Wiley Adobe Photoshop CS4 Bible Jan 2009 ISBN 0470345179 pdf
Photoshop CS4 Bible
®
Photoshop CS4
Bible
®
Stacy Cates
Simon Abrams
Dan Moughamian
Photoshop® CS4 Bible
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-0-470-34517-7
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of
the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization
through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201)7486008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE
CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED
OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED
HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL
PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR
DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN
THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN
THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE
MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT
INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN
THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.
For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer
Care Department within the U.S. at (800) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008941628
Trademarks: Wiley and related trade dress are registered trademarks of Wiley Publishing, Inc., in the United States and
other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective
owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in
electronic books.
Stacy Cates:
I would like to dedicate this book to my son, Will Cates (a.k.a., the
best son in the world), who provided help, love, and support during
the writing of this book, and my grandmother, Shirley Boswell
(a.k.a., the best grandmother in the world),
whose love and prayers never fail.
Simon Abrams:
I would like to dedicate this book to my lovely wife Stephanie — it’s
a cliché, but I really couldn’t have done it without you.
I’d also like to dedicate this book to my father, Donald Abrams, for
the opportunities and experiences he made possible for me.
Dan Moughamian:
I’d like to dedicate this book to my colleagues, family, and friends.
You have provided opportunity, ideas, and advice throughout my
career; I would not be here without you.
About the Authors
Stacy Cates has been in the graphic design and printing industry for more than 20 years. She has
been teaching Adobe Photoshop since 2001 and holds Adobe Certified Instructor and Comptia
Certified Technical Trainer certifications, as well as a Georgia Institute of Technology Certificate in
Web design. Her teaching experience ranges from one-on-one training to teaching college-level
computer art courses. Stacy is experienced in a wide variety of practical applications for Photoshop
and specializes in preparing images for printing, color correction, and retouching images. Stacy has
earned numerous awards for publication design and an award for Web design from the Council for
Advancement and Support of Education. Contact Stacey at stacy@stacycates.com
Simon Abrams was smitten with computers ever since the day his dad gave him his first
Commodore 64 back in the late ’80s. It wasn’t until he took a class called Intro to Microcomputer
Graphics in college that he discovered that the intersection of computers and art was where his true
love was to be found. He later attended the Savannah College of Art & Design, where he studied
3D Modeling and Animation. Upon graduating with a BFA in Computer Art, Simon moved to New
York City. After a brief stint at Tekserve (New York’s premier Mac repair shop), he got a job working as a designer at an interactive advertising agency during the heady dot-com boom of the late
’90s. Along the way, he discovered his second love: photography, which he pursues vigorously as a
serious amateur around the streets and subways of New York. His photography has been featured
on various sites, including Yahoo! News, Gothamist, and Panasonic’s Digital Photo Academy.
Simon is an Adobe Certified Photoshop Professional and regularly appears as a guest lecturer
teaching Photoshop at New York University’s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He has
also led workshops in the theater at Apple’s flagship retail location in SoHo, New York. Simon currently lives in Brooklyn, with his wife Stephanie. He recently became a student of karate and works
as a Flash developer at an advertising agency in New York City.
Dan Moughamian began exploring Adobe Photoshop in 1993 and never looked back. His passion
for digital imaging ultimately led to a career in fine art photography, which continues to present
day and has evolved to encompass not only still photography, but video and motion graphics as
well. Dan is an accomplished instructor, teaching digital photography and Photoshop classes for
Chicago-based venues such as Mac Specialist. Dan is also an Adobe trainer for designProVideo.com,
authoring titles such as Photoshop CS4: Digital Photography Workflows. Dan lives outside of Chicago
with his wife Kathy.
Credits
Senior Acquisitions Editor
Stephanie McComb
Project Coordinator
Katherine Key
Project Editor
Chris Wolfgang
Graphics and Production Specialists
Ana Carrillo
Nikki Gately
Christin Swinford
Technical Editor
Robert Barnes
Quality Control Technician
John Greenough
Copy Editor
Lynn Northrup
Proofreading
Laura L. Bowman
Editorial Manager
Robyn Siesky
Indexing
Infodex Indexing Services, Inc.
