1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE - 16 tenses in english
16 Tenses In English
CHAPTER I
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying.
We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment .
We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the present. Example : You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.
1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT NOW,
TOMORROW,ETC
1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :
1.3.A. Positive Pattern S + am/is/are + Verb 4…………………………………………….Now
S + sedang + 4……………………………………..sekarang Examples : 1. I am studying English now.
2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan) 3. You are singing now.
4. He is making a cake now. 5. she is sewing a shirt now.
16 Tenses In English 6. They are playing football in the field now.
1. what are you doing now ? studying
8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang 9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang 5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang
2. Where is he studying English now ? at school EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.
QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………...Now? QW + yang + S + 4……………………………………..sekarang? Examples :
7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isn’t 1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern
2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t
1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………………..Now? Apakah + S + sedang + 4…………………………sekarang ? Examples :
2. He is not sleeping now 3. My father is not watching television now. 4. we aren’t going to Jakarta Tomorrow. 1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern
1. I am not studying now
S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4…………………………………… Now S + tidak sedang + 4 …………………………………….sekarang Example :
8. The students are doing sport now. 1.3.b The Negative Pattern
10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.
16 Tenses In English
EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.
EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs
7. What is your brother doing now?
6. What is your mother doing now?
5. Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
4. Are They singing a song at home now?
3. Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
2. Is your father reading a newspaper now?
1. Are you studying English now ?
4. My father is teaching Biology at school now .
EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?) 1. They are speaking English now.
3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now.
2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now.
EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the underlined words in the following sentences. 1 . John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.
7. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?
6. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
5. He is watching “Plan to kill” on TV now.
4. What is your father looking at now ? a picture.
3. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isn’t.
2. We are not reading now.
Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working
16 Tenses In English
CHAPTER 2
PAST TENSE2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.
2.2. The Adverbs of time used The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc.
2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense
2.3.1. The Positive Pattern
S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday S + 2………………………………………………….. Examples : 1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We studied English here last week.
3. They played football in the field yesteryear
2.3.2. The Negative Pattern
S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday S + tidak + 1…………………………………kemarin Examples : 1. John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
2. We didn’t study here last week.
3. They didn’t play football in the field yesteryear.
2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern
Did + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday? Apakah + S + 1…………………………………………kemarin? Examples:
1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didn’t
2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t
16 Tenses In English
3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they didn’t
2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern
QW + did + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday?
Qw + yang + S + 1…………………………………….? Examples:
1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday QW + Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did
QW + 2……………………………..? Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !
1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin
2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?
3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu
4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ? 5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.
6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu 9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya. EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present Continous Tense.
1. Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday
2. They played cricket at school last week
3. Did the policeman arrest the thief last night ?
4. The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning
16 Tenses In English
Chapter 3 PRESENT FUTURE TENSE We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something: e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it. Agreeing and refusing to do something:
e.g. I’ve asked john to help me but he won’t Promising to do something. e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.
Asking someone to do something.
Will you close the window,please!
A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + will/shall + Verb 1…………………………………… Tomorrow S + akan + 1 ……………………. Example: 1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow
B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows:
S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1…………………… ………… Tomorrow S + tidak akan + 1 ……………………………….. Example: 1. John won’t run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month.
2. Mrs.Maria Eva won’t play badminton tomorrow
16 Tenses In English
C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows
Will/Shall + S + Verb 1………………………………….. Tomorrow? Apakah + S + akan + 1…………………………..? 1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he won’t.
2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she won’t
D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows
QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1…………………….………Tomorrow? QW + yang + S + akan + 1……………………….? 1. when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month 2. who will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? John will 3. where will John run a restaurant Next month? Next month 4. what will John do in Jakarta Next month? Running a restaurant We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.
The pattern : S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1…………………………………… S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1…………………… ………… Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1………………………………….. .? QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1…………………………… ..?
4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.
16 Tenses In English e.g. + The earth goes round the sun
- The earth doesn’t go round the sun
? Does the earth go round the sun ?
- I get up at 8 o’clock every morning
- I don’t get up at 8 o’clock every morning ? Do you get up at 8 o’clock very morning?
The pattern : S + Verb 1 (s/es)…………………………………… Everyday/today S + don’t/doesn’t + Verb 1…………………… ……Everyday/today Do/Does + S + Verb 1………………………………Everyday/today? QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1…………………….…Everyday/today?
We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things: e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ? Mary doesn’t often drink tea.
16 Tenses In English
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadn’t finished:This time last year I was living in Brazil
We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
The pattern : S + was/were + verb 4………………….When + s + Verb 2…….…… S + was/were + not + Verb 4…………….When + s + Verb 2………… Was/were + S + verb 4…………………. When + s + Verb 2 ……. ….? QW + was/were + S + verb 4……………When + s + Verb 2 …………? e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
- She wasn’t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?
16 Tenses In English
6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening: e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected : e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it.
