Integrating physical, chemical and biological parameters for water quality assessment in pepe river in Surakarta, Indonesia AWAL
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
INTEGRATING PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN PEPE RIVER IN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
Thesis Report
Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of Postgraduate Program for the Master
Degree in Environmental Science of Sebelas Maret University
By:
ABDALLAH .A. SALUM
NIM: A131308012
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSTY
SURAKARTA
2015 to user
commit
i
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
INTEGRATING PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PEPE RIVER IN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
A Thesis Report
By:
ABDALLAH .A. SALUM
NIM: A131308012
Supervisor
Committee
Supervisor I
Supervisor II
Name
Signature
Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons), Ph.D.
NIP: 196102231986011001
Dr. Sunarto M.S.
Date
...............
.........
.................
.........
NIP: 195406051991031002
Been Declared Eligible and Approved on this Date of
........................
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
GRADUATE PROGRAM,
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
commit
to user
(Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh.
Sri Budiastuti,
M.Si)
NIP: 1959120519850320012
ii
2015
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
INTEGRATING PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PEPE RIVER IN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
Thesis
Presented by:
ABDALLAH .A. SALUM
NIM: A131308012
Has been maintained in front of Examiners/Reviewers and has been declared eligible on the
date..........of ............2015
Reviewers
Committee
Chairperson:
Name
Dr. Pranoto M.Sc.
Signature
Date
.................
.........
195410301984031002
Secretary:
Dr. Wiryanto M.Si
.................
.........
NIP 195308011982031005
Member I
Member II
Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons), Ph.D.
NIP: 196102231986011001
.................. .........
Dr. Sunarto M.S
..................
NIP: 195406051991031002
..........
Certified By:
Director of Postgraduate Program
Head of
Sebelas Maret University
Environmental Science Study Program
Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M.Pd.
NIP. 196007271987021001
Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh. Sri Budiastuti, M.Si)
commit to user
NIP: 1959120519850320012
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ORIGINARITY AND PUBLICATION STATEMENT
I declare that:
The Thesis Entitled: Integrating Physicochemical and Biological Parameters for Water
Quality Assessment in Pepe River; it is my own work and free from plagiarism. It is
submitted for a degree of Masters of Environmental Science at Sebelas Maret University. It
has not been submitted or presented before for a degree in any other university. There is no
data or materials that have been presented by others to obtain academic degree and all that
material or data used in this text, sources is duly acknowledged and mentioned in the
bibliography. Therefore, if any part of this thesis found presented or published for academic
degree before I am liable for any academic discipline.
Name: ABDALLAH AMRAN SALUM
NIM: A131308012
Signature: ...........................................
Sebelas Maret University
Date ....................................2015
Aproved by:
....................
Signature....................................
Date.......................................2015
commit to user
iv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First I thank ALLAH (SW) for His Mercy to enable me to reach this level of education, for
guiding and granting me the ability to undertake and complete this work successfully, without
His mercy I couldn’t make it done.
Sincerely, the author would like to acknowledge Indonesia Ministry of Education
Department of Higher Learning (DIKTI) for awarding scholarship to study Master’s in
Indonesia. This work has been possible from the scholarship fund from DIKTI. I gratefully
thank and appreciate, without it I wouldn’t make it. To extend my sincere gratitude I would
like to express special thanks to;
1. Executive Director Kibaha Town Council (KTC) for offering three years study leave.
2. Prof. Dr. Ravik, Karsidi M.S., Rector UNS for his profound leadership.
3. Prof. Dr.Ir. Ahmad Yunus, M.S., Director of Postgraduate Study, for his profound
leadership, guardianship and highly listening and advice during my study in UNS.
4. The Head of Environmental Science study, Dr.Prabang Setyono M.Si., and his staffs
Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh. Sri Budiastuti, Mr. Wide M.Si., and Miss. Dina Slevia for their
assistance ever.
