THE LOGICAL FUNCTION IN “SIMATE-MATE”(THE MOURNING TRADITION OF KARONESE’S CULTURE).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, all the praise to the Almighty God for the blessing, mercy,
and guidance in giving the writer full strength and patience to complete this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of
Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer has been helped by a lot of beloved
people especially for the loyal supporters. Therefore, the writer would like to
express her sincere and greatest gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts for her leadership and administrative assistance during the process of
writing this thesis.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department,
RikaS.Pd, M.Hum., Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri,
M.A., the Head of English Literature Department, and Dra. Masitowarni,
M.Ed., the Head of English Education Department.
Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum., her thesis adviser, for the advice, guidance, critic
comment, valuable knowledge, and precious time she spent in correcting
during the completion of this thesis.
Dr. Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL, M.Hum., as her beloved academic adviser.
and guided the writer during academic years.
All beloved lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised
Her beloved parents, Tino Ginting and mother, Roselli Perangin-angin
for the pray, love, moral and financial support.
Her best friends, (Sanita, Istra, Sartika, Indra, Saima, Rudi, and Mistiaty)
for the support and time together and Students of English Department in
Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’10, that could not be mentioned one by
ii
one. Thanks for their support, info, assistance, and best moment ever
during the academic years.
Mam Endah and Mam Euis, for helping the writer in preparing the files
for the purposes of this thesis.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete, may all the assistance can be their charity. Over all, the writer hopes
this thesis can give a bit contribution many people especially in English
Department of Unimed. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices
are expected from the readers.
Medan, Juni 2014
The writer,
Yohana Ginting
Reg. Number: 210 322 0047
iii
ABSTRACT
Ginting, Yohana. The Logical function in “Simate-mate” (The Mourning
Tradition of Karonese’s Culture: A Thesis. Medan: Faculty of Language and
Arts, State University of Medan. 2014.
This thesis deals with logical function in “Simate-mate” (The Mourning Tradition
of Karonese’s Culture). The objectives of the study are to find out the types of
logical function, describe the social value, and find out the implication of this
mourning tradition of Karonese. The research is conducted by a qualitative
descriptive approach, which makes a description of the situation or
event/occurrence. The data of this study is about the utterances that used in this
mourning tradition. The research findings indicate that they were five types of
logical function which obtained from the analysis of each data. They were
elaboration 10 (8,13%), extension 18 (14,63%), enhancement 59 (47,96%),
locution 30 (24,39%), and idea 6 (6,50%). The content of social values in the
mourning tradition of karonese’s culture has function to motivate, advice, amuse,
and strengthen the condolences family. They had some aspects of communication
and have context of implication namely, emotional expression, aesthetical, and
educational function that can be as the reflection for the people about the
importance of this tradition for the readers especially young generation.
Keywords: Functional Grammar, Logical Function, Sociolinguistics.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLE............................................................................................
vi
LIST OF APPENDIX ....................................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ....................................................................
1
B. Problems of the Study ..........................................................................
3
C. Objective of the Study..........................................................................
3
D. Scope of the Study ...............................................................................
4
E. Significance of the Study .....................................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................
5
A. Functional Grammar ..........................................................................
5
B. Logical Function .................................................................................
7
C. Taxis .....................................................................................................
8
D. Logico-Semantic Relation....................................................................
10
E. Culture .................................................................................................
14
F. Simate-mate (The Mourning Tradition in Karonese’s Culture) ...........
15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
20
A. Research Design ..................................................................................
20
B. The Source of the Data .........................................................................
20
C. The Place of Conducting Research ......................................................
20
D. Technique of Collecting Data ..............................................................
21
E. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................
21
F. Instrument of Collecting the Data ........................................................
22
iv
CHAPTER IV DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS .........................................
23
A. The Data ...............................................................................................
23
B. The Data Analysis ................................................................................
23
C. Research Findings ................................................................................
37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................
40
A. Conclusion............................................................................................
40
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................
41
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
42
APPENDIX A .................................................................................................
43
APPENDIX B .................................................................................................
48
APPENDIX C .................................................................................................
55
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 Univariate and Multivariate Structure ...........................................
8
Table 2.2 Basis Types of Clause Complex....................................................
13
Table 4.1 The Types of Logical function Uttered by AnakBeru ...................
24
Table 4.2 The Types of Logical Function Uttered by Kalimbubu ................
25
Table 4.3 The Types of Logical Function Uttered by Neighbor ...................
26
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
The Analysis of the Types of Logical Function in the
Mourning Tradition of Karonese .........................................
APPENDIX B
43
The Utterances of the Types of Logical Function in the
ournng Tradition of Karonese ..............................................
48
APPENDIX C The Mourning Tradition of Karonese in Kuta Buluh
Village..................................................................................
vii
58
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Language is a unique human inheritance that plays important role in
human’s life, such as in thinking, communication, idea, and negotiating with
others. Language is part of culture. It plays a very important role in it to show the
identity, the way to speak or communication, and culture is also included in part
of human’s life because there is a rule to manage of human’s life in delivering
ideas, communication, and doing negotiating that must be obeyed by certain
people that run the culture in their environment’s life.
Sociolinguistics is study about the relationship between language and the
way of using language in the society. It studies language in society, where in
identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey
social meaning especially in culture regulation.Some people believe that culture is
kind of a sacred rule that must be followed in term to regulate their life in a good
possesslike “simate-mate” one of the mourning tradition in Karonese’s culture.
The mourning tradition is a unique and sacred ceremonywhich is performed by
Karonese’s people to show their sorrow. It has implication functions as
communication, social value, emotional expression, aesthetical, and educational
functions absolutely.
The example :“kam nge ngenca si banci nami-nami anakta e, gelah tutus
ia sekolah.”means, “just the only you can advice our son, so that he can study
well”.In that clausesprove that even inside intwo clauses, it can express many
functions like communication, social value, emotional expression, and educational
1
2
functions. In communication: here a wife tries to communicate and says that the
only he (her husband) can advice his son to study well. In social value: he was
known as a wise and firm father that is way he could teach his son to study well.
In emotional expression: because of really losing to her husband, so she exposes
her covet that he was the only man could teach their son nobody else. And in
educational function is to teach us about a father can teach her son well and
wisely.
There are also many various clausesin the mourning tradition of
Karonese’s culture that are uttered by the speaker in this tradition that relate to the
logical function.In logical function the clauses can be regulated, Halliday (1994a:
225-73) sets out two broad types of conjunctive relations between clauses of equal
status : projection and expansion.For every clauses or utterances that are uttered
by the speaker is really important in expressing her/his condolences for the left
family by the corpse.The unique of this “simate-mate” tradition is sometimes a
family shows their deep sorrow like speaking with a live person, they describe a
thing like a person. It is a normal expressing where everybody around there
especially for Karo’s people will appreciate and respect it as a serious condolence
of losing someone important in their life ever.
For every the utterances contain social value which must be kept by the
next generation to stand this culture from the extinction. Unfortunately, just part
of old people knows about this and most of young generation doesn’t know about
this social values or moral lesson of this unique tradition.
3
So, here the writer tries to analysis this mourning tradition because of the
minim lesson about this unique tradition nowdays, this analysis will help the
readers to know about the social value in mourning tradition and to preserve
mourning tradition from the modernization development and can be a reflection
for the society as the moral lesson in life especially for young generation because
of the minim lesson and minus realization about this tradition for this time.
B. Problem of the Study
As related to the background of the study above, the problems of the study
can be formulated as following:
1. What types of logical function are found in mourning tradition in
Karonese’s culture?
2. What are the social values in mourning tradition in Karonese’s culture?
3. What context of implication is this mourning tradition?
C. Objective of the Study
Based on the problem of the study above, the objectives of this studyare:
1. To find out the types of logical function in mourning tradition in
Karonese’s culture.
2. To describe the social values of mourning tradition in Karonese’s culture.
3. To find out the implication ofthis mourning tradition.
4
D. Scope of the Study
This study is focused on”Logical Function in “Simate-mate” (The
MourningTraditionin Karonese’s culture).”
It is limited just through the
utterances are used in the mourning ceremony of Karonese where “Simate-mate”
is usually taken in “Jambur” the place where the Anak Beru, Kalimbubu, and
neighbor are gathering toexpress their condolences and led by the elements of
Karonese music.
E. Significance of the Study
Theoretically, the findings of this study can be as insight and enrichment
for those who want to conduct a research related to thelogical function in
mourning tradition in Karonese culture. Practically, the findings of this study will
be useful for the societiesand has good contribution especially for the young
generation to appreciate this unique tradition and not to forget many social values
that can be achieved through this tradition.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, conclusions are drawn as the following
1. There are five types of logical functions that are classified from expansion,
and projection used in the mourning tradition of Karonese utterances. They
are elaboration, extension, enhancement, locution, and idea. The
occurrences of elaborations are 10 (8,13%) utterances. The occurrences of
extensions are 18 (14,63%) utterances. The occurrences of enhancements
are 59 (47,96%) utterances. The occurrences of locutions are 30 (24,39%)
utterances. The occurrences of ideas are 6 (6,50%) utterances. The most
dominant type of logical function is enhancement.
2. Enhancements types show that Karonese always express their sorrow in
Simate-mate tradition by expanding the utterances, qualifying it with some
circumstantial feature of time, place, cause or condition. In those
qualifying, there are utterances which show many social values. In this
case the social value is in the mourning tradition tends to motivate, advice,
amuse, and strengthen the condolences family by giving the pengapul.
3. The implication of this mourning tradition have many function in life, such
as communication, social value, emotional expression, aesthetical, and
educational function.
40
41
A. Suggestions
By considering the conclusion there are some suggestions which are presented
as follows:
1 The data of logical function was taken from the mourning tradition of
Karonese as the consideration to learn a new thing not only from the theory
but also from the direct application, so the readers can learn it and useful to
increase their understanding in logical function especially through this unique
tradition well.
2 It is suggested to the English teacher or lecturer, it is important to them as the
facilitator in teaching learning process to understand not only the theory but
also the application of logical function so that they can apply it in teaching.
This is really important for the readers to learn about logical function through
the mourning tradition of Karonese because there are many social values that can be
useful as the reflection of the life. As the result, the new generation will not forget the
importance of this tradition and easier them to find out about the logical function in
the mourning tradition of Karonese.
REFERENCES
David, G. 2000. Syntax in Functional Grammar. London: Continuum.
Ginting, Rosita. 2009. Nilai dan Fungsi Ndundungen Karo. Journal of the Mourning
Tradition of Karonese. Vol. 1. p 5-16.
Halliday, M.A.K.1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward
Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen. 2004 . An Introduction to Functional Grammar.
London.
https://www.google.com/#q=logico+semantic+relation+journal. Acceseed on 10th
januaryanuary 20014.
http://www.livescience.com. Accessed at 14th January 2014.
http://www.karo.or.id/gendang-kematian-dan-kematian-gendang-pada-masyarakatkaro). Accessed at 14th January 2014.
http: // www.silima-merga.blogspot.com. Accessed 14th January 2014.
Khalma, Edi. 2013. Bentuk Nuri-Nuri Pada Upacara Adat Kematian Suku Karo.
Jurnal: accessed at 22 September 2013.
Mariany, Tina and Farida. 2011. Cross Cultural Understanding. Medan: unpublished.
Prinst, Darwin. 2010. Kamus Karo Indonesia. Medan: Bina Media Perintis.
Punch, Keith F. 2000. Introduction to Social Research Quantitative and Qualtitative
Approaches. London: Sage Publications.
Rukmini, Dwi. 2010. The Logico-Semantic Relation of Clause Complexes in the
Abstracts of the Final Project Reports Produced by the English Department
Students. Journal of Pengembangan Humaniora .Vol. 10 No 3. p 108-114.
Siahaan, Hiace. 2011. Logical Meaning of Business Texts in the Jakarta Post. Journal
of Logical Meaning. Vol. 1. p 16-31.
www.google.com/m?q=logico+semantic. Accessed at 14th Jan 2014.
42
Alhamdulillah, all the praise to the Almighty God for the blessing, mercy,
and guidance in giving the writer full strength and patience to complete this thesis.
This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of
Sarjana Sastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State
University of Medan.
In accomplishing this thesis, the writer has been helped by a lot of beloved
people especially for the loyal supporters. Therefore, the writer would like to
express her sincere and greatest gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts for her leadership and administrative assistance during the process of
writing this thesis.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department,
RikaS.Pd, M.Hum., Secretary of English Department, Dra. Meisuri,
M.A., the Head of English Literature Department, and Dra. Masitowarni,
M.Ed., the Head of English Education Department.
Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum., her thesis adviser, for the advice, guidance, critic
comment, valuable knowledge, and precious time she spent in correcting
during the completion of this thesis.
Dr. Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL, M.Hum., as her beloved academic adviser.
and guided the writer during academic years.
All beloved lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised
Her beloved parents, Tino Ginting and mother, Roselli Perangin-angin
for the pray, love, moral and financial support.
Her best friends, (Sanita, Istra, Sartika, Indra, Saima, Rudi, and Mistiaty)
for the support and time together and Students of English Department in
Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’10, that could not be mentioned one by
ii
one. Thanks for their support, info, assistance, and best moment ever
during the academic years.
Mam Endah and Mam Euis, for helping the writer in preparing the files
for the purposes of this thesis.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complete, may all the assistance can be their charity. Over all, the writer hopes
this thesis can give a bit contribution many people especially in English
Department of Unimed. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices
are expected from the readers.
Medan, Juni 2014
The writer,
Yohana Ginting
Reg. Number: 210 322 0047
iii
ABSTRACT
Ginting, Yohana. The Logical function in “Simate-mate” (The Mourning
Tradition of Karonese’s Culture: A Thesis. Medan: Faculty of Language and
Arts, State University of Medan. 2014.
This thesis deals with logical function in “Simate-mate” (The Mourning Tradition
of Karonese’s Culture). The objectives of the study are to find out the types of
logical function, describe the social value, and find out the implication of this
mourning tradition of Karonese. The research is conducted by a qualitative
descriptive approach, which makes a description of the situation or
event/occurrence. The data of this study is about the utterances that used in this
mourning tradition. The research findings indicate that they were five types of
logical function which obtained from the analysis of each data. They were
elaboration 10 (8,13%), extension 18 (14,63%), enhancement 59 (47,96%),
locution 30 (24,39%), and idea 6 (6,50%). The content of social values in the
mourning tradition of karonese’s culture has function to motivate, advice, amuse,
and strengthen the condolences family. They had some aspects of communication
and have context of implication namely, emotional expression, aesthetical, and
educational function that can be as the reflection for the people about the
importance of this tradition for the readers especially young generation.
Keywords: Functional Grammar, Logical Function, Sociolinguistics.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
iv
LIST OF TABLE............................................................................................
vi
LIST OF APPENDIX ....................................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ....................................................................
1
B. Problems of the Study ..........................................................................
3
C. Objective of the Study..........................................................................
3
D. Scope of the Study ...............................................................................
4
E. Significance of the Study .....................................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................
5
A. Functional Grammar ..........................................................................
5
B. Logical Function .................................................................................
7
C. Taxis .....................................................................................................
8
D. Logico-Semantic Relation....................................................................
10
E. Culture .................................................................................................
14
F. Simate-mate (The Mourning Tradition in Karonese’s Culture) ...........
15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
20
A. Research Design ..................................................................................
20
B. The Source of the Data .........................................................................
20
C. The Place of Conducting Research ......................................................
20
D. Technique of Collecting Data ..............................................................
21
E. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................
