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C++ Language Tutorial

Written by: Juan Soulié
Last revision: June, 2007

Available online at:
The online version is constantly revised and may contain corrections and changes

The C++ Language Tutorial

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The C++ Language Tutorial

Table of contents
Table of contents ...............................................................................................................................3
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................5
Instructions for use ................................................................................................................................... 5
Basics of C++ ......................................................................................................................................7
Structure of a program ............................................................................................................................. 7
Variables. Data Types. ............................................................................................................................. 11
Constants ................................................................................................................................................ 17
Operators ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Basic Input/Output.................................................................................................................................. 29
Control Structures ............................................................................................................................ 34
Control Structures ................................................................................................................................... 34
Functions (I) ............................................................................................................................................ 41
Functions (II) ........................................................................................................................................... 47
Compound data types ...................................................................................................................... 54
Arrays ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
Character Sequences .............................................................................................................................. 60
Pointers ................................................................................................................................................... 63
Dynamic Memory.................................................................................................................................... 74
Data structures........................................................................................................................................ 77

Other Data Types .................................................................................................................................... 82
Object Oriented Programming.......................................................................................................... 86
Classes (I)................................................................................................................................................. 86
Classes (II) ............................................................................................................................................... 95
Friendship and inheritance ................................................................................................................... 100
Polymorphism ....................................................................................................................................... 107
Advanced concepts ........................................................................................................................ 113
Templates.............................................................................................................................................. 113
Namespaces .......................................................................................................................................... 120
Exceptions ............................................................................................................................................. 123
Type Casting .......................................................................................................................................... 127

The C++ Language Tutorial

Preprocessor directives......................................................................................................................... 133
C++ Standard Library ...................................................................................................................... 138
Input/Output with files ......................................................................................................................... 138

The C++ Language Tutorial

Introduction

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Basics of C++

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// my first program in C++

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#include
using namespace std;
int main ()
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The C++ Language Tutorial

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using namespace std;
int main ()
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// classes example
#include
using namespace std;

area: 12

class CRectangle {
int x, y;
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void set_values (int,int);
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void CRectangle::set_values (int a, int b) {
x = a;
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int main () {
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