5. My first and second supervisors Prof. Ir. Ari Hadono Ramelan, MSc (Hons) Ph.D.,
and Dr. Sunarto, M.S., respectively for their valuable assistance, advice, guide,
encouragement and patience throughout the research period.
6. The Surakarta City Authority for permission to conduct research and use data and
information in Pepe River,
7. Sebelas Maret University Laboratory staffs, Mis Retno, the coordinator of Analysis in
Chemistry laboratory and her team. Mr. Hartono, the coordinator of Analysis in
Biology Laboratory and his team.
8. My assistance team of sampling, Mr. Adi from Chemistry Laboratory (my mentor) in
water Sampling and Analysis, Nur Muhammad and Mr. Arlindo during survey.
9. Special thanks to UBT2P Staffs, Ms. Triwanti, my Bahasa Indonesia Instructors, Ms
Rahen Suhita, Puspita and Astrid for assisting to have ability to use Bahasa.
10. My classmate for cooperative and sharing experiences, non-classmate friend’s for
assistance and cooperation made my study and life in Indonesia flexible.
11. Postgraduate Administration Office Staffs, Ms. Erna mustikasari, and Diana
Pranasanti, for the valuable hospitalities since the first day (night) of arrival and
continue until the departure day, together with accountant staffs enabled my smooth
study in UNS.
12. All Lecturers in Environmental Science Studies, Chemistry Science Education and
Bioscience departments for their valuable jobs.
13. Mr. Taufiq Al Makmun, Director of International Office and his staffs for tireless
assistance all the time on stay until departure in UNS.
14. Special gratitude to Imam and followers of Masjid Nur Hassanah and the community
of RW XIII at Jebres for accommodative and inclusive program on worship and social
work enabled to participate and contribute as member of the family.
15. Special gratitude thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Mudrik Family a friendly family that made
me all the time to feel at home for inclusive family program.
16. Lastly, but not least I would like to thank my lovely family; wife Rukia Ulanga and
my daughter Summaya and son Hudhaifa for their patients and prayer all the time of
my study abroad.
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Not easy to name all but representative, for those I named and those I didn’t name I do values
greatly your contributions enabled my stay and study in Indonesia successfully. I do pray to
Almighty ALLAH (SW) to forgive our minor and big mistakes if any and blesses us all.
DEDICATION
I DEDICATE THIS WORK TO.
FIRST
MY LOVELY FAMILY: Wife, Rukia H. Ulanga and My Daughter and Son, Summaya and
Hudhaifa.
SECOND
MY LOVELY PARAENTS: Father; Amran Salum Kalyahi and Mother Sofia Mangamba
Mchambote.
THIRD,
To my MODEL TEACHERS
M. M. Ngulangwa and M. Detebha,
FOURTH
To Brothers; Said, S.; Ngingo, S.; Ndauga, A.; Kidula, Y.; S. Msangi, S.; and Kaporo, A.
I do appreciate their assistances and motivation that made me get to this stage today.
LASTLY, but not least I pray For ALMIGHTY ALLAH for His MERCIES and BLESSES to
GIVE you all HIGHER REWARDS for what you have DONE.
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Abdallah Amran Salum. ID: A131308012. 2015. Integrating Physicochemical and Biological
Parameters for Water Quality Assessment in Pepe River. Thesis: First Supervisor: Prof. Ir.
Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons) Ph.D., and Second Supervisor: Dr. Sunarto M.S.,
Postgraduate Program Environmental Science Sebelas Maret University Surakarta.