Business Manager
Amy Knies
Media Development Project Manager
Laura Moss
Senior Marketing Manager
Sandy Smith
Media Development Assistant Project Manager
Jenny Swisher
Vice President and Executive Group
Publisher
Richard Swadley
Media Development Associate Producer
Kit Malone
Vice President and Executive Publisher
Berry Pruett
vii
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
Who the Book Is For ........................................................................................................ xxxi
How the Book Is Organized ............................................................................................ xxxii
How to use this book ..................................................................................................... xxxiv
Part I: Welcome To Adobe Photoshop CS4
1
Chapter 1: Working with Digital Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
About Digital Images.............................................................................................................3
Color and lightness qualities of digital images .............................................................4
Overview of the main types and characteristics of digital images .................................6
Bit depth .....................................................................................................................6
Bitmap (raster) and vector .........................................................................................10
Color mode ...............................................................................................................15
Color space ...............................................................................................................19
File format ................................................................................................................21
Low versus high resolution........................................................................................23
Getting Images into Photoshop ...........................................................................................24
Digital cameras ..........................................................................................................24
Film cameras .............................................................................................................26
Scanners ....................................................................................................................27
The Internet ..............................................................................................................28
E-mail .......................................................................................................................28
Video ........................................................................................................................29
Storing Digital Images .........................................................................................................32
Summary ............................................................................................................................32
Chapter 2: The Photoshop Workspace, Preferences, and Tools . . . . . . . . 33
Overview of the Photoshop Workspace...............................................................................33
Default and custom workspaces ................................................................................34
Menu Bar ..................................................................................................................36
Application Frame .....................................................................................................36
Application Bar .........................................................................................................40
Options Bar ...............................................................................................................42
Tools panel ...............................................................................................................42
ix
Contents
Image windows .........................................................................................................44
Panel .........................................................................................................................55
Preferences..........................................................................................................................60
General preferences ...................................................................................................60
Color Picker ....................................................................................................61
Image Interpolation .........................................................................................61
UI Text Options ..............................................................................................61
History Log .....................................................................................................63
Interface preferences .................................................................................................64
General............................................................................................................64
Panel ...............................................................................................................64
File handling preferences ..........................................................................................64
Image Previews ................................................................................................65
Camera Raw Preferences ..................................................................................65
Prefer Adobe Camera Raw for supported RAW files.........................................65
Ignore EXIF profile tag ....................................................................................65
Ask Before Saving Layered TIFF files ...............................................................66
Maximize PSD and PSB File Compatibility ......................................................66
Enable Version Cue .........................................................................................66
Recent file list contains __ files ........................................................................66
Performance preferences ...........................................................................................67
Memory Usage.................................................................................................67
Available RAM .......................................................................................67
Ideal Range ............................................................................................67
Let Photoshop Use .................................................................................67
Scratch Disks .........................................................................................68
History and Cache ...........................................................................................68
History States.........................................................................................68
Cache Levels ..........................................................................................69
GPU Settings ...................................................................................................69
Detected Video Card ..............................................................................69
Enable OpenGL Drawing .......................................................................70
Cursors preferences ...................................................................................................70
Painting Cursors ..............................................................................................70
Other Cursors .................................................................................................70
Transparency and Gamut preferences .......................................................................70
Transparency Settings......................................................................................71
Gamut Warning ..............................................................................................71
Units & Rulers preferences........................................................................................72
Rulers, Type ....................................................................................................72
Column Size ....................................................................................................72
New Document Preset Resolutions ..................................................................72
Point/Pica Size .................................................................................................72
The new way .........................................................................................72
The old way ...........................................................................................73
x
Contents
Guides, Grid & Slices preferences .............................................................................73
Plug-Ins preferences ..................................................................................................73
Additional Plug-Ins Folder ..............................................................................73
Legacy Photoshop Serial Number ....................................................................74
Type preferences .......................................................................................................74
Use Smart Quotes ............................................................................................74
Show Asian Text Options ................................................................................74
Enable Missing Glyph Protection .....................................................................74
Show Font Names in English ...........................................................................74
Font Preview Size ............................................................................................74
Presets and the Preset Manager ...........................................................................................75
Selecting and using presets ........................................................................................76
Create individual presets ...........................................................................................77
Customizing Shortcuts and Menus ......................................................................................78
Tools...................................................................................................................................80
Move tool ..................................................................................................................80
Marquee selection tools .............................................................................................82
Lasso selection tools ..................................................................................................82
Quick Selection and the Magic Wand tools ...............................................................83
Crop tool...................................................................................................................83
Slice and Slice Select tools .........................................................................................83
Eyedropper tool ........................................................................................................84
Color Sampler tool ....................................................................................................84
Ruler tool ..................................................................................................................84
Count tool .................................................................................................................85
Healing tools .............................................................................................................85
Red Eye tool ..............................................................................................................86
Brush tool .................................................................................................................86
Pencil tool .................................................................................................................86
Color Replacement tool .............................................................................................87
