LANGUAGE PRODUCTION OF ONE AND A HALF YEAR OLD CHILDREN.

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LANGUAGE PRODUCTION OF ONE AND
A HALF YEAR OLD CHILDREN

A THESIS
Submitted to the f.ngilsh AppUed UngulsUcs Depart.m
A HALF YEAR OLD CHTLDRRN

A THESIS
Arranged and Proposed by

ERNITA DAULAY
Reg. No: 035010110

Has been defended before thesis Examination
Committee, on July 2i 2005

and declared to have fulfilled the requirements

Approved by
Consultant Commission

Consultant I

~

Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibhl~
Nip: 130344775

Consultant II

-~
Prof. Tina Marianv Arifin, Ph.D., M.A.
Nip: 130095890

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Head of English Applied Linguistics
Program

Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibaho
Nip: 130344775

I

Prof.Dr. Belferik Manullang
Nip: 130518778

Name

: Ernita Daulay

Reg.No

: 035010110

Program

: English Applied Linguistics

Title

:Language Production of One And A Half Year Old Children

Approved on : July 27th 2005

Prof.Dr.Jawasi Naibaho

Prof. Tina Mariany Arifin, Ph.D., M ..A.

Prof.D.P.Tampubolon., Ph.D.

Prof. Amrin Saragih,Ph.D., M.A.

(Prof.Dr. nelfcrik Manullang)
Nip: 130518778

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Praise be to God, the "Almighty", the merciful, and the "Most Beneficial" for His
Mercy and Beneficial without which the writer would have never been able to complete
her task in obtaining the degree of Master Degree of I-Iumaniora of the English Applied
Linguistics Study, State University ofMedan.
This study, in its present form is not without the support and assistance of many
people. There are many people to thank as no academic pursuit is solitary. Along the
way, the writer has been driven, inspired and supported by the following distinguished
and most appreciative persons.
rro mention a few, she would like to express her deepest gratitude to Prof. Dr.
Jawasi Naibaho, her first consultant, for ideas, criticisms and corrections from the very
beginning up to this special day.
Next, very special her appreciation goes to Prof.Tina Mariany Arifin, PhD., M.A.
her second consultant, for most valuable time spent in giving the direct guidance,
criticism and corrections from the very beginning up to this special day.

Secretary of the Program, for her helps in all administration matters and deep mental
support, and all the lectures who have taught a lot of knowledge to her. May God protect
them in all activities they oo.

lll

Furthermore, the writer's sincerest thanks goes to her beloved father, H. Ruslan
Daulay,BBA and mother, Hj. Netty Herawaty Nst, BBA, her sisters, Lenniaty Daulay,
Msc and Rizkia Daulay and brothers MHD. Affan Daulay,ST and Azhar Efendi Daulay,
S.Ked. Her Grandma, Hj.Siti Gom-Gom Nst, For the care, support, prayers and~y
other things that have been given to her.
Her special thanks is directed to her dear friend, MHD. Junaidi, S.Pd who has
helped me during her study and in the process of writing her thesis. Last but not least, her
final thanks goes to all her kind friends who have contributed very much to her
improvement in English. Few that the writer can mention here: Kak Melda, Kak Yanti,
Tini, Rere, Rini, Nana, Lena, Bapak Tobing, Bapak Simatupang, Bapak Simanjuntak,
Bapak Chaerul and Bapak Marpaung. Also to my classmates at LTBI, her fiiends from
LPK.DiNaMit and SMK Medan Putri (Bapak Syarifuddin, S.Pd) f(>r whom she cannot
mention one by one.
Finally, she realizes that this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, any
suggestions or criticisms for the improvement of this thesis arc warmly appreciated.

Medan,

July 2005

Emita Daulav
Reg. No. 035010110

JV

ABSTRACT

Daulay, Ernita. Language Production of One And A Half Year Old Children.
Thesis, English Applied Linguistics Graduate Program. UNIMEO. 2005
The main objective of this thesis is to discover the children's language
production. The instruments used were observation of the children' language production
and interview session with their parents. The subjects were three children of one and a
half years old, two female and one male.
A qualitative research was applied. The overall result shows that the three
children in the process of language production have some the linguistic aspects in the
similarities were three children able to pronow1cc Indonesian's vowels and consonants
and the differences were three children produced types' word-utterances in the different

sounds. For the children language production, their developments seem to be very much
concemed with the influence of the caretakers and people aroun
care and attention should be given to children.

ABSTRAK
Daulay, Emita Pemcrolchan Hahasa Pada Anak Satu Sctcngah Tahun.:. Tesis,
Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pasca Satjana Universitas Negeri Mcdan.
2005.
Tujuan umwn dalam penelitian adalah untuk menemukan perkembangan bahasa
anak. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah melakukan obscrvasi kepada anak-anak dalam
pemerolehan bahasa dah tanya-jawab kcpada orang tua. Subjck pcnclitian ini adalah 3
(tiga) orang anak yang terdiri dari dua orang anak perempuan dan satu orang anak lakilaki, kctiga anak tcrsebut berusia satu setengah tahun.
Penelitian kualitatif telah dilakukan. Sesuai dengan basil penelitian memEUktikan
aspek
bahwa dalam proses pemerolehan bahasa anak memiliki beberapa persan1~
bahasa dimana ketiga anak dapat mengucapkan kata-kata dengan menggunakan beberapa

.

.

menghasilkan kat~
dalam bunyi yang berbeda. lJalam pemerolehan bahasa anak,
perkembangan bahasa mereka begitu berpengaruh terhadap para pengasuh dan orangorang disekitar mereka. Maka, perhatian yang khusus harus diberikan kepada para anak.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................ ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1

Z

1.1 The Background of the Study ........................................................... 2

1.2 The Problem of the Study ................................................................. 4
1.3 The Objectives of Study .................................................................... 5
1.4

The Significance of the Study .......................................................... 5
The Scope of and Limitation of The Study ...................................... 6

CHAPTER
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .............................................. 7

v

2.3

Language Acquisition ..................................................................... 12

2.3.2 Linguistic Approach ............................................................ 16

Words And Meaning ........................................................................ 20

2.4.1 Words .................................................................................. 20
2.4.2 Meaning .............................................................................. 21
Early Words .................................................................................... 22
One-Word Utterances ..................................................................... 22

2.7

Two-Word Utterances .................................................................... 24

CHAPTER
III

THE RESEARCH METHOD .............................................................. 27

3 .1

Research Design .............................................................................. 2 7

3.2

The Subjects .................................................................................... 28
Technique of Collecting the Data .................................................. 28-

3.3.1
3.3 .2 Observation ........................................................................ 29

3.4.3

Explanatory Aspects ......................................................... 34

3.4.5

Contexts ............................................................................ 38

vi

CHAPTER
IV

THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ...... :..................................... 43

4.1

The Data .................................................................................... 43

4.2

Data Collection ........................................................................ 43

4.3

The Subjects Background ........................................................ 44

4.4

The Data Analysis ..................................................................... 46

4.4.1.
4.5

The Result of Word-Utterances ................................... 46

The Findings ............................................................................ 47

CHAPTER
V

z

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS .......................................... 48

5.1

Conclusions ............................................................................ 48

5.2

Suggestions ............................................................................ 48

REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 50

APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 52-87

VII

LIST OF TABLES

Table

3.1

'f

IJV
~

Page

Data Subjects .............................................................................. 28

3.2

) riyentories ............................... :: ...................... .'........................... 31

3.3

Pattern of Production .............................. ."................................... 33

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3..4 -3:6 _ Contexts in Indonesian's vowels ................................................. 38

3.7-39

Contexts in Indonesian's Consonants .......................................... 40

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viii

LIST OF APENDIC}i~S

Appendi}{

~

The Bio Data of the Subjects ......................................................... 52
Interview ......................... :.........................~ ................................... 62

2
3

:::::::.

-Observations .. .... ... ...... .... ........... .... ........ .... ..... ........... .... ........ ... .... 63

4

~

The Results of Observations ... .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .... ... . .... ... ... ... .. . 65

Q

~

lX

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CHAPTER!
INTRODUCTION

.-------·--MILIK PERPUST AK~­
UNIMEU

One of the most remarkable characteristics of human beings is that virtually
every single one acquires a language at a very young age. This fact is even more
remarkable considering the full complexity of the system, which is acquired. Human
beings have been blessed with the gift of words, which differentiate them from other
creatures in the world. Language is not a concrete set of things out in the world that
can be pointed to or measured. Rather, it is something inside the human brains or.
minds.
Any normal human infant will acquire language during development of the
infant. The language that infants acquire is shaped by the cognitive development of
the infants, and the environment where infant lived in. If a language is to be used by
human, a person who grows up among people who already know the language, even
though these others have no self-conscious knowledge on how to teach it, a language
is said to be acquired. By exposure, practice, trial and error, children must be able to

They must be able to move, step by step from simple beginnings to the full language
of adulthood.

1.1 The Background of the Study
Language is used for many purposes such as communication, interactions,
thinking, solving problems, indicating facts, expressing feelings, and others. We use a
language is used every day, face~tolangu~

as a means of communication, while written

allows every individual to record all essential materials so that they can be

passed on to the generations. Language also allows us to coordinate with others, it is
possible to gain information, find out answers, and carry out every day activities such
as gossiping, making funs, writing memos, reading newspapers, learning history,
enjoying novels, greeting friends, telling stories, selling cars, and reading
instructions.
For many years, a language was assumed that the structure of what had been
acquired (the language) was understood and that a list of the sounds, words and
sentences types produced by children at the various stage of development would be
an adequate description of the process of language acquisition. In formal
development, all children go through a babbling period before words and sentences
are being produced, just as all children experienced the process of falling down and
sit before they can a walk. In addition, these language acquisition processes are
largely resistant to distortion. If a child is severely mentally retarded or glossily
physiologically impa~red

in,. some ways such as being deaf or brain damaged these

processes are disturoed and language incomprehension, autism, or specific language

2

Clark (2000: 12) asserts that first language acquisition takes a comprehensive
look at where and when children acquire a first language. It integrates social and
cognitive approaches to how children analyze, understand, and produce sounds,
words, and sentences, as they learn to use language to cooperate and achieve goals. It
also takes a usage-based approach in considering what children learn. The pragmatic
factors in language use are emphasized researches on which word-formation and on
bilingualism and dialect-choice. During the infant or early childhood period, children
learn to express things by using speech sounds. Whenever they feel hungry, thirsty, or
hurt, they produce speech sounds such as crying. They are still not able to say what
they want.
It is a fact that language acquisition is a crucial process in the attempt of
understanding language development more deeply; Krashen (1985:1) asserts that
acquisition refers to the subconscious process identical in all-important ways to the
process children utilize in acquiring their first language.
Descriptions of language acquisition and development have indicated certain
facts that can be observed intensively. An infant produces a number of sounds such as
grunts, cries, and gaps, etc because of the physiological states. The infant begins to
produce a number of sounds that are different in acoustic composition from those
produced which appear to provoke them is also different. The function of language
will depend largely on one's point of view. From a biological viewpo

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angue

can be interpreted as ha:ving evolved as a behavioral car.acity because it is
biologically adaptive, useful in promoting the survival of human as a species.
Psychologically, language can be viewed, at least in part, as behavior that indirectly
serves the biological, social, or aesthetic needs of the individual.

3

-

This study is an attempt to analyze the pro: ess of development of the
language ___,..
rod~ctinp

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research on L ~

guae

-

.... gf- one a half year old. The resa

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~ h ei ' .. trci ~ d ' t o

focus to her

Production ofOne A Half Year Old.

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1.2 The Problem of the Study

~ n ( the study of a child's language development, there are of course l[lany

problems to be solved, and a study should be conducted. There are many questions to
be...answered. The answers will increase the scientific and academic values in the
process of being able to understand the process of a child's language development
which can be said to be complicated. This is due to the fact that in many cases. The
acquisition of a language is specific something very understand the chi ld.
It is a requirement to understand the child's family background. If that is

understood, perhaps some, if not all the problems can be solve. A study on the
language acquisition can be very interesting and challenging. It is important to be
~

studied so that the development can be well understood. After presenting the
background of the study, there are questions to be answered this study. They
formulated

~ as

follows:

_

1. What language aspects are produced by children of one

...

ahalf year old?

2.

How do children produce the language aspects?

3.

Is there any different language aspects produced by children of one a half
year old?

~

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4

1.3 The Objectives of Study
A study_on a cliild's language is always interesting ana -will,£ontripute a great
deal in the process of a child' s mental development. As has be en mentioned that this
research focus on language production of one a half year oldr.,....'i"ol analyze the
language aspects produced by children of one a halfyear old.
lfhe objectives of the study as conveyed in the problems of the study are:
1. To find out the language aspects are produced by children of one a half

year old.

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2. To find out how children produce the language aspects.
3.

To find out ifthere is any different language aspects produced by children
of one a half year old.

1.4 The Significance of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful as an input for the
mo_dif1cation of an analysis on language production. It is intended to be addressed
about the language acquisition on one and a half years old children.
To ·show parents, teachers as well as experts' in speech produce of language
acquisit:on development:

3

5

1.5 The Scope and Limitation of the Study

.......
There ru:e

~ fnay

~ aspect

on language production that can be ~ studie.

such as

syntax on one-word utterances and tw