDJDL E
HULNXW
 3HUDQFDQJDQ VXDWX VLVWHP VHQVRU
MDUDNGHQJDQMHQLVXOWUDVRQLN
 3HQJDNWLIDQ VHQVRU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ
XQWXNNHSHUOXDQQDYLJDVLURERW
 3HQJXMLDQWHUKDGDSNHPDPSXDQNHUMD
GDULVHQVRUXOWUDVRQLN\DQJGLJXQDNDQ
SDGDEHUEDJDLNRQGLVLKDODQJDQ

 3HQJXMLDQ WHUKDGDS EHUEDJDL SRVLVL
VHQVRUXOWUDVRQLFXQWXNPHQFDULMDUDN
\DQJRSWLPDO
 3DGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PDVDODK GLEDWDVL
KDQ\D

1XUPDLQL =DUNDVLKVLVWHPQDYLJDVLQRQKRORQRPLF«


 3HQGHNWHVLDQEHVDUQ\DKDODQJDQ\DQJ
EHUDGD GL GHSDQQ\D VHKLQJJD GDSDW
PHQJKLQGDUL KDODQJDQ WHUVHEXW
GHQJDQEDLN
 SHQGHNWHVLDQ
DGDQ\D
EHORNDQ
ZDODXSXQ URERW PRELO VXGDK WHUODOX
EHUGHNDWDQGHQJDQVDODKVDWXVLVLGDUL
MDOXUMDODQ
 3HQGHWHNVLDQ

WHUKDGDS
DGDQ\D
EHORNDQ GDUL MDUDN \DQJ PDVLK MDXK
OHELK EDLN NDUHQD PHPSXQ\DL VXGXW
SDQWXODQ \DQJ OHELK NHFLO MLND
GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ MLND GLSDVDQJ
VHFDUDWLGDNEHUVLODQJDQ

7XMXDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
7XMXDQSHQHOLWLDQLQLDGDODK
 8QWXNPHUDQFDQJEDQJXQVXDWXURERW
PRELO SHQJKLQGDU KDODQJDQ  GHQJDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQ  EXDK VHQVRU
XOWUDVRQLN\DQJDNDQGLDWXUSRVLVLQ\D
VHKLQJJD PHQJKDVLONDQ SHOHWDNDQ
\DQJ RSWLPDOGDODPEHUEDJDL NRQGLVL
OLQJNXQJDQURERW
 0HQJHPEDQJNDQ ULVHW NHQGDOL SRVLVL
PHQJJXQDNDQVHQVRUXOWUDVRQLNXQWXN
NHSHUOXDQ QDYLJDVL GDQ PHQJHWDKXL

SDGD MDUDN EHUDSD VHQVRU EHNHUMD
OHELKDNXUDW


,0DQIDDW3HQHOLWLDQ
+DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DNDQ PHQJKDVLONDQ
VXDWX VLVWHP NHQGDOL SRVLVL XQWXN
NHSHUOXDQ QDYLJDVL SDGD PRELOH URERW
SHQJKLQGDU KDODQJDQ MHQLV QRQKRORQRPLF
GHQJDQ  PHQFDUL SHOHWDNDQ SRVLVL VHQVRU
\DQJSDOLQJRSWLPDOVHKLQJJDPHQJHWDKXL
MDUDN GHWHNVL \DQJ WHUEDLN GDUL VHQVRU
XOWUDVRQLN  DSDELOD GLLPSOHPHQWDVLNDQ
VHFDUD UHDO WLPH SDGD VXDWX MHQLV URERW
SHQJKLQGDU KDODQJDQ  VHQVRU GDSDW
PHQGHWHNVLKDODQJDQOHELKDNXUDW