ABSTRACT
Physicochemical and Biological methods are used for environmental water quality
assessment for monitoring natural and semi-natural water body essentially for human health
and preserving life of aquatic ecosystem. Macroinvertebrates are main biological parameters
widely used to assess ecological health of aquatic ecosystem, but are rarely used in Indonesia
to none in Surakarta. Integrating physicochemical and biological parameters for water quality
assessment in Pepe River were aimed; 1) to analyze the extent of major contaminant pollutant
substances affecting water quality; 2) to examine the composition of biological indicators
(bacteria and macroinvertebrates) and usefulness of macroinvertebrates to monitor changes of
stream conditions; 3) to determine the correlation for physicochemical and biological
parameters. Pepe River fieldwork for sampling, in-situ measurement and further analytical
for COD, BOD, PO43-, TSS, pH, TDS, NO3-, CE, Temperature, Turbidity, total coliform and
macroinvertebrates were conducted in Sebelas Maret University main laboratory between
January and February 2015. For physicochemical assessment Spectrophotometer,
conductivity meter, pH meter, Thermometer, Titration, Winkler method, Filtration and
evaporation were used. While for fermentation, biochemical test, sorting and identification
were used for biological assessment.
Descriptive statistics by PASW (SPSS) 18 and excel 2013 were applied to analyze the data.
Evaluation for macroinvertebrates data were conducted using biotic and similarity indices.
The correlation for physicochemical and biological parameters ranged from strong significant
(r = ± .585 to .699, p < .05) to highly strong significant (r = ± .700 to .995, p < .01).
Evaluation for water quality status using Water Pollution Index (WPI) and National
Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) ranged from (6.85 to 7.5) and (40 to
68) respectively, while by STORET method water quality value ranged from (-25 to -48).
In conclusion, water quality status in Pepe River failed to meet the acceptable criteria
required by regulation No 82/2001 for water pollution control of Class II. Finally,
macroinvertebrates observation results showed are useful biological indicator for monitoring
water status change in Pepe River.
Keywords: Biotic Indices; Indonesia National
Macroinvertebrates and Water Quality Indices.
commit to user
vii
Standard
for
Water
Quality;
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Abdallah Amran Salum. NIM: A131308012. 2015. Integrating Physicochemical and
Biological Parameters for Water Quality Assessment in Pepe River. Tesis. Pembimbing I:
Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons) Ph.D., dan Pembimbing II: Dr. Sunarto M.S.,
Program studi Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
ABSTRAK
Metode fisika, kimia dan Biologi digunakan untuk penilaian kualitas air untuk memantau
badan air alami dan semi-alami khususnya untuk kesehatan manusia dan menjaga kehidupan
ekosistem perairan. Makroinvertebrata adalah parameter biologi utama yang banyak
digunakan untuk menilai kesehatan ekologi ekosistem perairan, namun jarang digunakan di
Indonesia bahkan apa lagi di Surakarta. Mengintegrasikan parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi
untuk penilaian kualitas air di Sungai Pepe yang bertujuan untuk; untuk menganalisis sejauh
mana zat polutan pencemar utama yang mempengaruhi kualitas air; untuk menguji komposisi
indikator biologis (bakteri dan makroinvertebrata) dan kegunaan makroinvertebrata untuk
memantau perubahan kualitas air; untuk mengetahui korelasi parameter fisika, kimia dan
biologi. Sungai Pepe meupakan tempat untuk pengambilan sampel, pengukuran in-situ dan
analitik lebih lanjut untuk COD, BOD, PO43-, TSS, pH, TDS, NO3-, CE, Suhu, Kekeruhan,
jumlah coliform dan makroinvertebrata yang dilakukan di laboratorium Pusat Universitas
Sebelas Maret antara Januari dan Februari 2015. Untuk fisika dan kimia digunakan
spektrofotometer, konduktivitas meter, pH meter, termometer, Titrasi, metode Winkler,
filtrasi dan penguapan. Sedangkan untuk pengukuran biologis digunakan fermentasi, uji
biokimia sederhana, sortasi dan identifikasi.