We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago) e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’. We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the present perfect. e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora? Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries. We often use ever and never with the present perfect: e.g. have you ever eaten caviar? We have never had a car. We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first
time…
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives) We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’).The pattern: S + have/has + verb 3……………………….etc S + haven’t/hasn’t + Verb 3…………….….etc Have/has + S + verb 3………………….. ….etc? QW + have/has + S + verb 3………………..etc?
16 Tenses In English
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :
Example :
- When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home
- When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat.
- George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice.
- It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t flown before.
The pattern: S + had + verb 3…………when/before S + V2 S + hadn’t + Verb 3……… when/before S + V2 Had + S + verb 3………… when/before S + V2 ? QW + had + S + verb 3……… when/before S + V2 ?
Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur 3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
16 Tenses In English
8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + have/has + been + verb 4…………etc S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb 4……etc Have/has + S + been + verb 4……….etc ? QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4…etc ?
Example : Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini -
- The students have been singing since this morning
- The students haven’t been singing since this morning ? Have the students been singing since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam
2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?
3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam
4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun
5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?
6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam
16 Tenses In English
9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + had been + verb 4…………when S + V2 S + hadn’t been + Verb 4……… when S + V2 Had + S + been + verb 4………… when S + V2 ? QW + had + S + been + verb 4……… when S + V2 ?
Example : Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin -
- They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
- They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang menakutkan
2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti
3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki berteriak
4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam
5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi
16 Tenses In English
10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at…………..o’clock S + won’t be + Verb 4 + O + at………..o’clock Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at……….o’clock ? QW + will + S + be +Verb 4…………o’clock ?
Example : Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi -
- You will be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
- You won’t be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ? Will you be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi
2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti
3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam
4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam
5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam
11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
16 Tenses In English S + will have + verb 3 + ……….by the end…… S + won’t have + Verb 3 + ………..by the end….
Will + S + have + Verb 3 + ………by the end…. ? QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +…………by the end… ?
Example : - Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.
- We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
- We won’t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini
2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini
3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya
4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini
12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
16 Tenses In English S + will have been + verb 4………since……….
S + won’t have been + verb 4…….since………. Will + S + have been + verb 4……since……….? QW + will + S + have been + verb 4….since…..?
Example : Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok -
- They will have been studying since this morning
- They won’t have been studying since this morning ? Will they have been studying since this morning ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris selama tiga tahun
2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun
3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali
4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa
13. PAST FUTURE TENSE
16 Tenses In English S + would + V1…IF + S + verb 2………….etc S + wouldn’t + verb 1….+ object…………..etc Would + S + verb 1 ….+ object ……….…..etc ?
Example :
1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya I would come if you invited me
2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang Tom would travel if he had more money
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu
2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan
3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa
4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri
5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus
14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE
16 Tenses In English S + would be + Verb 4……when S + verb 2……….etc S + wouldn’t + be + verb 4….when S + verb 2………etc Would + S + be + verb 4 ….. when S + verb 2……etc ?
Example :
Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang -
- They would be going home when we came
- They wouldn’t be going home when we came ? Would they be going home when we came ?
Translate these sentences into English !
1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu
2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu
3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola waktu itu.
15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
16 Tenses In English S + would have + verb 3…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….
S + wouldn’t have + verb 3 ……object………..etc Would + S + have + verb 3 …….object………..etc ?
Example : Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam - pemilihan umum.
- He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu
2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan begitu sulit.
3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello
4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu
5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
16 Tenses In English
16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + would have + been + verb 4…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….
S + wouldn’t have been + verb 4…….object…………etc Would + S + have been + verb 4.. …….object………..etc ?
Example :
- Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota
sudah datang tepat pada waktunya
- The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come on time.
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!
1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya.
2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang
3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak makanan itu
16 Tenses In English
13. Is not = Isn’t
24. Might not = Mightn’t
23. Should not = Shouldn’t
22. Must not = Mustn’t
21. Could not = Couldn’t
20. Can not = Can’t
19. Had not = Hadn’t
18. Has not = Hasn’t
17. Have not = Haven’t
16. Were not = Weren’t
15. Was not = Wasn’t
14. Are not = Aren’t
12. Did not = Didn’t
17. Abbreviation (singkatan)
11. Does not = Doesn’t
10. Do not = Don’t
9. Would not = Wouldn’t
8. Will not = won’t
7. It is = It’s
6. She is = She’s
5. He is = He’s
4. They are = They’re
3. We are = We’re
2. You are = You’re
1. I am = I’m
25. May not = Mayn’t
16 Tenses In English
18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)
Penjelasan:
1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan atau yang predikatnya berawalan di…/ ter…
2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut: S + To be + V3…………………………………by…
4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk membentuk awalan : di….atau: ter…
5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus kalimat aktif) Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :
1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3…by…
2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3…by…
3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3….
5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3…
6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3…
7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3…
9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3…
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3…
11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3…
12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3…
13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3…
16 Tenses In English
14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3…
15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3…
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3… Penjelasan :
1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being) no. 6 dan no. 12.
c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4 dan 16.