7,1-$8$13867$.$

*HORPEDQJ8OWUDVRQLN
*HORPEDQJ
XOWUDVRQLN
PHUXSDNDQ
JHORPEDQJ PHNDQLN ORQJLWXGLQDO GHQJDQ
IUHNXHQVL GL DWDV  N+] *HORPEDQJ LQL
GDSDW PHUDPEDW GDODP PHGLXP SDGDW
FDLU GDQ JDV KDO GLVHEDENDQ NDUHQD
JHORPEDQJ
XOWUDVRQLN
PHUXSDNDQ
UDPEDWDQHQHUJLGDQPRPHQWXPPHNDQLN
VHKLQJJD PHUDPEDW VHEDJDL LQWHUDNVL
GHQJDQPROHNXOGDQVLIDWHQHUVLDPHGLXP
\DQJ GLODOXLQ\D    .DUDNWHULVWLN
JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN \DQJ PHODOXL
PHGLXP PHQJDNLEDWNDQ JHWDUDQ SDUWLNHO
GHQJDQPHGLXPDPSOLWXGRVHMDMDUGHQJDQ
DUDK UDPEDW VHFDUD ORQJLWXGLQDO VHKLQJJD
PHQ\HEDENDQ
SDUWLNHO
PHGLXP
PHPEHQWXNUDSDWDQ 6WUDLQ GDQWHJDQJDQ
6WUHVV 
3URVHV
NRQWLQX
\DQJ
PHQ\HEDENDQ WHUMDGLQ\D UDSDWDQ GDQ
UHJDQJDQ GL GDODP PHGLXP GLVHEDENDQ
ROHK JHWDUDQ SDUWLNHO VHFDUD SHULRGLN
VHODPDJHORPEDQJXOWUDVRQLNPHODOXLQ\D
 (QHUJL
'DQ
*HORPEDQJ8OWUDVRQLN

,QWHQVLWDV

-LND JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN PHUDPEDW
GDODP VXDWX PHGLXP PDND SDUWLNHO
0HGLXP PHQJDODPL SHUSLQGDKDQ HQHUJL
%HVDUQ\D HQHUJL JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN
\DQJGLPLOLNLSDUWLNHOPHGLXPDGDODK

( (S(N



 

'HQJDQ

(S HQHUJLSRWHQVLDO -RXOH 
N HQHUJLNLQHWLN -RXOH 

8QWXN PHQJKLWXQJ LQWHQVLWDV JHORPEDQJ
XOWUDVRQLN SHUOX PHQJHWDKXL HQHUJL \DQJ
GLEDZD ROHK JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN
,QWHQVLWDV JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN  , 
DGDODK HQHUJL \DQJ PHOHZDWL OXDV

SHUPXNDDQ PHGLXP  P V DWDX

ZDWWP  8QWXN VHEXDK SHUPXNDDQ

-851$/,/0,$+*(1(5,&92/80(12025-$18$5,

LQWHQVLWDV JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN  , 
GLEHULNDQGDODPEHQWXNSHUVDPDDQ



,  U 9$  SI ò= $ Z 



  
'HQJDQ
U PDVVDMHQLVPHGLXPNJP  
I IUHNXHQVL +] 


Y NHFHSDWDQJHORPEDQJ PV 

9 YROXPH P 
$ DPSOLWXGRPDNVLPXP P 

=  U Y LPSHGDQVL$NXVWLN NJP V 
Z   S I IUHNXHQVLVXGXW UDGV 

6LIDW*HORPEDQJ8OWUDVRQLN
*HORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN PHPSXQ\DL VLIDW
PHPDQWXO GLWHUXVNDQ GDQ GLVHUDS ROHK
VXDWX
PHGLXPMDULQJDQ
$SDELOD
JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN LQL PHQJHQDL
SHUPXNDDQ MDULQJDQ PDND VHEDJLDQ GDUL
JHORPEDQJ
XOWUDVRQLN
LQL
DNDQ
GLSDQWXONDQ GDQ VHEDJLDQ ODJL DNDQ
GLWHUXVNDQGLWUDQVPLVLNDQ .DUDNWHULVWLN
JHORPEDQJ XOWUDVRQLN \DQJ PHODOXL
PHGLXP PHQJDNLEDWNDQ JHWDUDQ SDUWLNHO
GHQJDQ PHGLXP DPSOLWXGR VHMDMDU
GHQJDQ DUDK UDPEDW VHFDUD ORQJLWXGLQDO
VHKLQJJD PHQ\HEDENDQ SDUWLNHO PHGLXP
PHPEHQWXNUDSDWDQ VWUDLQ GDQWHJDQJDQ
VWUHVV 
3URVHV
NRQWLQX
\DQJ
PHQ\HEDENDQ WHUMDGLQQ\D UDSDWDQ GDQ
UHJDQJDQ GLGDODP PHGLXP GLVHEDENDQ
ROHK JHWDUDQ SDUWLNHO VHFDUD SHULRGLN
VHODPDJHORPEDQJXOWUDVRQLNPHODOXLQ\D