Deskripsi statistik dengan menggunakan PASW (SPSS) 18 dan excel 2.013 diterapkan untuk
menganalisis data. Evaluasi data makroinvertebrata dilakukan dengan menggunakan indeks
biotik dan kesamaan. Korelasi untuk fisika, kimia dan parameter biologi berkisar dari
signifikan yang kuat (r = ± 0,585-0,699, p
digilib.uns.ac.id
INTEGRATING PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN PEPE RIVER IN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
Thesis Report
Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of Postgraduate Program for the Master
Degree in Environmental Science of Sebelas Maret University
By:
ABDALLAH .A. SALUM
NIM: A131308012
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSTY
SURAKARTA
2015 to user
commit
i
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
INTEGRATING PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PEPE RIVER IN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
A Thesis Report
By:
ABDALLAH .A. SALUM
NIM: A131308012
Supervisor
Committee
Supervisor I
Supervisor II
Name
Signature
Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons), Ph.D.
NIP: 196102231986011001
Dr. Sunarto M.S.
Date
...............
.........
.................
.........
NIP: 195406051991031002
Been Declared Eligible and Approved on this Date of
........................
HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
GRADUATE PROGRAM,
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
commit
to user
(Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh.
Sri Budiastuti,
M.Si)
NIP: 1959120519850320012
ii
2015
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
INTEGRATING PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF PEPE RIVER IN SURAKARTA, INDONESIA
Thesis
Presented by:
ABDALLAH .A. SALUM
NIM: A131308012
Has been maintained in front of Examiners/Reviewers and has been declared eligible on the
date..........of ............2015
Reviewers
Committee
Chairperson:
Name
Dr. Pranoto M.Sc.
Signature
Date
.................
.........
195410301984031002
Secretary:
Dr. Wiryanto M.Si
.................
.........
NIP 195308011982031005
Member I
Member II
Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons), Ph.D.
NIP: 196102231986011001
.................. .........
Dr. Sunarto M.S
..................
NIP: 195406051991031002
..........
Certified By:
Director of Postgraduate Program
Head of
Sebelas Maret University
Environmental Science Study Program
Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M.Pd.
NIP. 196007271987021001
Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh. Sri Budiastuti, M.Si)
commit to user
NIP: 1959120519850320012
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ORIGINARITY AND PUBLICATION STATEMENT
I declare that:
The Thesis Entitled: Integrating Physicochemical and Biological Parameters for Water
Quality Assessment in Pepe River; it is my own work and free from plagiarism. It is
submitted for a degree of Masters of Environmental Science at Sebelas Maret University. It
has not been submitted or presented before for a degree in any other university. There is no
data or materials that have been presented by others to obtain academic degree and all that
material or data used in this text, sources is duly acknowledged and mentioned in the
bibliography. Therefore, if any part of this thesis found presented or published for academic
degree before I am liable for any academic discipline.
Name: ABDALLAH AMRAN SALUM
NIM: A131308012
Signature: ...........................................
Sebelas Maret University
Date ....................................2015
Aproved by:
....................
Signature....................................
Date.......................................2015
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First I thank ALLAH (SW) for His Mercy to enable me to reach this level of education, for
guiding and granting me the ability to undertake and complete this work successfully, without
His mercy I couldn’t make it done.
Sincerely, the author would like to acknowledge Indonesia Ministry of Education
Department of Higher Learning (DIKTI) for awarding scholarship to study Master’s in
Indonesia. This work has been possible from the scholarship fund from DIKTI. I gratefully
thank and appreciate, without it I wouldn’t make it. To extend my sincere gratitude I would
like to express special thanks to;
1. Executive Director Kibaha Town Council (KTC) for offering three years study leave.
2. Prof. Dr. Ravik, Karsidi M.S., Rector UNS for his profound leadership.
3. Prof. Dr.Ir. Ahmad Yunus, M.S., Director of Postgraduate Study, for his profound
leadership, guardianship and highly listening and advice during my study in UNS.
4. The Head of Environmental Science study, Dr.Prabang Setyono M.Si., and his staffs
Prof. Dr. Ir. MTh. Sri Budiastuti, Mr. Wide M.Si., and Miss. Dina Slevia for their
assistance ever.
5. My first and second supervisors Prof. Ir. Ari Hadono Ramelan, MSc (Hons) Ph.D.,
and Dr. Sunarto, M.S., respectively for their valuable assistance, advice, guide,
encouragement and patience throughout the research period.
