T BING 1201552 Table of content
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE OF APPROVAL ........................................................................................ ii
DECLARATION PAGE...................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ x
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
1.1
Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1
1.2
Research Questions ........................................................................................ 3
1.3
Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................... 3
1.4
Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 3
1.5
Definition of the Key Terms .......................................................................... 4
1.6
Thesis Organization ....................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEWS ........................................................ 6
2.1
Assessment .................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Definition of Assessment .......................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Basic Principles of Assessment ................................................................. 8
2.1.3 Types of Assessment ............................................................................... 10
2.2
Dynamic Assessment ................................................................................... 13
2.2.1 Definition of Dynamic Assessment ......................................................... 13
2.2.2 Basic Principles of Dynamic Assessment ............................................... 15
2.2.3 Advantages of Dynamic Assessment ...................................................... 17
2.2.4 Models of Dynamic Assessment ............................................................. 20
2.2.4.1 Interventionist Dynamic Assessment .............................................. 21
2.2.4.2 Interactionist Dynamic Assessment ................................................. 22
2.2.4.3 Cake and Sandwich Formats of Dynamic Assessment.................... 25
vi
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.5 Criticism of Dynamic Assessment .......................................................... 26
2.3
Reading Comprehension .............................................................................. 28
2.3.1 Definition of Reading Comprehension.................................................... 28
2.3.2 Reading Comprehension Skills ............................................................... 29
2.3.3 Teaching Reading Comprehension ......................................................... 33
2.3.4 Assessing Reading Comprehension ........................................................ 35
2.4
Dynamic Assessment and Reading Comprehension Skills ......................... 37
2.4.1. Dynamic Assessment and its Relation to Reading Comprehension....... 37
2.4.2 Procedures of Applying Dynamic Assessment in Reading Classroom
..................................................................................................................39
2.5
Students’ Opinions in Language Learning in Classroom ............................ 42
2.6
Previous Studies .......................................................................................... 44
2.7
Conclusion of the Chapter ........................................................................... 46
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 47
3.1
Research Design .......................................................................................... 47
3.2
Research Site and Participants ..................................................................... 48
3.3
Techniques of Data Collection .................................................................... 48
3.3.1 Classroom Observation ........................................................................... 48
3.3.2 Interview .................................................................................................. 49
3.3.3 Tests......................................................................................................... 50
3.4
Techniques of Data Analysis ....................................................................... 51
3.4.1 Analysis of Data from Classroom Observation ....................................... 52
3.4.2 Analysis of Data from Interview ............................................................. 53
3.4.3 Analysis of Data from Tests .................................................................... 54
3.5
Conclusion of the Chapter ........................................................................... 54
CHAPTER IV: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT
..................................................................................................................... 55
4.1
The Implementation of Dynamic Assessment on Reading Comprehension
Performance .......................................................................................................... 55
vii
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1 Administering the Pretest ........................................................................ 56
4.1.2 The Mediation Program........................................................................... 57
4.1.2.1Mediational
Strategies
in
Dynamic
Assessment
Reading
Comprehension ................................................................................ 59
4.1.2.2 Dynamic Assessment in the Teaching of Reading .......................... 74
4.1.3 Administering the Posttest....................................................................... 92
4.1.4 Summary of the Implementation of Dynamic Assessment ..................... 93
4.2
Textual Analysis of Students’ Test Results ................................................. 94
4.2.1 Analysis of Tests’ Results ....................................................................... 94
4.2.2 Summary of Students’ Test Results ........................................................ 98
4.3
Conclusion of the Chapter ........................................................................... 99
CHAPTER V STUDENTS’ OPINIONS ON DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT .. 100
5.1
Students’ Opinions on Dynamic Assessment ............................................ 100
5.2
Students’ Suggestions on Dynamic Assessment ....................................... 109
5.3
Summary of Students’ Opinions on Dynamic Assessment ....................... 110
5.4
Conclusion of the Chapter ......................................................................... 111
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION OF THE STUDY AND