*DPEDU*HORPEDQJXOWUDVRQLN
GDWDQJQRUPDOSDGDELGDQJEDWDV
PHGLXPGDQPHGLXP

1RQKRORQRPLF0RELOH5RERW
0RELOHURERW\DQJGLJXQDNDQGDODPULVHW
LQL DGDODK MHQLV FDUOLNH PRELOH URERW
\DQJ EHURGD WLJD GDQ EHUJHUDN SDGD
ELGDQJ KRUL]RQWDO 0RELOH URERW LQL
PHPLOLNL WLJD EXDK URGD GXD URGD
EHODNDQJ GLJHUDNNDQ GHQJDQ PRWRU '&
GDQ VDWX URGD SDVLI DWDX FDVWRU ZKHHO
SDGD EDJLDQ GHSDQ *DPEDU 
PHPSHUOLKDWNDQ PRGHO GDUL PRELOH URERW
SDGD ULVHW LQL VHGDQJNDQ LQSXW XQWXN
VLVWHP WHUVHEXW DGDODK GXD EXDK WRUVL 7 
GDQ 7  \DQJ GLKDVLONDQ ROHK GXD PRWRU
'&SHQJJHUDNURGDEHODNDQJ





*DPEDU0RGHO0RELOH5RERW

'DUL PRGHO FDUOLNH PRELOH URERW SDGD
JDPEDU  GLDWDV PDND SHUVDPDDQ
GLQDPLVVLVWHPGLEHULNDQROHK


O
­
[
VLQ I  EX FRV I
° 
P
°
O
°
\
FRV I  EX VLQ I 
® 
P
°
°I EX
°
¯
  

GLPDQD

E



UP

1XUPDLQL =DUNDVLKVLVWHPQDYLJDVLQRQKRORQRPLF«


E
X
X

O

SRVWXU NRQILJXUDVL  URERW 3RVWXU URERW



U,
7  7 

WHUVHEXW T

7  7 
 PI [ FRV I  \ VLQ I 



P
 0DVVDURERW
 ,QHUVLDPRELOHURERW
,
X  X   .HQGDOLLQSXW

O

 3HQJDOL/DJUDQJH


3DGD SHUV  GLDWDV E GDQ E DGDODK
NRQVWDQWD \DQJ WLGDN GLNHWDKXL GHQJDQ
QLODL SRODULWDV \DQJ GLNHWDKXL GHQJDQ
DVXPVL
EDKZD
WDQGD
SRODULWDV
E GDQ E GLSHUROHK PHODOXL SHUKLWXQJDQ
UXPXV GHQJDQ PHPDVXNNDQ QLODL PDVVD
PRPHQ LQHUVLD UDGLXV URGD GDQ MDUDN
DQWDUD URGD EHODNDQJ URERW 3HUV 
DGDODK EDWDVDQ QRQKRORQRPLF XQWXN
PRELOH URERW GHQJDQ DVXPVL URGD WLGDN
VOLS
)XQJVL
YHNWRU
WULSOHW

T W

ª¬ [ W  \ W  I W º¼ PHQXQMXNND
7

Q WUDMHFWRU\ SRVLVL GDQ RULHQWDVL  URERW
WHUKDGDS ELGDQJ NHUMD \DQJ WHODK
GLWHWDSNDQ 3DGD VHWLDS ZDNWX \DQJ WHODK
GLWHWDSNDQ T

> [ \  I @

7

T

> [ \  I @

 GDQ WXUXQDQQ\D

7
ª¬ [  \  Iº¼ GLMDGLNDQVHEDJDLIHHGEDFN

EDJLVLVWHP

0(72'2/2*,3(1(/,7,$1
3DGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL REMHN \DQJ GLMDGLNDQ
XNXUDQ XQWXN PHQHQWXNDQ MDUDN GDUL
VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN WHUVHEXW DGDODK PRELOH
URERW MHQLV QRQKRORQRPLF 3HUJHUDNDQ
GDUL URERW WHUVHEXW DGDODK PHUXSDNDQ
QDYLJDVL GDUL REMHN GDQ VHODQMXWQ\D DNDQ
GLOLKDW EDJDLPDQD NLQHUMD GDUL VHQVRU
WHUVHEXW