6. The Surakarta City Authority for permission to conduct research and use data and
information in Pepe River,
7. Sebelas Maret University Laboratory staffs, Mis Retno, the coordinator of Analysis in
Chemistry laboratory and her team. Mr. Hartono, the coordinator of Analysis in
Biology Laboratory and his team.
8. My assistance team of sampling, Mr. Adi from Chemistry Laboratory (my mentor) in
water Sampling and Analysis, Nur Muhammad and Mr. Arlindo during survey.
9. Special thanks to UBT2P Staffs, Ms. Triwanti, my Bahasa Indonesia Instructors, Ms
Rahen Suhita, Puspita and Astrid for assisting to have ability to use Bahasa.
10. My classmate for cooperative and sharing experiences, non-classmate friend’s for
assistance and cooperation made my study and life in Indonesia flexible.
11. Postgraduate Administration Office Staffs, Ms. Erna mustikasari, and Diana
Pranasanti, for the valuable hospitalities since the first day (night) of arrival and
continue until the departure day, together with accountant staffs enabled my smooth
study in UNS.
12. All Lecturers in Environmental Science Studies, Chemistry Science Education and
Bioscience departments for their valuable jobs.
13. Mr. Taufiq Al Makmun, Director of International Office and his staffs for tireless
assistance all the time on stay until departure in UNS.
14. Special gratitude to Imam and followers of Masjid Nur Hassanah and the community
of RW XIII at Jebres for accommodative and inclusive program on worship and social
work enabled to participate and contribute as member of the family.
15. Special gratitude thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Mudrik Family a friendly family that made
me all the time to feel at home for inclusive family program.
16. Lastly, but not least I would like to thank my lovely family; wife Rukia Ulanga and
my daughter Summaya and son Hudhaifa for their patients and prayer all the time of
my study abroad.
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Not easy to name all but representative, for those I named and those I didn’t name I do values
greatly your contributions enabled my stay and study in Indonesia successfully. I do pray to
Almighty ALLAH (SW) to forgive our minor and big mistakes if any and blesses us all.
DEDICATION
I DEDICATE THIS WORK TO.
FIRST
MY LOVELY FAMILY: Wife, Rukia H. Ulanga and My Daughter and Son, Summaya and
Hudhaifa.
SECOND
MY LOVELY PARAENTS: Father; Amran Salum Kalyahi and Mother Sofia Mangamba
Mchambote.
THIRD,
To my MODEL TEACHERS
M. M. Ngulangwa and M. Detebha,
FOURTH
To Brothers; Said, S.; Ngingo, S.; Ndauga, A.; Kidula, Y.; S. Msangi, S.; and Kaporo, A.
I do appreciate their assistances and motivation that made me get to this stage today.
LASTLY, but not least I pray For ALMIGHTY ALLAH for His MERCIES and BLESSES to
GIVE you all HIGHER REWARDS for what you have DONE.
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Abdallah Amran Salum. ID: A131308012. 2015. Integrating Physicochemical and Biological
Parameters for Water Quality Assessment in Pepe River. Thesis: First Supervisor: Prof. Ir.
Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons) Ph.D., and Second Supervisor: Dr. Sunarto M.S.,
Postgraduate Program Environmental Science Sebelas Maret University Surakarta.
