Translation of Indonesian Complex Sentences with Concessive Clauses in the Novel 9 Summers 10 Autumns: dari Kota Apel ke The Big Apple.

THESIS

TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN COMPLEX
SENTENCES WITH CONCESSIVE CLAUSES
IN THE NOVEL 9 SUMMERS 10 AUTUMNS:
DARI KOTA APEL KE THE BIG APPLE

NI MADE ARIANI

POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016

v

THESIS

TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN COMPLEX
SENTENCES WITH CONCESSIVE CLAUSES
IN THE NOVEL 9 SUMMERS 10 AUTUMNS:

DARI KOTA APEL KE THE BIG APPLE

NI MADE ARIANI
NIM 1490161007

MASTER PROGRAM
LINGUISTICS PROGRAM
TRANSLATION STUDIES
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016

THESIS

TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN COMPLEX
SENTENCES WITH CONCESSIVE CLAUSES
IN THE NOVEL 9 SUMMERS 10 AUTUMNS:
DARI KOTA APEL KE THE BIG APPLE

Thesis for Obtaining Master Degree
at Master Program, Linguistics Program in Translation Studies
Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

NI MADE ARIANI
NIM 1490161007

MASTER PROGRAM
LINGUISTICS PROGRAM
TRANSLATION STUDIES
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
DENPASAR
2016

ii

iii

This thesis has been examined by the Board of Examiners

on September 15, 2016

The Board of Examiners according to Decree of Rector of Udayana University
No. 4660/UN14.4/HK/2016 September 15, 2016

Chairperson

:

Prof. Dr. N.L. Sutjiati Beratha, M.A.

Secretary

:

Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum.

Members

:

1.

Dr. Fransciscus I Made Brata, M.Hum.

2.

I Nyoman Aryawibawa, S.S., M.A., Ph.D.

3.

Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati, TEFL., M.A.

iv

v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to thank the Almighty God, Ida Shang Hyang
Widhi Wasa, for His blessings and guidance so that this thesis entitled “Translation of

Indonesian Complex Sentences with Concessive Clauses in the Novel 9 Summers 10
Autumns: dari Kota Apel ke The Big Apple” could be finished on time. It has been
such a great pride and joy for me to write a thesis on the topic discussion of
translation after two years of studying in Udayana University.
I, moreover; find myself very much indebted to many people for their genuine
help and support received during the entire process of writing this thesis. I warmly
thank Prof. Dr. N.L. Sutjiati Beratha, M.A. as my first supervisor for all of the
valuable suggestions, supervision, encouragement and support during the entire
process of writing – thank you for helping me so much at every stage. Enormous
thank you also goes to Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum. as my second supervisor
for being generous in coping so superbly with the ins and outs of my writing.
With delight and awe I feel that I am blessed in so many ways and very
grateful for it. Henceforth, I would also love to express my belated gratitude and
appreciation for those who mentioned as follow; Prof. Dr. dr. Ketut Suastika, Sp. PDKEMD. as the Rector of Udayana University; Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi,
Sp.S(K). as the Director of Postgraduate Program Udayana University; Prof. Dr. Ida
Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A. as the Head of Master Program in Linguistics
Department; Prof. Dr. I Wayan Simpen, M.Hum. as the Secretary of Master Program
vi

in Linguistics Department; and Dr. Fransciscus I Made Brata, M.Hum., I Nyoman

Aryawibawa, S.S., M.A., Ph.D., and Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati, TEFL., M.A.
as the board of examiners for their valuable support and constructive suggestion. I
would also like to thank all the very best staffs of Master Program in Linguistics
Department for their outstanding help, suggestions of pure genius care and guidance.
My sincere appreciation goes to I Ketut Ebuh, S.Sos., Nyoman Adi Triani, S.E., I
Nyoman Sadra, S.S., and I Gusti Agung Ayu Supadmini.
As always, countless gratitude and love go to both of my beloved parents, I
Made Abiana and Ni Made Ratna – and as well my dear brother, I Wayan
Januariawan. Thank you ever so much for believing in me first and for the freedom
they have been constantly pouring in me to spread my „wings‟ to chase dreams that I
have built up. I cannot thank them all enough for accompanying me to take the whole
adventure of this 25 year „journey.‟ I lovingly dedicate this writing for them all. My
beloved family – my very best friends in life. In addition, I also wish to deliver a very
special thank you to friends who have shared, accompanied, supported and
encouraged me in so many ways. Ni Ketut Setiawati, Ni Nyoman Hariawati, Talita
Kum Taopan, Ida Ayu Kade Dwijati, Ni Nyoman Yuliastari, Ni Kadek Ari Armaeni,
Evi Kurnia Ratri, Ni Wayan Cintya Surya Pratami, Ni Made Muliani, I Made Juliarta,
and Putu Ayu Siska Pebryana. These beautiful people are among the greatest of the
great. It has been wonderful to have the two years worn with.
Last but not least, I am heartily thankful for everyone who has supported and

helped me in writing this thesis. However, this thesis is still way too far from being
vii

perfect, hence; all of the encouraging suggestion and as well the criticism are greatly
welcome.
After all, it is very much hoped that this thesis can be significantly beneficial
for the readers, especially for all of my colleagues in Udayana University. May there
be a lot more good opportunities to conduct research about Applied Linguistics of the
translation studies.