7HPSDW3HQHOLWLDQ
3HQHOLWLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ GL /DERUDWRULXP
5RERWLND GDQ 6LVWHP .HQGDOL -XUXVDQ
6LVWHP .RPSXWHU )DNXOWDV ,OPX
.RPSXWHU8QVULGHQJDQSHQJXMLDQVHFDUD
UHDOWLPH

'LDJUDP%ORN3HQHOLWLDQ
6HEHOXP PHQHQWXNDQ SRVLVL VHQVRU
VHEDLNQ\D NLWD OLKDW GLDJUDP GDUL VLVWHP
NHUMD VHQVRU VHKLQJJD GDODP SHQHQWXDQ
SRVLVLVHQVRUGDSDWGLODNXNDQGHQJDQEDLN

PHQJJDPEDUNDQ














*DPEDU'LDJUDPEORNVHQVRUXOWUDVRQLN


7

-851$/,/0,$+*(1(5,&92/80(12025-$18$5,

6HQVRU XOWUD VRQLF GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN
PHQGHWHNVL EHQGD GDODP MDQJNDXDQ
VHQVRU NHPXGLDQ GDWD GDUL VHQVRU
GLPDVXNNDQ NH PFX SLFI 6HODLQ
VHEDJDL PHQHULPD LQSXW SLFI MXJD
EHUSHUDQ VHEDJDL SHPEDQJNLW IUHNXHQVL
XOWUDVRQLF 6HWHODK GDWD GDUL VHQVRU
GLSURVHV
PDND
SLFI
DNDQ
PHQJHOXDUNDQGDWDLQSXWNHPFXDWF
\DQJPHUXSDNDQNHQGDULSXVDW'DWD\DQJ
GLGDSDW  NHPXGLDQ GLSURVHV XQWXN
PHQHQWXNDQ DSD \DQJ KDUXV GLNHUMDNDQ
NHGXDPRWRUGF0LVDOQ\DEHORNPXQGXU
PDMX DWDX PDQXYHU ODLQ\D 8QWXN
PHQHQWXNDQ JHUDN PRWRU GF GLJXQDNDQ
VHEXDKPFXSLFI

'HQJDQ SHOHWDNDQ VHQVRU \DQJ GLDWXU
VHEDJDLEHULNXW
'HSDQ
'LJXQDNDQ XQWXN QDYLJDVL REMHN
GLGHSDQ URERW JXQD PHQJKLQGDUL
EHQWXUDQ GDUL   GHSDQ NHWLND VHQVRU
GHSDQ GDQ NDQDQ PHQGHWHNVL REMHN
PDND URERW DNDQ EHUJHUDN NHVHEHODK
NLULEHJLWXSXQVHEDOLNQ\D
.DQDQ
8QWXN PHQGHWHNVLREMHN \DQJEHUDGD
GLVHEHODK NDQDQ URERW NHWLND VHQVRU
NDQDQ PHQGHWHNVL KDODQJDQ PDND
URERW DNDQ PHQJKLQGDU NHNLUL
SRVLVLQ\D   GDULVHQVRUGHSDQ
.LUL
8QWXN PHQGHWHNVLREMHN \DQJEHUDGD
GL NLUL URERW .HWLND VHQVRU NLUL
PHQGHWHNVL REMHN PDND URERW DNDQ
EHUJHUDN NH NDQDQ SRVLVLQ\D   
GDULVHQVRUGHSDQ


+$6,/'$13(0%$+$6$1

3HQJXMLDQ VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN PHOLSXWL
SHQJXMLDQ SHUDQJNDW NHUDV GLVHUWDL
SHQJXMLDQ SUDQJNDW OXQDN 3HQJXMLDQ
GLODNXNDQ
SHUEDJLDQ
XQWXN
PHPSHUPXGDK GDODP PHQJDQDOLVLV KDVLO

SHUDQFDQJDQ GDQ KDVLO SHQJXMLDQ \DQJ
GLODNXNDQ
%DJLDQEDJLDQ\DQJGLXMLDGDODK
 5DQJNDLDQVHQVRUXOWUDVRQLN
 5DQJNDLDQ
LQWHUIHUHQVL
VHQVRU
XOWUDVRQLN
 3HQJXMLDQVLVWHPVHFDUDNHVHOXUXKDQ