21
F. Instrument of Collecting the Data ........................................................
22
iv
CHAPTER IV DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS .........................................
23
A. The Data ...............................................................................................
23
B. The Data Analysis ................................................................................
23
C. Research Findings ................................................................................
37
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................
40
A. Conclusion............................................................................................
40
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................
41
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
42
APPENDIX A .................................................................................................
43
APPENDIX B .................................................................................................
48
APPENDIX C .................................................................................................
55
v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1 Univariate and Multivariate Structure ...........................................
8
Table 2.2 Basis Types of Clause Complex....................................................
13
Table 4.1 The Types of Logical function Uttered by AnakBeru ...................
24
Table 4.2 The Types of Logical Function Uttered by Kalimbubu ................
25
Table 4.3 The Types of Logical Function Uttered by Neighbor ...................
26
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
The Analysis of the Types of Logical Function in the
Mourning Tradition of Karonese .........................................
APPENDIX B
43
The Utterances of the Types of Logical Function in the
ournng Tradition of Karonese ..............................................
48
APPENDIX C The Mourning Tradition of Karonese in Kuta Buluh
Village..................................................................................
vii
58
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Language is a unique human inheritance that plays important role in
human’s life, such as in thinking, communication, idea, and negotiating with
others. Language is part of culture. It plays a very important role in it to show the
identity, the way to speak or communication, and culture is also included in part
of human’s life because there is a rule to manage of human’s life in delivering
ideas, communication, and doing negotiating that must be obeyed by certain
people that run the culture in their environment’s life.
Sociolinguistics is study about the relationship between language and the
way of using language in the society. It studies language in society, where in
identifying the social functions of language and the ways it is used to convey
social meaning especially in culture regulation.Some people believe that culture is
kind of a sacred rule that must be followed in term to regulate their life in a good
possesslike “simate-mate” one of the mourning tradition in Karonese’s culture.
The mourning tradition is a unique and sacred ceremonywhich is performed by
Karonese’s people to show their sorrow. It has implication functions as
communication, social value, emotional expression, aesthetical, and educational
functions absolutely.
The example :“kam nge ngenca si banci nami-nami anakta e, gelah tutus
ia sekolah.”means, “just the only you can advice our son, so that he can study
well”.In that clausesprove that even inside intwo clauses, it can express many
functions like communication, social value, emotional expression, and educational
1
2
functions. In communication: here a wife tries to communicate and says that the
only he (her husband) can advice his son to study well. In social value: he was
known as a wise and firm father that is way he could teach his son to study well.
In emotional expression: because of really losing to her husband, so she exposes
her covet that he was the only man could teach their son nobody else. And in
educational function is to teach us about a father can teach her son well and
wisely.
There are also many various clausesin the mourning tradition of
Karonese’s culture that are uttered by the speaker in this tradition that relate to the
logical function.In logical function the clauses can be regulated, Halliday (1994a:
225-73) sets out two broad types of conjunctive relations between clauses of equal
status : projection and expansion.For every clauses or utterances that are uttered
by the speaker is really important in expressing her/his condolences for the left
family by the corpse.The unique of this “simate-mate” tradition is sometimes a
family shows their deep sorrow like speaking with a live person, they describe a
thing like a person. It is a normal expressing where everybody around there
especially for Karo’s people will appreciate and respect it as a serious condolence
of losing someone important in their life ever.
For every the utterances contain social value which must be kept by the
next generation to stand this culture from the extinction. Unfortunately, just part
of old people knows about this and most of young generation doesn’t know about
this social values or moral lesson of this unique tradition.
3
So, here the writer tries to analysis this mourning tradition because of the
minim lesson about this unique tradition nowdays, this analysis will help the
readers to know about the social value in mourning tradition and to preserve
mourning tradition from the modernization development and can be a reflection
for the society as the moral lesson in life especially for young generation because
of the minim lesson and minus realization about this tradition for this time.