Denpasar, September 15, 2016

Ni Made Ariani

viii

TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN COMPLEX SENTENCES WITH
CONCESSIVE CLAUSES IN THE NOVEL
9 SUMMERS 10 AUTUMNS: DARI KOTA APEL KE THE BIG APPLE

ABSTRACT
This thesis presents the analysis on the translation of Indonesian complex
sentences with concessive clauses found in the novel 9 Summers 10 Autumns: dari
Kota Apel ke The Big Apple and in its English translation entitled 9 Summers 10
Autumns: from the City of Apples to The Big Apple. The analysis is conducted in
order to cope with its three formulated problems. First, identifying how the
Indonesian complex sentences with concessive clauses are translated into English.
Secondly, the analysis is conducted in order to investigate what the translation
procedures utilized by the translator and the third problem is to explain how the loss
and gain of information occur in the translation process. Theory by Thomson and
Martinet combined with the theory by Larson are utilized in responding to the first
question. Meanwhile, the theory proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti)
combined with the theory by Newmark are utilized in coping with the second
problem. The last problem is analyzed by utilizing the theory from Nida.
Qualitative approach is utilized in conducting the entire analysis of this study.
Meanwhile, the method of collecting the data in this study is observation method
combined with the note-taking technique in order to collect the relevant data. The
analysis is qualitatively described primarily referring to the formulated problems of
the study and the theoretical framework being utilized. Furthermore, two methods are
applied together in presenting the finding of this study, they are formal and informal

methods.
Finding of the research shows that there are 30 Indonesian complex sentences
with concessive clauses collected and they are translated into English complex
sentences with concessive clauses by utilizing varied subordinating conjunctions. As
the second finding of the research, it is investigated that literal translation,
transposition, modulation and equivalence are the translation procedures applied in
the translation process. As the third finding, it is found that the occurrences of loss
and gain of information are inevitable in translation works. Gain of information is
mostly realized as the explicitation of the Source Language text in the process of
translation. Meanwhile, loss is as a result of the cultural and linguistic disparities that
occur between text in the Source Language and the Target Language.
Keywords: translation procedures, complex sentences, concessive clauses

ix

TERJEMAHAN KALIMAT KOMPLEKS BAHASA INDONESIA
YANG MENGANDUNG KLAUSA KONSESIF PADA NOVEL
9 SUMMERS 10 AUTUMNS: DARI KOTA APEL KE THE BIG APPLE

ABSTRAK

Thesis ini membahas mengenai terjemahan kalimat kompleks bahasa
Indonesia yang mengandung klausa konsesif pada novel 9 Summers 10 Autumns: dari
Kota Apel ke The Big Apple serta terjemahannya dalam bahasa Inggris dengan judul 9
Summers 10 Autumns: from the City of Apples to The Big Apple. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk memecahkan tiga permasalahan yang berhasil dirumuskan. Pertama,
mengidentifikasi terjemahan kalimat kompleks bahasa Indonesia yang mengandung
klausa konsesif ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Kedua, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menginvestigasi prosedur penerjemahan yang diaplikasikan oleh penerjemah serta
permasalahan ketiga adalah untuk memahami proses terjadinya loss dan gain of
information. Teori dari Thomson dan Martinet dikombinasikan dengan teori dari
Larson untuk memecahkan permasalahan pertama. Teori dari Vinay dan Darbelnet
(pada Venuti) beserta teori dari Newmark diaplikasikan untuk memecahkan
permasalahan kedua. Permasalahan ketiga dianalisis dengan mempergunakan teori
dari Nida.
Pendekatan secara kualitatif dilakukan dalam proses penelitian ini. Metode
yang diaplikasikan dalam proses pengumpulan data adalah metode observasi serta
teknik catat. Proses pengkajiannya sendiri mengacu pada cakupan permasalahan serta
kerangka berpikir yang dirumuskan. Dua metode diterapkan dalam menyajikan hasil
penelitian, yakni metode formal dan metode informal.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 30 kalimat kompleks bahasa

Indonesia yang mengandung klausa konsesif seluruhnya diterjemahkan ke dalam
bahasa Inggris dengan bentuk konstruksi yang sama, yakni menggunakan klausa
konsesif. Temuan yang kedua menunjukkan bahwa literal translation, transposition,
modulation dan equivalence merupakan prosedur yang diaplikasikan dalam proses
penerjemahan. Temuan ketiga mengenai loss dan gain of information, kedua hal ini
tidak dapat dihindari dalam setiap proses penerjemahan. Gain of information
dipahami sebagai tambahan (explicitation) terhadap teks di bahasa sumber. Loss of
information merupakan hasil dari terdapatnya disparitas atau perbedaan secara
budaya dan ilmu bahasa antara teks di bahasa sumber dengan teks di bahasa target.
Kata Kunci: prosedur penerjemahan, kalimat kompleks, klausa konsesif

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER ....................................................................................................................

i

PREREQUISITE TITLE.......................................................... .............................

ii

APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................................... ..........

iii

THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................................................................ ...

iv

SURAT PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT .......................................................

v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................

vi

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................

ix

ABSTRAK ..............................................................................................................