3HQJXMLDQ6HQVRU8OWUDVRQLN
3HQJXMLDQ VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN GLODNXNDQ
XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ MDUDN WHUGHNDW GDQ
WHUMDXK
%HUGDVDUNDQ
NHPDPSXDQ
MDQJNDXDQ KDODQJDQ VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN
MDUDN WHUGHNDW DGDODK  FP GDQ MDUDN
WHUMDXK DGDODK  P -DQJNDXDQ MDUDN LQL
GLNRQYHUVLNDQ NHGDODP GDWD GLJLWDO
GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ  PLNURNUROHU
3,&)8QWXNMHODVQ\DGDSDWNLWDOLKDW
GLGDODP*DPEDU












*DPEDU3HQJXMLDQ-DQJNDXDQ
+DODQJDQ6HQVRU8OWUDVRQLN

'DUL *DPEDU  VXGXW GHYLDVL SDQFDUDQ
JHORPEDQJXOWUDVRQLNDGDODKWHUKDGDS
KDODQJDQ ; +DODQJDQ ; SRVLVLQ\D
GDSDW GLXEDKXEDK XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ
MDUDN \DQJ GLXML  'DWD KDVLO SHQJXMLDQ
GDSDWGLOLKDWGDODP7DEHO

7DEHO'DWD+DVLO3HQJXMLDQ6HQVRU
8OWUDVRQLN





1XUPDLQL =DUNDVLKVLVWHPQDYLJDVLQRQKRORQRPLF«


'DODP 7DEHO  WHUGDSDW VHOLVLK DQWDUD
GDWD UHIHUHQVL VHQVRU GDQ GDWD KDVLO
SHQJXMLDQ6HKLQJJDHUURU\DQJGLSHUROHK
XQWXN PDVLQJPDVLQJ GDWD DGDODK XQWXN
MDUDN WHUGHNDW VHEHVDU  MDUDN
WHUMDXKVLQ\DOSDOLQJGHNDW
VLQ\DO VHGDQJ  GDQ VLQ\DO SDOLQJ
MDXK

/HEDU MDQJNDXDQ VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN
GDULKDVLOSHQJXMLDQDGDODKFPVG
FP EHUDUWL MDUDN \DQJ GL NRQYHUVLNDQ
VHEHVDUFPVGFPGDQOHEDUGDWD
0&8 DGDODK ' VG '  -DQJNDXDQ
MDUDN\DQJGLSHUROHKKDUXVGLNRQYHUVLNDQ
NHGDODP ELODQJDQ KH[DGHVLPDO DWDX
ELODQJDQ GHVLPDO +DO LQL EHUDUWL MDUDN
FP KDUXV GLNRQYHUVLNDQ NHGDODP
VLQ\DO GLJLWDO VHKLQJJD XQWXN  ELW GDWD
GLJLWDOEHUMDUDNFP

 3HQJXMLDQ ,QWHUSHUHQVL 6HQVRU
8OWUDVRQLN
3HQJXMLDQ
LQL
EHUWXMXDQ
XQWXN
PHPGDSDWNDQ EHVDUQ\D GDWD LQWHUIHUHQVL
GDQ VXGXW RSWLPDO GDUL  EXDK VHQVRU
XOWUDVRQLN'DODPSHQJXMLDQLQLKDODQJDQ
DNDQ GLOHWDNNDQ SDGD MDUDN FP FP
FPGDQFPGHQJDQSRVLVLSHOHWDNDQ
KDODQJDQ GLGHSDQ GDQ GLVDPSLQJVHQVRU
3HUPXNDDQ KDODQJDQ DGD GXD MHQLV \DLWX
GDWDU GDQ VLOLQGHU GHQJDQ EHUEDJDL
XNXUDQ

 3HQJXMLDQ ,QWHUIHUHQVL 6HQVRU
8OWUDVRQLNXQWXN3RVLVL+DODQJDQ


 +DODQJDQ GHQJDQ 3HUPXNDDQ
'DWDU
3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ
PHOHWDNNDQKDODQJDQWHJDNOXUXVWHUKDGDS
VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN GHQJDQ NDWD ODLQ SDGD
SRVLVL   8QWXN MHODVQ\D GDSDW GLOLKDW
GDODP *DPEDU  'DODP *DPEDU 
SRVLVL KDODQJDQ DGDODK ; EHVDU VXGXW
DQWDUVHQVRUXOWUDVRQLNDGDODKVG
GDQEHVDUQ\DVXGXW GHYLDVLVHQVRUDGDODK