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE FUTURE RESEARCH ........................ 112
6.1
Conclusions ... ........................................................................................... 112
6.2
Limitation of the Study .............................................................................. 113
6.3
Recommendation for Future Research ...................................................... 115
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 116
APPENDICES . .................................................................................................127
Appendix 1a: Reading Comprehension Test (Pretest) ........................................ 127
Appendix 1b: Reading Comprehension Test (Posttest) ...................................... 136
Appendix 2: Example of Progress Tests ............................................................. 144
viii
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Appendix 3: Mediation Design Programs in Reading Comprehension Classroom
.................... ......................................................................................................... 150
Appendix 4: Classroom Observation Format ...................................................... 151
Appendix 5: Condensed Field Notes from Classroom Observation of Mediation
Program in Dynamic Assessment ....................................................................... 152
Appendix 6: Example of Reading Texts Materials and Its Practices .................. 156
Appendix 7: Interview Guideline ........................................................................ 167
Appendix 8: Example of Interview ..................................................................... 168
Appendix 9: Students' Test Results......................................................................176
ix
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The Differences between Traditional and Alternatives Assessment .... 12
Table 4.1 Students’ Means Scores ........................................................................ 95
Table 4.2 Pair Test Pretest – Progress 1 ................................................................ 96
Table 4.3 Pair Test Progress 1 - Progress 2 .......................................................... 96
Table 4.4 Pair Test Progress 2 – Post Test ............................................................ 96
Table 4.5 Pair Test Progress 1 - Posttests ............................................................. 96
Table 4.6 Pair Test PreTest – Progress 2 .............................................................. 96
Table 4.7 Pair Pretest – Post Test ......................................................................... 97
x
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Regulatory Scale –Implicit (strategies) to Explicit ............................ 24
Figure 2.2 Dynamic Assessment Procedure in Classroom .................................. 42
Figure 3.1 Typology of Mediator’s Strategies Occurred during Dynamic
Assessment Impelementation in Reading Classroom ....................... 52
Figure 4.1 Mediation Typology in Dynamic Assessment of Reading
Comprehension .................................................................................................... 59
xi
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PAGE OF APPROVAL ........................................................................................ ii
DECLARATION PAGE...................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ x
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
1.1
Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1
1.2
Research Questions ........................................................................................ 3
1.3
Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................... 3
1.4
Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 3
1.5
Definition of the Key Terms .......................................................................... 4
1.6
Thesis Organization ....................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEWS ........................................................ 6
2.1
Assessment .................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Definition of Assessment .......................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Basic Principles of Assessment ................................................................. 8
2.1.3 Types of Assessment ............................................................................... 10
2.2
Dynamic Assessment ................................................................................... 13
2.2.1 Definition of Dynamic Assessment ......................................................... 13
2.2.2 Basic Principles of Dynamic Assessment ............................................... 15
2.2.3 Advantages of Dynamic Assessment ...................................................... 17
2.2.4 Models of Dynamic Assessment ............................................................. 20
2.2.4.1 Interventionist Dynamic Assessment .............................................. 21
2.2.4.2 Interactionist Dynamic Assessment ................................................. 22
2.2.4.3 Cake and Sandwich Formats of Dynamic Assessment.................... 25
vi
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.5 Criticism of Dynamic Assessment .......................................................... 26
2.3
Reading Comprehension .............................................................................. 28
2.3.1 Definition of Reading Comprehension.................................................... 28
2.3.2 Reading Comprehension Skills ............................................................... 29
2.3.3 Teaching Reading Comprehension ......................................................... 33
2.3.4 Assessing Reading Comprehension ........................................................ 35
2.4
Dynamic Assessment and Reading Comprehension Skills ......................... 37
2.4.1. Dynamic Assessment and its Relation to Reading Comprehension....... 37
2.4.2 Procedures of Applying Dynamic Assessment in Reading Classroom
..................................................................................................................39
2.5
Students’ Opinions in Language Learning in Classroom ............................ 42
2.6
Previous Studies .......................................................................................... 44
2.7
Conclusion of the Chapter ........................................................................... 46
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 47