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................

xi

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE ........................................................................

xiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOL ....................................................

xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................................

1

1.1

Background of the Study........................................................................... .

1

1.2

Problems of the Study.................................................................................

6

1.3

Aims of the Study............................................................................ ..........

7

1.3.1

General Aim.................................................................. .............................

7

1.3.2

Specific Aim...............................................................................................

8

1.4

Significance of the Study............................................................................

9

1.4.1

Theoretical Significance.............................................................................

9

1.4.2

Practical Significance.......................................................................... .......

11

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPT, THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH MODEL ......................................................

13

2.1

Literature Review........................................................................... ............

13

2.2

Concept................................................................................. .....................

22

xi

2.2.1

Concessive Clause............................................................................ ..........

22

2.2.1.1

Indonesian Concessive Clause.................................................................. .

23

2.2.1.2

English Concessive Clause.........................................................................

24

2.2.2

Contra-Expectation............................................................................ ........

26

2.2.3

Equivalence in Translation.........................................................................

28

2.2.3.1

Baker‟s Approach to Translation Equivalence......................................... .

29

2.2.3.2

Nida and Taber‟s Approach to Translation Equivalence............................

30

2.2.4

Kinds of Meaning.......................................................................................

32

2.3

Theoretical Framework...............................................................................

36

2.3.1

Procedures of Translation......................................................................... .

36

2.3.2

Loss and Gain of Information.................................................................. ..

44

2.3.3

The Use of Componential Analysis in Translation.....................................

48

2.4

Research Model..........................................................................................

55

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ...............................................................

57

3.1

Research Approach........................................................................... .........

57

3.2

Data Source................................................................................. ...............

58

3.3

Research Instrument........................................................................... ........

60

3.4

Method and Technique of Collecting Data.................................................

60

3.5

Method and Technique of Analyzing Data.................................................

62

3.6

Method and Technique of Presenting Data.................................................

64

CHAPTER IV TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN COMPLEX SENTENCES
WITH CONCESSIVE CLAUSES IN THE NOVEL 9 SUMMERS 10
AUTUMNS: DARI KOTA APEL KE THE BIG APPLE ...................................
4.1

Translation of Indonesian Complex Sentences with Concessive Clauses
into English.................................................................. ..............................

4.1.1

70

72

Translation of Complex Sentences with Explicit Concessive
Subordinator......................................................................... ......................
xii

74

4.1.2

Translation of Complex Sentences with Implicit Concessive
Subordinator......................................................................... ......................

4.2

80

Translation Procedures Applied in Translating the Indonesian
Complex Sentences with Concessive Clauses into English .....................

98

4.2.1

The Application of Literal Translation................................................. .....

99

4.2.2

The Application of Transposition.......................................................... ....

101

4.2.3

The Application of Modulation..................................................................

107

4.2.4

The Application of Equivalence.......................................................... ......

112

4.3

The Occurrence of Loss and Gain of Information in Translating the
Indonesian Complex Sentences with Concessive Clauses into English ....

117

4.3.1

The Occurrence of Gain of Information.....................................................

118

4.3.1.1

Additions: Amplification from Implicit to Explicit Status............. ............

118

4.3.1.2

Additions: Obligatory Specification ..........................................................

125

4.3.2

The Occurrence of Loss of Information.....................................................

127

4.3.2.1

Subtractions: Specification of Reference ...................................................

127

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS......................................

131

5.1

Conclusions........................................................................... .....................

131

5.2

Suggestions................................................................................. ...............

133

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................

134

APPENDIX (DATA) ...............................................................................................

139

xiii

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE

Figure 2.4 ...................................................................................................

55

Figure 3.6.1 .................................................................................................

65

Figure 4.1.1.1. .............................................................................................

74

Figure 4.1.1.2 ..............................................................................................

76

Figure 4.1.1.3 ..............................................................................................

78

Figure 4.1.2.1 ..............................................................................................

80

Figure 4.1.2.2 ..............................................................................................

84

Figure 4.1.2.3 ..............................................................................................

88

Figure 4.1.2.4 ..............................................................................................

90

Figure 4.1.2.5 ..............................................................................................

92

Figure 4.1.2.6 ..............................................................................................

95

Table 4.2.4.1................................................................................................

114

xiv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOL

ABBREVIATIONS
CA

:

Componential Analysis

LT

:

Literal Translation

NP

:

Noun Phrase

SL

:

Source Language

TC

:

The Cause

TEE

:

The Expected Effect

TL

:

Target Language

TUE

:

The Unexpected Effect

SYMBOLS
:

To show how the language system in the Source Language is
translated into Target Language

xv