VHGDQJNDQ;DGDODKSRVLVLKDODQJDQ
GHQJDQEHVDUVXGXWVG
/DQJNDKSHQJDPELODQGDWDDGDODKGHQJDQ
FDUDPHOHWDNNDQKDODQJDQ;SDGDSRVLVL
FPFPFPGDQFGHQJDQGDWD
UHIHUHQVL XQWXN MDUDN WHUVHEXW EHUWXUXW
WXUXW DGDODK %+ + + GDQ (+
'DUL SRVLVL WHUVHEXW GDSDW GLNHWDKXL
EHUDSDNDK GDWD LQWHUIHUHQVL XQWXN VXGXW
VXGXW \DQJ PHQMDGL DFXDQ +DVLO
SHQJXMLDQGDSDWGLOLKDWGDODP7DEHO














*DPEDU3RVLVL6HQVRU8OWDUDVRQLN
GDQ+DODQJDQ

3DGD KDODQJDQ GHQJDQ SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU
GHQJDQ OHEDU SHQDPSDQJ FP GDQ 
FP SDGD  VXGXW  VDPSDL GHQJDQ 
LQWHUIHUHQVL EHUQLODL  KDO LQL
GLVHEDENDQ EDKZD VXGXW  GDQ 
EHUDGD GDODP NDZDVDQ VXGXW HOHYDVL
VHQVRU XQWUDVRQLN 6HKLQJJD HUURU \DQJ
GLKDVLONDQDGDODK
3DGD VXGXW  VDPSDL GHQJDQ  SDGD
SHUPXNDDQ \DQJ VDPD XQWXN MDUDN ;
FP WLGDN WHUGDSDW LQWHUIHUHQVL SDGD
VHQVRUWDUJHWKDOLQLGLVHEDENDQMDUDN;
SDGD VHQVRU UHIHUHQVL WLGDN EHUDGD GDODP
NDZDVDQ VXGXW HOHYDVL VHQVRU XOWUDVRQLN
6HGDQJNDQ XQWXN MDUDN ; FP
LQWHUIHUHQVL K GHQJDQ HUURU 
MDUDNFP LQWHUIHUHQVLK GHQJDQ HUURU
GDQMDUDNFPLQWHUIHUHQVLK
GHQJDQHUURU


-851$/,/0,$+*(1(5,&92/80(12025-$18$5,

7DEHO+DVLO3HQJXMLDQ6HQVRUXQWXN+DODQJDQ'DWDU




























3DGD VXGXW  SDGD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU
GHQJDQ OHEDU SHQDPSDQJ FP WLGDN
WHUMDGL LQWHUIHUHQVL KDO LQL GLVHEDENDQ
SRVLVL VHQVRU VXGDK WHUODOX MDXK GDUL
MDQJNDXDQ VXGXW HOHYDVL XQWXN MDUDN
SHQJXMLDQ FP 6HGDQJNDQ XQWXN
SHUPXNDDQ  FP SDGD MDUDN  FP
LQWHUIHUHQVL DK GHQJDQ HUURU 
SDGD MDUDN FP LQWHUIHUHQVL K GHQJDQ
HUURUGDQMDUDNFPLQWHUIHUHQVL
KGHQJDQHUURU








 +DODQJDQ GHQJDQ 3HPXNDDQ
6LOLQGHU
3DGD VXGXW KDODQJDQ   VDPSDL GHQJDQ
 GDWD \DQJ GLSHUROHK VDPD GHQJDQ
SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU 3DGD VXGXW  SDGD
MDUDN KDODQJDQ FP WLGDN WHUMDGL
LQWHUIHUHQVL XQWXN WLDSWLDS VLOLQGHU +DO
LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ WHUMDGLQ\D SHPELDVDQ
DWDX SHPEHORNDQ JHORPEDQJ SDQWXO
VHQVRUXOWUDVRQLN
3DGD VXGXW KDODQJDQ  VDPSDL GHQJDQ
 WLGDN WHUMDGL LQWHUIHUHQVL +DO LQL
GLVHEDENDQ SHPELDVDQ JHORPEDQJ SDQWXO
GDQMDUDN;WLGDNEHUDGDGDODPNDZDVDQ
VXGXWHOHYDVLVHQVRU