4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
16 Tenses In English
19. PASSIVE – VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM
1. Present Future Tense = S tak akan di………………… Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense = S tidak sedang akan di……….
Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense = S belum akan di…………
Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.
5. Simple Present Tense Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.
6. Present Continuous Tense Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang
7. Present Perfect Tense Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan- kawan saya.
S + Won’t be + V3……….(by him)……… S + Won’t be + being + V3…(by them)….
S + Won’t have been + V3….(by her) S + Won’t have been + V3….(by the Bank)……… S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + V3….(by the Judge) S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + being + V3… (by……) S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + V3….(by ……..)
16 Tenses In English
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + being + V3…by…..
Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun yang lalu.
9. Past Perfect Tense S + hadn’t been + V3…by…..
Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung terbunuh.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + hadn’t been + being + V3…(by……….)
Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan ke-propinsi.
11. Simple Past Tense S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….)
Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor.
12. Past Continuous Tense S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….) Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap kalimat yang diucapkan.
16 Tenses In English
20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE
1. Present Future Tense = Yes/No,………
Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ? When + ……………………………… ? = Few years from now.
2. Present Future Continuous Tense = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ? What time + ………………... ? = At 9 o’clock.
3. Present Future Perfect Tense = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ? What + …………………….. ? = Your job.
4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense = Yes/No,……………….
Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara bangkrut ? Why + …………………………... ? = Because none is hones in government.
5. Simple Present Tense = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ? By whom + …………………………. ? = By our director.
Will + S + be + V3…(by..) few years from now ? Will + S + have been + V3…………… ? Will + S + have been + V3……………? Will + S + have been + being + V3………… ? (Am /Is/Are) + S + V3……………. ?
16 Tenses In English
6. Present Continuous Tense = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ? Where + ……………………. ? = At the airport.
7. Present Perfect Tense = Yes/No,………………...
Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ? How many tickets + ……….. ? = 5 tickets
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ? How long + …………………. ? = For 3 days.
9. Past Perfect Tense = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum mereka menyerahkan diri ? Who + ………………… ? = The robbers.
10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ? How long + …………………. ? = More than 3 year.
11. Simple Past Tense = Yes/No,………………
Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ? (Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3………. ? (Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ………… ? (Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3………. ? Had + S + been + V3………. ? Had + S + been + being + V3……………. ? (Were/Was) + S + V3 …………. ?
16 Tenses In English What + ………………………. ? = Tomy’s problem.
12. Past Continuous Tense (Were/Was) + S + being + V3………… ?
= Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
By whom + ………………… ? = By the mayor.
13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
16 Tenses In English
21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.
II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut: 1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.
2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.
3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.
4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A.S + to have + someone + V1 + … etc Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today
2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
3. He is having a mechanic ………etc now B. S + to have + something +
Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday
2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have. (have (has) – had – had – having)
S + to get + someone + to + V1 + … etc C. Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow
2. He doesn’t get me to come to his house today
3. He has get me to bring a dictionary D. S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + … etc
Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias)
16 Tenses In English 2. I won’t get my hair cut short.
3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now
Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, … One’s (kepunyaan) = my…, your…, her…, our…, their… Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)
16 Tenses In English
THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke – TENSES TERTENTU: S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + …DST
1. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + …
2. S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + …
3. S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + …
4. S + had + S.O + V1 + …
5. S + have + had + S.O + V1 + … has
6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + …
7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + …
8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + …
9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + …
12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + …
13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + …
14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + …
15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + …
16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + …
RENUNGKAN: 1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.
Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them.
One’s = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya. (T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).
3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.
4. V1 V2 V3 V4
16 Tenses In English have had had having
PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:
1. Eg : ………………………………………… 2.
S + didin’t have + me + V1 + … etc A.
Do +S + have + Us + V1 ………….? Does
Eg : ………………………………………… 3.
QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + … ? Eg : When …………………………………………..
4. Who + has + someone +V1 + …… ? Eg : Who has ……………………………… 5. = suruhlah ……!
Have + someone + V1 + …… !
Eg : …………………………………… B.
1. S + won’t have + one’s house + V3 + … etc Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku. = …………………………………………
Do +S + have + something + V3 …… today ? 2. Does
Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ? = ………………………………………………... ?
3. QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + … yesterday Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin = …………………………………………….
16 Tenses In English 4.
Siapa yang akan berpoto ? = Who will have one’s picture taken ? One’s picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.
Who + will have + One’s + sth + V3 + …… ?
16 Tenses In English
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27 to do to have to tell to own to read to write to listen to speak to say to ask to answer to borrow to lend to give to send to repeat to buy to sell to present to wait (for) to see to visit to invite to reject to refuse to inprove to avoid did had told owned read wrote listened spoke said asked answered borrowed lent gave sent repeated bought sold presented waited saw visited invited rejected refused improved avoided done had told owned read written ~ed spoken said ~ed ~ed ~ed lent given sent ~ed bought sold ~ed ~ed seen ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed
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