B. Problem of the Study
As related to the background of the study above, the problems of the study
can be formulated as following:
1. What types of logical function are found in mourning tradition in
Karonese’s culture?
2. What are the social values in mourning tradition in Karonese’s culture?
3. What context of implication is this mourning tradition?
C. Objective of the Study
Based on the problem of the study above, the objectives of this studyare:
1. To find out the types of logical function in mourning tradition in
Karonese’s culture.
2. To describe the social values of mourning tradition in Karonese’s culture.
3. To find out the implication ofthis mourning tradition.
4
D. Scope of the Study
This study is focused on”Logical Function in “Simate-mate” (The
MourningTraditionin Karonese’s culture).”
It is limited just through the
utterances are used in the mourning ceremony of Karonese where “Simate-mate”
is usually taken in “Jambur” the place where the Anak Beru, Kalimbubu, and
neighbor are gathering toexpress their condolences and led by the elements of
Karonese music.
E. Significance of the Study
Theoretically, the findings of this study can be as insight and enrichment
for those who want to conduct a research related to thelogical function in
mourning tradition in Karonese culture. Practically, the findings of this study will
be useful for the societiesand has good contribution especially for the young
generation to appreciate this unique tradition and not to forget many social values
that can be achieved through this tradition.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, conclusions are drawn as the following
1. There are five types of logical functions that are classified from expansion,
and projection used in the mourning tradition of Karonese utterances. They
are elaboration, extension, enhancement, locution, and idea. The
occurrences of elaborations are 10 (8,13%) utterances. The occurrences of
extensions are 18 (14,63%) utterances. The occurrences of enhancements
are 59 (47,96%) utterances. The occurrences of locutions are 30 (24,39%)
utterances. The occurrences of ideas are 6 (6,50%) utterances. The most
dominant type of logical function is enhancement.
2. Enhancements types show that Karonese always express their sorrow in
Simate-mate tradition by expanding the utterances, qualifying it with some
circumstantial feature of time, place, cause or condition. In those
qualifying, there are utterances which show many social values. In this
case the social value is in the mourning tradition tends to motivate, advice,
amuse, and strengthen the condolences family by giving the pengapul.
3. The implication of this mourning tradition have many function in life, such
as communication, social value, emotional expression, aesthetical, and
educational function.
40
41
A. Suggestions
By considering the conclusion there are some suggestions which are presented
as follows:
1 The data of logical function was taken from the mourning tradition of
Karonese as the consideration to learn a new thing not only from the theory
but also from the direct application, so the readers can learn it and useful to
increase their understanding in logical function especially through this unique
tradition well.
2 It is suggested to the English teacher or lecturer, it is important to them as the
facilitator in teaching learning process to understand not only the theory but
also the application of logical function so that they can apply it in teaching.
This is really important for the readers to learn about logical function through
the mourning tradition of Karonese because there are many social values that can be
useful as the reflection of the life. As the result, the new generation will not forget the
importance of this tradition and easier them to find out about the logical function in
the mourning tradition of Karonese.
REFERENCES
David, G. 2000. Syntax in Functional Grammar. London: Continuum.
Ginting, Rosita. 2009. Nilai dan Fungsi Ndundungen Karo. Journal of the Mourning
Tradition of Karonese. Vol. 1. p 5-16.
Halliday, M.A.K.1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward
Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen. 2004 . An Introduction to Functional Grammar.
London.
https://www.google.com/#q=logico+semantic+relation+journal. Acceseed on 10th
januaryanuary 20014.
http://www.livescience.com. Accessed at 14th January 2014.
http://www.karo.or.id/gendang-kematian-dan-kematian-gendang-pada-masyarakatkaro). Accessed at 14th January 2014.
http: // www.silima-merga.blogspot.com. Accessed 14th January 2014.
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