1XUPDLQL =DUNDVLKVLVWHPQDYLJDVLQRQKRORQRPLF«



7DEHO+DVLO3HQJXMLDQ6HQVRUXQWXN+DODQJDQ6LOLQGHU


























 3HQJXMLDQ ,QWHUIHUHQVL 6HQVRU
8OWUDVRQLNXQWXN3RVLVL+DODQJDQ;

 +DODQJDQ GHQJDQ 3HUPXNDDQ
'DWDU
;PHUXSDNDQKDODQJDQ\DQJDNDQGLDWXU
SRVLVLQ\D EHUGDVDUNDQ NHWHQWXDQ \DLWX
FP FP FP GDQ  FP
3HUPXNDDQKDODQJDQWHUGLULDWDVGXDMHQLV
GDWDUGDQVLOLQGHU8QWXNVXGXWSHOHWDNDQ

'DODP JDPEDU SRVLVL KDODQJDQ WHSDW
EHUDGDSDGD;DWDXSDGDVLVLNDQDQGDQ
NLUL GDUL VHQVRU UHIHUHQVL DWX EHUDGD GL
WHQJDKWHQJDKDQWDUDVHQVRUUHIHUHQVLGDQ
VHQVRUWDUJHW+DOLQLEHUDUWLNHGXDVHQVRU
VDOLQJ
PHPEHULNDQ
LQWHUIHUHQVL
JHORPEDQJ SDQWXO 3HQJXMLDQ LQL
GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL DSDNDK
LQWHUIHUHQVL PDVLK GDSDW WHUMDGL ELOD
VHQVRUWLGDNEHUDGDWHSDWGLGHSDQVHQVRU
UHIHUHQVL GDQ PHQJHWDKXL GDWD UHIHUHQVL
\DQJGLKDVLONDQ

KDODQJDQ ;  DGDODK      GDQ
VHGDQJNDQVXGXWVHQVRUWDUJHWDGDODK
     GDQ  'DWD UHIHUHQVL
VHWLDS VXGXW KDODQJDQ ; EHUXEDKXEDK
WHUKDGDS MDUDN SHQJXMLDQ KDO LQL
GLVHEDENDQ VHPDNLQ MDXKQ\D VXGXW
KDODQJDQ GHQJDQ VXGXW HOHYDVL VHQVRU
UHIHUHQVL 'DWD KDVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW
GLOLKDWGDODP7DEHO







-851$/,/0,$+*(1(5,&92/80(12025-$18$5,




7DEHO+DVLO3HQJXMLDQ6HQVRUXQWXN+DODQJDQ'DWDU











'DUL7DEHOSDGDVXGXWKDODQJDQ;
 WHUMDGL LQWHUIHUHQVL VHEHVDU 
XQWXNVHPXDMDUDNSHQJXMLDQ3DGDVXGXW
KDODQJDQ ;  SDGD MDUDN FP
LQWHUIHUHQVL FK GHQJDQ HUURU 
MDUDNFP LQWHUIHUHQVLK GHQJDQ HUURU
 MDUDN FP LQWHUIHUHQVL K
GHQJDQ HUURU  GDQ MDUDN FP
LQWHUIHUHQVLGGHQJDQHUURU3DGD
VXGXWKDODQJDQ; SDGDMDUDNFP

GDQ  FP WLGDN WHUGDSDW LQWHUIHUHQVL
NDUHQD SRVLVL KDODQJDQ GLOXDU MDQJNDXDQ
VXGXW HOHYDVL VHQVRU -DUDN FP
LQWHUIHUHQVLHKGHQJDQHUURUGDQ
MDUDN FP LQWHUIHUHQVL DK GHQJDQ HUURU