3.1
Research Design .......................................................................................... 47
3.2
Research Site and Participants ..................................................................... 48
3.3
Techniques of Data Collection .................................................................... 48
3.3.1 Classroom Observation ........................................................................... 48
3.3.2 Interview .................................................................................................. 49
3.3.3 Tests......................................................................................................... 50
3.4
Techniques of Data Analysis ....................................................................... 51
3.4.1 Analysis of Data from Classroom Observation ....................................... 52
3.4.2 Analysis of Data from Interview ............................................................. 53
3.4.3 Analysis of Data from Tests .................................................................... 54
3.5
Conclusion of the Chapter ........................................................................... 54
CHAPTER IV: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT
..................................................................................................................... 55
4.1
The Implementation of Dynamic Assessment on Reading Comprehension
Performance .......................................................................................................... 55
vii
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.1 Administering the Pretest ........................................................................ 56
4.1.2 The Mediation Program........................................................................... 57
4.1.2.1Mediational
Strategies
in
Dynamic
Assessment
Reading
Comprehension ................................................................................ 59
4.1.2.2 Dynamic Assessment in the Teaching of Reading .......................... 74
4.1.3 Administering the Posttest....................................................................... 92
4.1.4 Summary of the Implementation of Dynamic Assessment ..................... 93
4.2
Textual Analysis of Students’ Test Results ................................................. 94
4.2.1 Analysis of Tests’ Results ....................................................................... 94
4.2.2 Summary of Students’ Test Results ........................................................ 98
4.3
Conclusion of the Chapter ........................................................................... 99
CHAPTER V STUDENTS’ OPINIONS ON DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT .. 100
5.1
Students’ Opinions on Dynamic Assessment ............................................ 100
5.2
Students’ Suggestions on Dynamic Assessment ....................................... 109
5.3
Summary of Students’ Opinions on Dynamic Assessment ....................... 110
5.4
Conclusion of the Chapter ......................................................................... 111
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, LIMITATION OF THE STUDY AND
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE FUTURE RESEARCH ........................ 112
6.1
Conclusions ... ........................................................................................... 112
6.2
Limitation of the Study .............................................................................. 113
6.3
Recommendation for Future Research ...................................................... 115
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 116
APPENDICES . .................................................................................................127
Appendix 1a: Reading Comprehension Test (Pretest) ........................................ 127
Appendix 1b: Reading Comprehension Test (Posttest) ...................................... 136
Appendix 2: Example of Progress Tests ............................................................. 144
viii
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
Appendix 3: Mediation Design Programs in Reading Comprehension Classroom
.................... ......................................................................................................... 150
Appendix 4: Classroom Observation Format ...................................................... 151
Appendix 5: Condensed Field Notes from Classroom Observation of Mediation
Program in Dynamic Assessment ....................................................................... 152
Appendix 6: Example of Reading Texts Materials and Its Practices .................. 156
Appendix 7: Interview Guideline ........................................................................ 167
Appendix 8: Example of Interview ..................................................................... 168
Appendix 9: Students' Test Results......................................................................176
ix
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The Differences between Traditional and Alternatives Assessment .... 12
Table 4.1 Students’ Means Scores ........................................................................ 95
Table 4.2 Pair Test Pretest – Progress 1 ................................................................ 96
Table 4.3 Pair Test Progress 1 - Progress 2 .......................................................... 96
Table 4.4 Pair Test Progress 2 – Post Test ............................................................ 96
Table 4.5 Pair Test Progress 1 - Posttests ............................................................. 96
Table 4.6 Pair Test PreTest – Progress 2 .............................................................. 96
Table 4.7 Pair Pretest – Post Test ......................................................................... 97
x
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Regulatory Scale –Implicit (strategies) to Explicit ............................ 24
Figure 2.2 Dynamic Assessment Procedure in Classroom .................................. 42
Figure 3.1 Typology of Mediator’s Strategies Occurred during Dynamic
Assessment Impelementation in Reading Classroom ....................... 52
Figure 4.1 Mediation Typology in Dynamic Assessment of Reading
Comprehension .................................................................................................... 59
xi
Rindilla Antika, 2014
Dynamic Assessment In Reading Comprehension Classroom
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu