Optimization of Legowo Row Cropping System in Rice Paddy Cultivation.

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1

The 16th FOOD INNOVATION ASIA CONFERENCE 2014
12 -13 June 2014, BITEC Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand

Optimization of Legowo Row Cropping System In Rice Paddy Cultivation
Sumiyati1*, I Wayan Tika1, Wayan Windia2, Ni Nyoman Sulastri1, I Putu Gede Budisanjaya1
1

Departement of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology,
Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.

2

Departement of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.
*

Corresponding author: sumiyatiftpunud@gmail.com, sumiyati@ftp.unud.ac.id

Abstract
One of the factors that affect s plant growth is spacing. Plant spacing distance affects the
microclimate condition and at the end will influence plant growth and productivity of rice paddy.
The purpose of this study is to obtain optimal spacing distance of row cropping system (Legowo)
in order to improve rice productivity in subak system. The study was conducted in Subak Suala,
Pitera village, Penebel distric, Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The study consisted of 5
treatments of spacing distance width, namely: K0 (Control, spacing distance based on local
farmer practices = 28 cm), K1 (Legowo width of 1.25 x row spacing = 35 cm), K2 (Legowo
width of 1.50 x row spacing = 42 cm), K3 (Legowo width of 1.75 x row spacing = 49 cm), and
K4 (Legowo width of 2.0 x row spacing = 56 cm). Every treatment was repeated 3 times, thus
there were 15 demonstration plots. The observation variables in the study included: panicle
length, number of grains per panicle, weight of grains per clumb, weight of 100 grains, the
productivity per area unit. The result was obtained were an increase in panicle length, number of
grains per panicle, and weight of 100 grains. K3 treatment showed a higher production compared
to other treatments.

Keywords: Rice cultivation, Legowo row cropping system, Productivity

Introduction
Rice is the staple crop for most Asian countries. In Indonesia, rice is generally cultivated
in paddy fields both irrigated and rainfed areas. In Bali, rice fields were managed by Subak

2

The 16th FOOD INNOVATION ASIA CONFERENCE 2014
12 -13 June 2014, BITEC Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand

irrigation system. Subak is a farmer organization which manages water irrigation in a rice field,
get water supply from a certain source, manages at least one subak temple, and self governing
association. Subak is listed as a world cultural heritage site.
One of the factors that affect plant growth is spacing. Plant spacing distance affects the
microclimate condition and at the end will influence plant growth and productivity of rice paddy.
This is because the micro-climatic conditions affect several important rice physiological
processes such as stomata aperture, transpiration rate, water and nutrients absorption rate,
photosynthesis, and respiration.
Some cultivated area with Subak Irrigation Systems in Bali have already implemented
legowo row planting system. Legowo row planting system is plant population arrangement
techniques in a particular unit of area, where among several groups of rows there will be an
empty wider elongated row and it is parallel to the rows of rice plants (Abdulrachman, 2012).
Those arrangements are expected to improve the suitability of micro-climatic conditions that
favor plant growth. Microclimates are in the form of climate variations on a small scope (Brooks,
1988). Appropriate microclimate conditions are intended to improve the productivity of rice
plants. With increased productivity, it will support the sustainability, especially in the field of
food. Bouma (2005) argued that the speed of growth and development of plants and crops, and of
pests, is strongly influenced by meteorological parameters.
The purpose of this study was to obtain optimal spacing distance of row cropping system
(Legowo) in order to improve rice productivity in subak system. Legowo system is
manipulating plant location, therefore as if plant is placed into a plant side more. Commonly
plant which is planted at the edge will result in high production and grain quality. This is
because the edge plant will get more sunlight. There are several types of Legowo row cropping
system. For example Legowo 6:1 is row cropping system which every six blank rows
interspersed with a line width of two times the line.

3

The 16th FOOD INNOVATION ASIA CONFERENCE 2014
12 -13 June 2014, BITEC Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand

Materials and Methods.
The study was conducted in Subak Suala, Pitera village, Penebel distric, Tabanan Regency, Bali,
Indonesia. Some instruments were used in this study are: measuring tape, hoe, hand tractor with
rotary plow, sickle, planting line maker tool, weeding tool, sprayer, scales, rope, scissors,
stationary, and harvesting tools. Materials were used include: Cigeulis rice seeds, fertilizer
(UREA and PONSKA (N, P2O5, K2O,S) (Anonymous, 2005)), and irrigation water. The first
dose of fertilizer was applied at the age of 20 days after transplanted ie 2 kg urea per acre and
Ponska 1 kg per acre. The second dose of fertilizer was applied at the age of 35 days after
transplanted ie 1 kg of urea per acre and Ponska 0.5 kg per acre.
The study consisted of 5 treatments of spacing distance width, namely: K0 (Control,
spacing distance based on local farmers practices = 28 cm), K1 (Legowo width of 1.25 x row
spacing = 35 cm), K2 (Legowo width of 1.50 x row spacing = 42 cm), K3 (Legowo width of
1.75 x row spacing = 49 cm), and K4 (Legowo width of 2.0 x row spacing = 56 cm). Every
treatment was repeated 3 times, thus there were 15 demonstration plots.
The observation variables in the study include: panicle length, number of grains per
panicle, weight of grains per clumb, weight of 100 grains, the productivity per area unit.

Research Implementation
Land preparation was divided into two stages, there were soil tillage and designing the
demonstration plot. Soil tillage stage included: gutters cleaning, repairing the rice field, plowing
using a hand tractor, rotary type, soil tillage using hoe for land that cannot be reached by tractor.
After those all, soil harrowing will be performed. 15 demonstration plots were designed
according to the total treatment in this study.

4

The 16th FOOD INNOVATION ASIA CONFERENCE 2014
12 -13 June 2014, BITEC Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand

Good Cigeulis rice paddy seeds were soaked about 2 days in order to stimulate the
germination process. When all seed started germinating, the seeds were ready to be placed in the
seedling place for 18 days.
The initial stage of transplantation is make line of plant row use specialized tool called
“caplak”. This stage was done a few hours prior seed transplantation was performed, so the lines
are clearly visible for planting. The 18 days-seedling were transplanted based on planting
spacing distance and legowo distance based on predefined treatment.
Weeding was done manually by hand and mechanically using a hedgehog. Pest control
was done by spraying insecticides. Harvesting was done when the rice paddy was 105 days after
planting.
Data collection
Samples were taken for productivity on a five-point diagonally on the demonstration
plots. Panicle length is measured from the base to the tip of the panicle. Number of grains per
panicle was calculated by separating the grain from the panicle first. Weight of grains per clump
was measured by weighing the grain produced on each sample clump. Weight of 100 grains
calculated with 100 grain separated and then weighed. Productivity per area unit was conducted
by sampling a few clumps at the time of harvest. To calculate production per plot using the
formula:

weight of grain per clump (kg)
Data Analysis
ANOVA test performed on each parameter. If the result gives a P value of