Correlation Between Protein Intake with Muscle Strength of Athletes - Universitas Negeri Padang Repository
YISHPESS st
1 PROCEEDINGS
st The 1 Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sports Science.
Evidence-Based Practice of Sports Science in Education, Performance, and Health. th October 14 , 2017. Eastparc Yogyakarta, Indonesia Faculty of Sport Sciences st The 1 Yogyakarta International Seminar
YISHPESS on Health, Physical Education, and Sports Science.
Evidence-Based Practice of Sports Science in Education, Performance, and Health.
PROCEEDINGS The paper published in the proceeding is not necessarily a reflection of the attitude or opinion of the editor and executive, editor, expert editors and the responsibility for the contents or effect of the writing, still lies on the author.
Article published in the proceeding is considered valid by the certificate included in the presentation. Secretariat: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia Phone : +62274 550826 (PR Office)
YISHPESS
st
1 PROCEEDINGS
st
The 1 Yogyakarta International
Seminar on Health, Physical Education,
and Sports Science.
Evidence-Based Practice of Sports Science in Education,
Performance, and Health.
thOctober 14 , 2017. Eastparc Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published by:
OPENING SPEECH
As the Dean of Faculty of Sport Sciences Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, I
would like to welcome and congratulate to all speakers and participants of the
First Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and
Sport Science (YISHPESS) 2017 entitled “Evidence-Based Practice of Sport
Science in Education, Performance, and Health”.This international seminar is actually an implementation in the framework
of the assessment of the achievements and sports culture in society that can
support the achievements of the Indonesian people, so that there will be a
significant role of practitioners, academicians, sport people, and sports
observers from Universities, Institutions and Sports Organizations to help
actively facilitate in the development, assessment of innovative sports science
development so as to achieve sport achievements at the National and
International level.
Finally, we thank all the committee of YISHPESS for their hard work in
organizing this activity, and congratulate the invited speakers and all
participants. Hopefully, this seminar is significant for the development of
physical education, health, and sports sciences.Dean of Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Prof. Dr. Wawan S. Suherman, M.Ed.
PREFACE
Alhamdulillahirobilalamin, thank Allah the First Yogyakarta International
Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS) has
been prepared well and on time. With all humility, we welcome and
congratulate the speakers and participants of Yogyakarta International
Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS)
organized by the Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
The YISHPESS 2017 is designed to updating and applying evidence-based
practice in sports science aspects, including: education, performance and
health. We hope that the invited speakers of this seminar can reduce the gaps
between academic and field to get best output in the daily sport and health
practices.We would like to thank to Rector and the board of Universitas Negeri
Yogyakarta for supporting this seminar come true. Praise and be grateful to
the Lord, so that this proceeding can be issued. Hopefully, the publication of
this proceeding can bring benefits to the participants in particular and readers
in general. thYogyakarta, October 14 , 2017 Chairperson of the Committee Dr. Or. Mansur, M.S.
CONTENT
Preface Content Keynote Speaker1.THE STRUGGLE OF JERRY LOLOWANG: A CASE STUDY OF CANCER SURVIVOR IN
76 ACHIEVING Author: M. Erika Rachman Universitas Sebelas Maret
2.PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MEMBERS HATHA YOGA EXERCISE
83 Author: Galih Yoga Santiko Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
3.THE EFFECT OF INTERACTIVE VIDEO IN TEACHING VOLLEY BALL THROUGH BASIC
91 PASSING TECHNIQUE Author: Rekha Ratri Julianti Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
4.THE EFFECT OF DOMINANT PHYSICAL COMPONENTS, AND SELF-BASKET PLEEMBAN
98 ATLET PALEMBANG TOWN SUCCESS FREE THROW Author: Bayu Hardiyono Universitas Binadarma
5. DIFFERENCES IN FUTSAL SKILL BETWEEN CLUB AND HIGH SCHOOL PLAYERS 105
Author: Agus Susworo Dwi Marhaendro Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
6. DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED PHYSICAL EDUCATION LEARNING MODEL 111
Author: Sri Winarni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
7.THE EFFECT OF BLOCK PRACTICE, SERIAL PRACTICE AND RANDOM PRACTICE TO 123