 +DODQJDQ GHQJDQ 3HUPXNDDQ
6LOLQGHU



7DEHO+DVLO3HQJXMLDQ6HQVRUXQWXN+DODQJDQ6LOLQGHU














1XUPDLQL =DUNDVLKVLVWHPQDYLJDVLQRQKRORQRPLF«


'DODP7DEHOSDGDVXGXWVDPSDL
GHQJDQ  GDWD \DQJ GL KDVLONDQ VDPD
GHQJDQ GDWD SDGD SHQJXMLDQ SDGD
SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU 3DGD VXGXW  MDUDN
FP GDQ  FP WLGDN WHUGDSDW GDWD
UHIHUHQVL GDQ GDWD LQWHUIHUHQVL KDO LQL
GLVHEDENDQ SDGD MDUDN WHUVHEXW KDODQJDQ
WLGDNEHUDGDGDODPNDZDVDQVXGXWHOHYDVL
VHQVRU

.(6,038/$1'$16$5$1
.HVLPSXODQ
 (UURU \DQJ WHUMDGL XQWXN PDVLQJ
PDVLQJ GDWD DGDODK XQWXN MDUDN
WHUGHNDW VHEHVDU  MDUDN WHUMDXK
 VLQ\DO SDOLQJ GHNDW 
VLQ\DO VHGDQJ  GDQ VLQ\DO
SDOLQJMDXK
 3HUJHVHUDQ VXGXW DQWDUD VHQVRU
UHIHUHQVL GHQJDQ VHQVRU WDUJHW GL
PXODL GDUL VXGXW  NHPXGLDQ
GLJHVHU VHEDQ\DN  VDPSDL VDPSDL
GHQJDQ+DOLQLGLVHEDENDQSDGD
VXGXW  VXGDK WLGDN WHUMDGL
LQWHUIHUHQVLODJL
 8QWXN KDODQJDQ SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU
SDGD VXGXW KDODQJDQ  WHUMDGL
LQWHUIHUHQVL VHEHVDU  XQWXN
VHPXD MDUDN SHQJXMLDQ 3DGD VXGXW
KDODQJDQ  SDGD MDUDN FP
LQWHUIHUHQVLFKGHQJDQHUURU
MDUDN FP LQWHUIHUHQVL K GHQJDQ
HUURU  MDUDN FP LQWHUIHUHQVL
K GHQJDQ HUURU  GDQ MDUDN
FP LQWHUIHUHQVL G GHQJDQ HUURU
  3DGD VXGXW KDODQJDQ  
SDGD MDUDN FP GDQ  FP WLGDN
WHUGDSDW LQWHUIHUHQVL NDUHQD SRVLVL
KDODQJDQ GLOXDU MDQJNDXDQ VXGXW
HOHYDVL
VHQVRU
-DUDN
FP
LQWHUIHUHQVLHKGHQJDQHUURU
GDQ MDUDN FP LQWHUIHUHQVL DK
GHQJDQHUURU
 8QWXN +DODQJDQ SHUPXNDDQ VLOLQGHU
SDGD VXGXW   VDPSDL GHQJDQ 
GDWD \DQJ GL KDVLONDQ VDPD GHQJDQ

GDWDSDGDSHQJXMLDQSDGDSHUPXNDDQ
GDWDU3DGDVXGXWMDUDNFPGDQ
 FP WLGDN WHUGDSDW GDWD UHIHUHQVL
GDQ GDWD LQWHUIHUHQVL KDO LQL
GLVHEDENDQ SDGD MDUDN WHUVHEXW
KDODQJDQWLGDNEHUDGDGDODPNDZDVDQ
VXGXWHOHYDVLVHQVRU

6DUDQ
'DODP SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GDWD \DQJ GLDPELO
KDQ\D EHUGDVDUNDQ SHUJHUDNDQ KDODQJDQ
VHGDQJDQ URERW VHQGLUL GDODP NHDGDDQ
GLDP VHKLQJJD GDWD \DQJ GLGDSDW DGDODK
EHUXSD GDWD VWDWLV 8QWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ
GDWD \DQJ OHQJNDS VHEDLNQ\D URERW MXJD
GLEXDWEHUJHUDN


'$)7$53867$.$

%XGLKDUWR :LGRGR  0HPEXDW
5RERW&HUGDV-DNDUWD(OH[0HGLD
.RPSXWLQGR
-XQDHGL 0XFKDPPDG  5RERW
3HQGHWHNVL 3HUSLQGDKDQ 2EMHN
'HQJDQ8OWUDVRQLN6XUDED\D
,76
3LWRZDUQR (QGUD  5RERWLND
'HVDLQ .RQWURO 'DQ .HFHUGDVDQ
%XDWDQ