ABSTRACT
Physicochemical and Biological methods are used for environmental water quality
assessment for monitoring natural and semi-natural water body essentially for human health
and preserving life of aquatic ecosystem. Macroinvertebrates are main biological parameters
widely used to assess ecological health of aquatic ecosystem, but are rarely used in Indonesia
to none in Surakarta. Integrating physicochemical and biological parameters for water quality
assessment in Pepe River were aimed; 1) to analyze the extent of major contaminant pollutant
substances affecting water quality; 2) to examine the composition of biological indicators
(bacteria and macroinvertebrates) and usefulness of macroinvertebrates to monitor changes of
stream conditions; 3) to determine the correlation for physicochemical and biological
parameters. Pepe River fieldwork for sampling, in-situ measurement and further analytical
for COD, BOD, PO43-, TSS, pH, TDS, NO3-, CE, Temperature, Turbidity, total coliform and
macroinvertebrates were conducted in Sebelas Maret University main laboratory between
January and February 2015. For physicochemical assessment Spectrophotometer,
conductivity meter, pH meter, Thermometer, Titration, Winkler method, Filtration and
evaporation were used. While for fermentation, biochemical test, sorting and identification
were used for biological assessment.
Descriptive statistics by PASW (SPSS) 18 and excel 2013 were applied to analyze the data.
Evaluation for macroinvertebrates data were conducted using biotic and similarity indices.
The correlation for physicochemical and biological parameters ranged from strong significant
(r = ± .585 to .699, p < .05) to highly strong significant (r = ± .700 to .995, p < .01).
Evaluation for water quality status using Water Pollution Index (WPI) and National
Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) ranged from (6.85 to 7.5) and (40 to
68) respectively, while by STORET method water quality value ranged from (-25 to -48).
In conclusion, water quality status in Pepe River failed to meet the acceptable criteria
required by regulation No 82/2001 for water pollution control of Class II. Finally,
macroinvertebrates observation results showed are useful biological indicator for monitoring
water status change in Pepe River.
Keywords: Biotic Indices; Indonesia National
Macroinvertebrates and Water Quality Indices.
commit to user
vii
Standard
for
Water
Quality;
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Abdallah Amran Salum. NIM: A131308012. 2015. Integrating Physicochemical and
Biological Parameters for Water Quality Assessment in Pepe River. Tesis. Pembimbing I:
Prof. Ir. Ari Handono Ramelan, MSc (Hons) Ph.D., dan Pembimbing II: Dr. Sunarto M.S.,
Program studi Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
ABSTRAK
Metode fisika, kimia dan Biologi digunakan untuk penilaian kualitas air untuk memantau
badan air alami dan semi-alami khususnya untuk kesehatan manusia dan menjaga kehidupan
ekosistem perairan. Makroinvertebrata adalah parameter biologi utama yang banyak
digunakan untuk menilai kesehatan ekologi ekosistem perairan, namun jarang digunakan di
Indonesia bahkan apa lagi di Surakarta. Mengintegrasikan parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi
untuk penilaian kualitas air di Sungai Pepe yang bertujuan untuk; untuk menganalisis sejauh
mana zat polutan pencemar utama yang mempengaruhi kualitas air; untuk menguji komposisi
indikator biologis (bakteri dan makroinvertebrata) dan kegunaan makroinvertebrata untuk
memantau perubahan kualitas air; untuk mengetahui korelasi parameter fisika, kimia dan
biologi. Sungai Pepe meupakan tempat untuk pengambilan sampel, pengukuran in-situ dan
analitik lebih lanjut untuk COD, BOD, PO43-, TSS, pH, TDS, NO3-, CE, Suhu, Kekeruhan,
jumlah coliform dan makroinvertebrata yang dilakukan di laboratorium Pusat Universitas
Sebelas Maret antara Januari dan Februari 2015. Untuk fisika dan kimia digunakan
spektrofotometer, konduktivitas meter, pH meter, termometer, Titrasi, metode Winkler,
filtrasi dan penguapan. Sedangkan untuk pengukuran biologis digunakan fermentasi, uji
biokimia sederhana, sortasi dan identifikasi.
Deskripsi statistik dengan menggunakan PASW (SPSS) 18 dan excel 2.013 diterapkan untuk
menganalisis data. Evaluasi data makroinvertebrata dilakukan dengan menggunakan indeks
biotik dan kesamaan. Korelasi untuk fisika, kimia dan parameter biologi berkisar dari
signifikan yang kuat (r = ± 0,585-0,699, p