IMPROVE BASKETBALL FUNDAMENTAL SKILL FOR BEGINNER
Author: Riyan Pratama Universitas Bina Darma
8.THE DIFFERENCES OF INTRUCTIONAL MEDIA AND COORDINATION IN LEARNING 131
OUTCOMES OF GROUNDSTROKES TENNIS ON NOVICE LEVEL ATHLETESAuthor: Dian Pujianto Universitas Bengkulu
9. ANDROID BASED REFERENCE MODEL OF STUDENT'S SKILL COACHING 139
Author: Endang Rini Sukamti
10. TEACHING BADMINTON SMASH BY USING TEAM GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) 145
MODEL IN SMP MUHAMMADYAH KARAWANGAuthor: Didik Fauzi Dermawan Universities Singaperbangsa Karawang
11. EFFECT OF INTENSIVE AND EXTENSIVE INTERVAL METHODS AGAINST ENHANCED 153
SPEED ENDURANCE SPRINT 400 METERSAuthor: Fajar Adi Nugroho Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
12. THE ATTEMPT OF IMPROVING POWERFUL KICK IN SOCCER USING WEIGHT 161
TRAININGAuthor: Yanuar Dhuma Ardhiyanto Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
13. IMPROVING STUDENTS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN RUNNING BASIC 167
LOCOMOTION MOVEMENT THROUGH GAME AT FIFTH GRADE STUDENT OF SD NEGERI1 SURAKARTA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
Author: Luli Pitakasari Arnenda Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
14. THE INFLUENCE OF EXERCISE ON HOW TO THROW SOFTBALL BY USING THE 174
TARGET TOWARDS THE ACCURACY OF THROWING SOFTBALL IN BUFFALOES UNSATHELETE IN 2012
Author: Kristanto Adi Nugroho Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
15. MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPING SWIMMING ACHIEVEMENT IN NPC (NATIONAL 181
PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE) OF INDONESIAAuthor: Nonik Rahmawati Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
16. CORRELATION OF BODY MASS INDEX AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS TO THE 189
RISK OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENTSAuthor: Abdullah Al-Hazmy Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
17. SOLO LAST FRIDAY RIDE AS A SPORT COMMUNITY IN SOLO 190
Author: Rianto Ardi Nugroho Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
18. DEVELOPING SNAKE LEADERS GAME FOR LEARNING MEDIA OF PHYSICAL 195
EDUCATION SPORT AND HEALTH TO FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MADANIELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN PALU CITY
Author: Marhadi Universitas Tadulako
19. THE EFFECT OF PLYOMETRICS TRAINING AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION 205
TOWARDS LEG MUSCLE EXPLOSIVE POWER OF VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES IN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANGAuthor: Muhamad Sazeli Rifki Universitas Negeri Padang
20. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIAN SEA GAMES ATHLETES 210
IN 2017 VIEWED FROM SPORT MARTIAL ARTS AND ACCURACY
Author: Bintara Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
21. EXPECTATION APPRECIATION AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION TO THE PHENOMENON 216
OF STREETWORKOUT COMMUNITYAuthor: Hari Hanggoro Universitas Sebelas Maret
22. DEVELOPING OF TRADITIONAL GAMES AS NATION CULTURE THROUGH IN 221
PHYSICAL EDUCATION LEARNING FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTSAuthor: Asriansyah Universitas PGRI Palembang
23. CONTRIBUTION OF FLEXIBILITY, STRENGTH, AND BALANCE ON THE CARTWHEEL 229
OF PKO STUDENTS CLASS 2016Author: Ratna Budiarti Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
24. EFFECT SHORT-TERM AQUAROBIC EXERCISE ON DHEA-S LEVELS IN WOMEN 239
Author: Siti Baitul Mukarromah Universitas Negeri Semarang,
25. PREDICTION OF THE INCIDENCE RATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE FOR THE 240
EMPLOYEES AND LECTURERS OF YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY BASED ON THE POST-EXERCISE RECOVERY HEART RATEAuthor: Cerika Rismayanthi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
26. EFFECTIVENESS OF UMAC-CPF EXERCISE MODEL ON MOTOR ABILITY OF 247
INDONESIAN CP FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Author: Fadilah Umar Universitas Sebelas Maret
27. DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED TRACER STUDY AT THE DEPARTMENT OF SPORTS 256
COACHING EDUCATIONAuthor: Subagyo Irianto Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
28. MOUNTAINEERING ACTIVITIES OF MERBABU AS SPORTS RECREATION SOCIETY 261
(PHENOMENOLOGY STUDY ABOUT SOCIETY CONDUCTING ACTIVITIES OFMOUNTAINEERING IN THE MOUNT MERBABU NATIONAL PARK)
Author: Faisal Adam Rahman Universitas Sebelas Maret
29. INCREASE VO 2 MAX BADMINTON ATHLETES USE EXERCISES FOOTWORK WITH 265 METHOD HIIT (HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING)
Author: Donie Universitas Negeri Padang
30. THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE MODEL BASED ON INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA TO 270
SEPAKTAKRAW SKILLSAuthor: Didik Purwanto Universitas Tadulako
31 YOUTH ATHLETE BASED ON THE LONG-TERM 275
ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT (LTAD)Author: Komarudin Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
32. LEARNING RESULTS IMPROVEMENT OF FOREARM PASSING RESULTS OF VOLLEY 280
BALL GAME THROUGH DRILL METHODS ON STUDENTS XI.IPS.1 IN PUBLIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL I TELAGASARI KARAWANGAuthor: Akhmad Dimyati UNSIKA
33. PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT IN SCHOOLS: APPLICATION SOCCER LIKE 292
GAMESAuthor: Mochamad Ridwan Universitas Negeri Surabaya
34. THE DIFFERENCES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS LEVELS BETWEEN POOR AND EXCESSIVE 297
NUTRITIONAL STATUSAuthor: Sepriadi Universitas Negeri Padang
35. THE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT FIRST AID (P3K) AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT 305
PRINCIPLES IN YOGYAKARTA COMMUNITYAuthor: Eka Novita Indra Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
36. THE
INFLUENCE OF TEACHING STYLE AND MOTOR ABILITY ON THE BOTTOM 314 PASSING LEARNING OUTCOMES IN THE VOLLEYBALL
Author: Ahmad Muchlisin Natas Pasaribu Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
37. EFFECTIVENESS OF SHOOTING TRAINING MODEL FEBI FUTSAL GAMES ON THE 321
IMPROVEMENT OF SHOOTING RESULT ON FUTSAL SPORTS FOR BEGIN PLAYER
Author: Febi Kurniawan Universitas Singaperbangsa
38. DIFFERENCES OF LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS INTERGRADE AND GENERAL CLASS 327
SPORT CLASS BASED ON LEVEL EDUCATION OF PARENTS IN CLASS VII SMP N 4 PURBALINGGAAuthor: Audi Akid Hibatulloh Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
39. LEARNING MODELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BASED ON MOTOR PERCEPTION 334
KINDERGARTEN STUDENTAuthor: B.Suhartini
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
40. DESIGN OF MEASURABLE SPORTS CLUB IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN BALI 341
PROVINCEAuthor: Suratmin Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
348
41. ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL CONDITION OF SOCCER ATHLETE’S PORDA OF BEKASI CITY
Author: Apta Mylsidayu Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi
42. HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE ENHANCEMENT THROUGH SPORT AND 356
PHYSICAL EDUCATION CREATIVE APPROACHAuthor: Wing Prasetya Kurniawan Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri
43. THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE THROUGH GAME-MODEL AND CIRCUIT- 367
MODEL EXERCISES APPROACH ON THE MAXIMUM AEROBIC CAPACITYAuthor: Umar Universitas Negeri Padang
44. DIFFERENCES INFLUENCE OF INTERVAL DRILL EXERCISE BETWEEN ACTIVE AND 377
PASSIVE ON SKILLS OF ATHLETE AT THE AGE OF CHILDRENAuthor: Hariyuda Anggriawan Universitas Sebelas Maret
45. EXERCISE FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 383
Author: Anita Suryani Universitas Indonesia
46. THE EFFECT OF KICKING SPEED, STRENGTH AND LEG MUSCLE EXPLOSIVE POWER 390
ON THE ABILITY OF DOLLYO CHAGI OF TAEKWONDO DOJANG ATHLETEAuthor: Nurul Ihsan
Universitas Negeri Padang
47. CORRELATION BETWEEN PROTEIN INTAKE WITH MUSCLE STRENGTH OF 398
ATHLETESAuthor: Wilda Welis Universitas Negeri Padang
48. DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING BOOKS FOR SWIMMING 404
Author: Nur Indah Pangastuti Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
49. THE DIFFERENCE IN THE EFFECTS OF BIRTH TYPES ON THE MOTOR SKILLS OF 411
CHILDREN AT AN EARLY AGEAuthor: Panggung Sutapa Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
50. THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENT SOYBEAN MILK AND WHEY PROTEIN IN LOAD 417
EXERCISESTOWARD THE INCREASING HYPERTROPHY OF THIGH MUSCLESAuthor: Khairuddin Universitas Negeri Padang
51. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN IN DIENG PLATEAU BANJARNEGARA REGENCY 424
(PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF SPORTS VALUES)Author: Dody Tri Iwandana Universitas Sebelas Maret
52. PICTURE MEDIA DEVELOPMENT FOR PENCAK SILAT LEARNING IN HIGH SCHOOLS 427
Author: Nur Rohmah M., M.Pd Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
436
53. THE EFFECT OF IMAGERY ON BEGINNER TENNIS PLAYERS’ FOREHAND DRIVE SKILL
Author: Risti Nurfadhila Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
54. THE EFFECT OF HONEY SUPPLEMENTATION BEFORE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 443
TOWARDS THE PLASMA MALONDIALDEHYDE LEVEL IN MALE WISTAR RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)
Author: Krisnanda DA Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
55. THE LEARNING RESULT OF FOOTBALL BASIC TECHNIQUE SKILL 451
Author: Arsil Universitas Negeri Padang 56.
458
BREAKING THE CHAIN OF “KLITIH” THROUGH CHARACTER EDUCATION IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Author: Pasca Tri Kaloka Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
57. PHYSICAL EDUCATION LEARNING THROUGH TRADITIONAL GAMES TO IMPROVE 466
COOPERATION AND RESPONSIBILITY AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLAuthor: Ranintya Meikahani Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
58. MODEL DEVELOPMENT BASIC DRIBLING FOOTBALL-BASED TRAINING 474
TECHNIQUES FOR BEGINNING ATHLETES AGED 8-12 YEARSAuthor: Ahmad Atiq Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak
59. THE MODEL OF GAMES TO DEVELOP FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT OF 481
KINDERGARTEN STUDENTSAuthor: Uray Gustian Universitas Tanjungpura
60. DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA-BASED TRAINING 3GS (TRIPLE GAME SET); MONOPOLY, 489
SNAKES LADDERS AND FENCING PUZZLE FOR CHARACTER EDUCATION EFFORTS INBEGINNER ATHLETES
Author: Faidillah Kurniawan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
498
61. STUDENTS’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS INTEGRATED LEARNING METHOD USING
VIRTUAL MICROSCOPE IN HISTOLOGY COURSE
Author: RL Ambardini Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
62. THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOPURAK (TOTOK-PUKUL-GERAK) MANIPULATION 504
MODEL FOR KNEE JOINT REPOSITIONAuthor: BM. Wara Kushartanti Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
63. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING GUIDED IMAGERY IN LOWERING ANXIETY ON 511
ATHLETES
Author: Donie Universitas Negeri Padang
64. EFFECT OF FRESH COW MILK AND PASTEURIZATION MILK TOWARD GLUCOSE IN 517 SOCCER PLAYERS ACCOMPANIED BY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Author: Rini Syafriani Institut Teknologi Bandung
65. THE CONTRIBUTION OF LEG MUSCLE STRENGTH AND DYNAMIC BALANCE 524
TOWARDS THE ABILITY OF DOLLYO CHAGI KICK
Author: Yogi Setiawan Universitas Negeri Padang
66. LAY UP SHOOT SKILL OF FIK UNP STUDENTS (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF 529
TEACHING METHOD AND LEARNING MOTIVATION TOWARD LAY UP SHOOT SKILL OF FIK UNP STUDENTS)
Author: Hendri Neldi Universitas Negeri Padang 67.
THE EFFECT OF PRACTICE AND GAME LEARNING APPROACH ON THE CHEST PASS 536 LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT ON EXTRACURRICULAR BASKET BALL PLAYING
Author: Puthut Endiarto Universitas Sebelas Maret
68. THE INFLUENCE OF CIRCUIT TRAINING METHOD ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF 541
PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SPORTS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT STUDENTS
Author: Sefri Hardiansyah
Universitas Negeri Padang
69. EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON OXIDATIVE STRESS: A REVIEW OF IMPACT AND 548
IMPLICATION AFTER TRAINING
Author: Wildan Alfia Nugroho Universitas Sebelas Maret
70. SPORT DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN SEVERAL CITIES/REGENCIES IN JAVA ISLAND : A 554
REVIEW OF BENEFITS AND OUTCOME
Author: Boy Sembaba Tarigan Universitas Sebelas Maret
71. THE EFFECT OF MANIPULATION TRAINING COMPLEX TO MAXIMUM STRENGTH 559
Author: Mansur Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
72. MANAGEMENT OF FACILITIES SPECIAL CLASS OF SPORT (KKO) IN SMA NEGERI 4 569
YOGYAKARTAAuthor: Tri Ani Hastuti Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
73. DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING ATHLETIC LEARNING MODELS 578
RELEASE DIRECTLY BASED GAMES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Author: Hartati Universitas Sriwijaya
74. THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL OF TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT 586
ON LAY UP SHOOT TOWARDS THE LEARNING OUTCOMES (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY) ON BASKETBALL SMP NEGERI KARAWANG
Author: Rahmat Iqbal Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang
75. THE EFFECTS OF PRACTICE METHOD AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION ON 594
MAXIMUM VOLUME OXYGEN OF FOOTBALL PLAYERSAuthor: Didin Tohidin Universitas Negeri Padang
76. THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT ON MAXIMUM STRENGTH TOWARD THE 600
MEMBERS OF ONE GYM FITNESS CENTER PADANGAuthor: Adnan Fardi Universitas Negeri Padang
77. THE EFFECT OF PACITAN SWEET ORANGE JUICE TO MALONDIALDEHYDE LEVEL 606
(MDA) AFTER ECCENTRIC ACTIVITYAuthor: Indra H.S Universitas Negeri Surabaya
78. COMMUNITY INTERESTS FOLLOWING TRADITIONAL SPORT ACTIVITIES IN CAR 611
FREE DAY ACTIVITIESAuthor: Mia Kusumawati Universitas Islam” 45” Bekasi
79.THE EFFECT OF TWO ACTIVE RECOVERIES IN REDUCING LACTIC ACID OF 617
BADMINTON ATHELETESAuthor: Ainur Rasyid PGRI Sumenep
80. THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC DANCE AND CYCLING ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL- 623
BEING OF TEENAGERSAuthor: Rizki Kurniati
81. SURVEY OF THE LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES OF THE STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF 632
SPORTS SCIENCE, UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTAAuthor: Dapan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
82. ANTROPOMETRY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS FACTORS DETERMINANT DRIBBLING 637
AND PASSING FUTSAL ABILITY OF STUDENT EXTRACURRICULAR AGED 12-15 YEARSAuthor: Nizamuddin Nur Ramadaniawan Universitas Sebelas Maret
83. MULTI STATION REBOUNDER TOOL DEVELOPMENT AS A GUIDE FOR TRAINING 643
INSTRUMENT BASED ON INDEPENDENT FOOTBALL
Author: Santoso Nurhadi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
84. DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL DETECTOR LJDOF-SDH FOR LONG JUMP AS A MEDIA FOR 651
BASIC MOTOR OF TRACK AND FIELD LEARNING BASED ON SENSORAuthor: Sriawan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
The 1st Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sports Science 2017
CORRELATION BETWEEN PROTEIN INTAKE WITH MUSCLE STRENGTH OF ATHLETES
1 1 1 Wilda Welis , Darni
Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine relationship protein intake with muscle strength of athletes.
Methods: The research was conducted by cross sectional design between September to October 2016. The number
of sample in this research was 20 male table tennis athletes (age 20 + 3.4 y.o. , weight 56.7 + 12 kg, height 162.4
cm + 8.9 cm). The instruments for measurement of muscle strength used handgrip dynamometer used. The
consumption data was obtained by questionnaire of food recall 1 x 24 hours. Correlation between protein intake
with muscle strength were analyzed using pearson correlation test.
Results: The result of the research showed that average of energy intake of athletes were 2.134 + 231 kcal, the
average of protein intake was 77.6 + 21.1 g, the average intake of carbohydrate was 370.9 + 49.5 g, and theaverage
intake of fat was 47.2 + 12.1 g per day. In addition,the energy intake was up to 76.5% of the demand of energy in a
day, the protein intake was 73.7% and the fat intake was 51,8% from that of needed by an athlete. The results
showed that the maximum score of muscle strength data was 65 kg and minimum score of muscle strength data
was 24 kg. The average score of muscle strength data was 46.0 + 13.3 kg.
Conclusions: Most of the muscle strength data of table tennis athletes was very good. There was no significant
correlation between energy consumption and protein intake with muscle strength of athletes (p > 0.05). Keywords: Muscle strength, protein intake, athleteINTRODUCTION
The Indonesian sports team has not yet achieved its maximal achievement. There are many sports teams that have not gained a good reputation in regional, national, even international event. Constitutionally, the Indonesian government has regulated the National Sporting System Constitution. According to Sporting Constitution, one of the sports offshoots managed by the government is the merit sport. Table tennis is one of those merit sports. However, the achievement of tennis table team is relatively declining.
According to data from Tribun Sport, in the 26th SEA Games Indonesia only won 3 bronzes, and it showed that Indonesian team performance declines compared to Indonesian performance in the 25th SEA Games in Laos. In the 25th SEA Games in Laos, Indonesian table tennis team won a silver medal. In the 2015 SEA Games in Singapore, Indonesia also only won a bronze medal [1]. The tendency of declining table tennis achievement is also seen in local and national level. There are several factors which influence the optimal performance in sport. Factors contribute to sport performance such as (1) physic development, (2) technique development, (3) mental development, and (4) the maturity of athletes in achieving their goals [2]. Moreover, the biological aspects contribute to the sport performance are: (1) potential or the basic physical ability including strength, velocity, muscle force, heart muscle working power, lungs, flexibility, pertinence, and healthy exercise; (2) body organ functions including heart working power, breathing system organ, and the sense working power; (3) body structure and shape including height, size, width, and shape of the body; (4) nutrition including adequate amount of foods, food quality fulfills the necessity, and the availability of food variety. The optimal sport performance needs a good physical quality. One of good physical quality criteria is a good arm tendon. A good physical condition requires a balance nutrition intake. A nutritious food will provide good substances the body
The 1st Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sports Science 2017
needs. Conversely, consuming bad quality of foods will provide the inadequate amount of substances our body needs and the body might lose those necessary substances to function well (Almatsier 2004).
The sport athletes training center has not yet maintained a good dietary for the athletes. Moreover, the training center based in the province or regency. The dietary of athletes often has not been arranged in accordance to a good dietary for the respected sport offshoots. Athlete dietary has not been arranged based on the age and sport category of the athletes. This condition is worsened by the athletes’ bad dietary behaviors. Some different sport offshoots which are prepared to participate in various competitions are often given the same quality dietary. Moreover, the dietary for table tennis athletes in regency level; it is worse than those in the province and national level. Tennis table athletes in Pariaman city are no exception in this bad dietary. The training center over there still employs a conventional dietary without considering the age and the category of sport an athlete belongs to. The dietary of athlete only considers whether the foods will satisfy them or not, instead of considering its impact to the quality of athletes’ performance. Even on some occasions, the dietary is left to the athletes themselves to choose any foods they want. This research is intended to figure out the quality of nutrient intake for athletes in Pariaman city.
METHODS
The type of this research is descriptive research (Notoatmodjo, 2005). This research design benefits the researcher in term of its simplicity, low-research cost, and not time-consuming or the result can be obtained in the relatively short period of time. This research was taken place at Pariaman city. Data of the research was collected from September to October 2016. Population in this research was all table tennis athletes in Pariaman city. The number of samples was 20 people.
Primary data were the data directly obtained from the respondent such as name, gender, age, weight, height, and dietary. Meanwhile, the secondary data were the population data obtained from the table tennis administrator in Pariaman city. The Instrument employed in this research was the questionnaire to collect the data about respondent identity and the recall of athletes’ dietary.
The research was started by filling out the questionnaire about the athletes' identity. After that, the athletes were required to measure their height and weight. The weight was measured without using footwear and the measurement was calibrated. The height was measured without using headscarf nor footwear. The athletes’ nutrition, additionally, was measured by comparing the data of athlete’s weight and height with the BMI standard in accordance to age and gender (Kemenkes RI, 2011; WHO 2006). To find out the energy and nutrition intake quantitatively and qualitatively. The instruments for measurement of muscle strength used handgrip dynamometer used.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Seventy percent of athletes are men and thirty percent others are women. The research showed that the average energy intake was 2.134 + 231 calorie, the average protein intake was 77.6 + 21.1 gram, the average carbohydrate intake was 370.9 + 49.5 gram per day and the average fat intake was 47.2 + 12.1 gram per day. Furthermore, the amount of average iron intake was 21.0 + 10.5 mg per day, while the average vitamin C intake was 85.0 + 42.6 mg per day. Quantitatively, the energy intake has just reached 76,5% from the total amount of energy needed for one day, carbohydrate intake was 96.3%, the protein intake was 73.7% , the fat intake was 51.8% from that of the requirement by an athlete for one day. The iron intake has reached 139.8% from that of needed by an athlete, but vitamin C intake was still 42.5% of the amount needed by an athlete. Quantitatively, this research showed that the nutrition intake has not yet fulfilled the demand of an athlete for one day. The distribution of respondent’s data
The 1st Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sports Science 2017
Table 1. Distribution of respondents based on the quality of nutrient intake
Quality of Energy Carbohydrate Fat Protein Fe Vitamin C Nutrient n % n % n % n % n % n %
Intake < 100%
19
95
14
75 20 100
19
95
5
25 20 100 > 100%
1
5
6
25
1
5
15
75 Total 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 Based on table 1, it is figured out that 95% of athlete’s nutrient intake is still below 100% of daily energy intake need ed, which shows that the average of daily energy intake has not fulfilled the athlete’s needs to do exercise or carry out other physical activities. Energy acts as the catalyst for any physical activities including practicing table tennis that one carry out. The energy intake which has not been fulfilled will be replenished by the deposited energy contained in the muscle glycogen or fat deposit in adipose tissue. The lack of energy consumed will cause the body to have a negative balance, thus it reduces the body weight and damages the tissues our body (Almatsier, 2004). The damages of tissue may reduce the muscle power, thus it lowers the athletes’ performance.
Carbohydrate is one of the substances which provide energy for the muscle. The amount of carbohydrate needed by an athlete depends on the intensity, duration, and the type of exercise. The demand of carbohydrate intake for table tennis athlete is 50-60% of the energy intake for one day. The research shows that 25.0% of athletes have consumed enough carbohydrate (>100.0%), however, 75.0% others still consume below 100.0% amount of carbohydrate. Carbohydrates intake below 100.0% of the demand will decrease the number of carbohydrates stored in the muscle and liver. There are still many athletes who consume foods contained carbohydrate below the amount it is needed probably because of less various menu and foods containing carbohydrate consumed by those athletes. Another impact of consuming less carbohydrate is the decreasing deposit of glycogen in muscles and glucose in the blood.
Proteins are important components of the human diet and play an essential role as structural and functional components of living systems. Food proteins provide amino acids (AA) which serve as building blocks of all vital organs, muscles (including heart muscles), hormones and biological fluids such as blood. As the human body is incapable of maintaining reserves of protein, a constant supply of good quality protein is needed to maintain growth and other physiological functions. Insufficient intake of protein, especially during periods of growth and development can affect all organs in the body including the brain, heart, immune system, and other vital organs. Protein quality of foods is, therefore, an important criterion for the provision of adequate nutrition and maintenance of good health (Hardinsyah et al, 1989).
The research showed that generally (95.0%) the quantity of protein intake is still below 100.0%, only 5.0% athletes take enough amount of protein. A study by Jeukendrup and Gleeson (2004) showed a linear relationship between energy intake and protein intake. Tour de France cyclist consumed 12.0% of their daily energy intake (6500 kcal) in the form of protein, and intake easily met the suggested increased requirements (2.5 g/kg b.w. /day). These results suggest that provided the energy intake matches energy expenditure on a daily basis, endurance athletes do not need to supplement their diets with protein. Qualitatively, the essential amino acid consumed has already fulfilled the deal amount (>100), except tryptophan. There are 5.0% athletes who still consume tryptophan below the ideal amount (<100%, table 2). Tryptophan should be replenished by consuming foods containing a high amount of tryptophan. During exercise with intensity under 70.0% VO 2max , there is only a slight change of amino acid in the muscles. This fact portrays that there is no increasing demand for amino acid for athletes who conduct exercise under 70.0% VO2max (Boye et al, 2012).
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Iron is a functional component of oxygen transport and energy production in humans and therefore is a critically important micronutrient for sport and exercise performance. Athletes, particularly female athletes participating in endurance sport, are at increased risk of compromised iron status due to heightened iron losses through menstruation and exercise-induced mechanisms associated with endurance activity (Jeukendrup et al, 2004)
. Mostly the athletes’ iron intake has fulfilled their daily need (75.0%). Nevertheless, there still some athletes (25.0%) whose iron intake is still below its ideal number. Iron is the substance needed for forming hemoglobin. Hemoglobin’s function is very crucial for carrying oxygen to all tissues. A relative low iron intake in blood might be getting lower during the exercise. The iron substance lost may occur though sweat. Iron lost through sweat may reach up to 0.3 mg iron/L. If an athlete exercises for four days, he might lose 4.0 L solution from his body and 1.2 mg iron (Boye et al, 2012).
The amount of iron consumed will also decrease the consumption of vitamin C is also decreased. The research showed that the athletes' full-vitamin-
C intake (100.0%) is still below the athlete’s necessity. Vitamin C is the chemical substance which absorbs the iron. Besides, vitamin C deficiency will lead to the damage of tissues in the body because of free radical. The results of research showed that the highest muscle strength was 65 kg and the lowest muscle strength data was 24 kg. The average muscle strength of a table tennis athlete's was 46.0 + 13.3 kg. The results of research also showed that most of the muscle strength of table tennis athletes was very good (50.0%) and the category was less once (45.5%).
The results of research that showed no significant correlation between nutrient intake (protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium and phosphor and energy) with muscle strength (p> 0.05). Every sport activity requires enough energy for sports activities to be normal without experiencing significant fatigue. According to the Kemenkes RI (2014) energy needs of athlete games including table tennis should come from carbohydrates by 50-60%, 30-35% comes from fat and 12-15% comes from protein. The result of statistical test of this research data shows that there was no significant relationship between energy consumption with athlete muscle strength (p > 0.05). An athlete energy requirement a greater than a non-athlete person because of the high activity athletes increases energy expenditure for metabolism, heat and hormone synthesis.
Energy source in the body shaped Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), ATP is produced from the metabolism of nutrients in the form of carbohydrates, fats, and protein taken from food consumed. When the ATP for activity is sufficient, the excess ATP is stored in the liver and muscle in the form of glycogen, the glycogen in the muscle will be quickly mobilized during muscle contraction (Braun, 2008). Energy requirements for athletes with moderate exercise intensity (2-3 hours / day exercise duration 5-6 times per week) require 50-80 kcal / kg / day (Kreider et al, 2010). In this study the average energy intake of the subject is relatively less when compared with the number of nutritional adequacy for athletes (energy intake) subject 2.134 + 231 kcal, while the nutritional adequacy rate 2.834 kcal. The energy intake below the sufficiency required will have an effect on the availability of energy for muscle contraction which in turn is related to muscle strength.
The results also showed no relationship between protein intake with muscle strength. But there is a tendency to increase protein intake and muscle strength increases. Food intake, especially protein, is highly influential in muscle mass through changes in protein synthesis, with increased protein intake leading to a positive increase in protein balance leading to increased protein synthesis (Tarnopolsky MA, 1992). Increased protein synthesis slowly results in muscle hypertrophy that ultimately affects muscle strength (Rasmussen, 2000). Increased protein intake should be balanced with adequate energy intake, energy intake will have an impact on the increase in muscle mass. If the energy intake is less then the protein will be broken down as an energy source. When the duration of exercise increases, the protein
The 1st Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sports Science 2017
exercise frequency 5-6 times per week), need to consume foods consisting of 55-65% carbohydrates (5-8 g / kg / day) in order to keeping the liver and muscle glycogen deposits (Kreider et al, 2010).
The results of data analysis also showed no significant relationship between fat intake with muscle strength (p value> 0.05). Fat is the main source of energy for long-duration sports with low to moderate intensity. According to the Kemenkes RI (2014). Fat requirement ranges from 20 - 45% of total calorie requirement. When consuming less than 20% less fat than the total caloric needs will not give an advantage on physical performance. Similarly, if consuming more fat 45% of total caloric needs then it will be dangerous for athlete health. Although it does not directly play a role in improving performance, certain amounts of fats are still needed by the body for organ function and hormone formation. Fat needs of athletes is recommended 20-45% of total calories required. The need for this fat should be sufficient to form fatty tissue. Excess fat intake causes fat buildup in the adipose tissue that eventually leads to obesity. There has not been a significant relationship between fat intake and muscle strength of table tennis athletes is likely due to lack of energy intake causing fat intake used to provide energy for the entire body metabolism. According to ADA (2000) the recommendation for the adequacy of saturated fatty acids is 10% of energy adequacy, PUFA fatty acid is 10% and MUFA fatty acid is 10%. Athletes should ensure that fat intake is not too low.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION Conclusion
On average, the energy intake has just reached 76.5% from the requirement of nutrient for one day, the protein intake was 73.7%, and fat intake only fulfills 51.8% from that of needed by an athlete. The average iron intake has reached up 139.8%, but the vitamin C intake is still poor, only 42.5% from that of it is requirement. There are 95.0% athletes who consumed protein under the amount needed for daily physical activities, and carbohydrate consumed is still below 75.0%. All athletes (100.0%) still consume vitamin C below the standard it is needed by an athlete. In addition, 95.0% of athletes still consume fat below the amount is required for one day. This research proves that the nutrient demanded by the athlete is still incompatible with athletes’ daily activities. There were no significant correlation between nutrient intake (protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium and phosphor and energy) with muscle strength (p > 0.05).
Suggestion
Recommend to athlete to improve food consumption containing nutrition for mainly protein. Suggestion to the sports organizers to improve the quality of athlete menu according to health standards.
REFERENCES
ADA. 2000. Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of academy of nutrition and dietetic, Vol.100, no. 12, p. 1543
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Almatsier S. 2004. Prinsip dasar ilmu gizi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Boye J, Wijesinha-
Bettoni R, Burlingame B, 2012. “Protein quality evaluation twenty years after the introduction of the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score method”. Br.J.Nutr. [Internet]. 2012 Oct [cited 2016 Aug 28]. 108.S2 :S183-211. Available from:http://search.proquest.com/indexinglinkhandler/ Hardinsyah, Martianto, D, 1989. Menaksir kecukupan energi dan protein serta penilaian mutu gizi konsumsi pangan. Jakarta: Wirasari. Jeukendrup A, Gleeson M. Sport Nutrition, an introduction to energy production and Performance. USA: Human Kinetics. Kemenkes RI, 2011, Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 1995/Menkes/SK/XII/2010 tentang standar antropometri penilaian status gizi. Jakarta:Direktorat Bina Gizi, Kementerian
Kesehatan RI. Kemenkes RI, 2014. Pedoman Gizi Olahraga Prestasi. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Kreider RB, et al, 2010. “ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations”. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Vol.7, 2010.