Clone Stamp tool ......................................................................................................88
Pattern Stamp tool.....................................................................................................88
History Brush tool .....................................................................................................88
Eraser tool .................................................................................................................89
Background Eraser tool .............................................................................................89
Magic Eraser tool.......................................................................................................89
Gradient tool .............................................................................................................90
Paint Bucket tool .......................................................................................................90
The Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge tools .......................................................................90
The Dodge, Burn, and Sponge tools ..........................................................................91
The Pen tool ..............................................................................................................92
The Type tools ..........................................................................................................93
The Path selection tools .............................................................................................94
The Shape and Line tools ..........................................................................................94
The 3D tools .............................................................................................................95
xi
Contents
The Hand, Rotation, and Zoom tools ........................................................................95
Foreground and Background Color tools ..................................................................96
The Mode buttons .....................................................................................................97
Summary ............................................................................................................................98
Chapter 3: Finding and Processing Images with Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Finding and Opening Images ..............................................................................................99
Importing images from a digital camera .........................................................102
Grouping images as stacks .............................................................................104
Adding labels and ratings ..............................................................................106
Processing images....................................................................................................107
Adding Descriptive and Searchable Data to Images ...........................................................107
Metadata panel ........................................................................................................107
File Info window .....................................................................................................109
Using Metadata templates........................................................................................110
Using keywords.......................................................................................................111
Organizing Image Collections ...........................................................................................112
Collections ..............................................................................................................112
Smart Collections ....................................................................................................113
Creating Presentations ......................................................................................................114
Using the Output workspace ...................................................................................114
PDF Presentation ...........................................................................................114
Web Gallery ..................................................................................................115
Processing Batches of Images and Repetitive Tasks............................................................117
Batch renaming multiple images..............................................................................117
Process multiple images ..........................................................................................119
Batch .............................................................................................................119
Image Processor.............................................................................................119
Merge to HDR ...............................................................................................120
Photomerge ...................................................................................................122
Summary ..........................................................................................................................123
Chapter 4: Camera Raw Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
The RAW Format ..............................................................................................................126
The DNG format .....................................................................................................128
The Camera Raw dialog box..............................................................................................128
Using Adobe Camera Raw .................................................................................................131
Importing RAW, JPEG, and TIFF images.................................................................131
Processing multiple photos......................................................................................132
Image improvement settings....................................................................................133
The Camera Raw toolbar ...............................................................................133
Local adjustments in Camera Raw .................................................................135
The Adjustment Brush .........................................................................135
The Graduated Filter ...........................................................................137
The histogram ...............................................................................................138
The Image Adjustment tabs ...........................................................................139
Basic ..............................................................................................................139
xii
Contents
Tone Curve ...................................................................................................141
Detail.............................................................................................................142
HSL/Grayscale ...............................................................................................144
Split Toning ..................................................................................................145
Lens Correction .............................................................................................146
Camera Calibration .......................................................................................147
Presets ...........................................................................................................148
Saving from Camera Raw...............................................................................149
Summary ..........................................................................................................................151
Part II: Working with Images
153
Chapter 5: Creating New Images, Resizing,
and Adjusting Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Getting Started with New Images ......................................................................................155
Units & Rulers Preferences ......................................................................................157
Creating a new image ..............................................................................................158
Opening Images ................................................................................................................161
Placing and Pasting Images ...............................................................................................165
Image Resizing .................................................................................................................169
Resizing parts of images ..........................................................................................171
Resizing the canvas..................................................................................................173
Cropping the canvas................................................................................................173
Summary ..........................................................................................................................174
Chapter 6: Undoing Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
The Undo Command ........................................................................................................175
The Revert Command .......................................................................................................176
History Panel ....................................................................................................................176
History states...........................................................................................................177
Snapshots ................................................................................................................179
History Brush ..........................................................................................................180
Features with Built-In Undos ............................................................................................181
Dialog boxes............................................................................................................181
Masks ......................................................................................................................181
Adjustment layers....................................................................................................182
Layer comps ............................................................................................................184
Managing layer comps ...................................................................................185
Those fragile layer comps ..............................................................................185
Smart Objects..........................................................................................................186
Crop/Reveal All .......................................................................................................188
Summary ..........................................................................................................................188
Chapter 7: Saving Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Saving files to disk ............................................................................................................189
The Save commands................................................................................................190
xiii
Contents
Save for Web & Devices Command ..................................................................................193
File Formats in Depth .......................................................................................................194
PSD: The native format .....................................................................................................195
The mainstream formats ..........................................................................................196
JPEG..............................................................................................................196
TIFF ..............................................................................................................198
Specialized formats..................................................................................................200
Photoshop EPS ..............................................................................................201
QuarkXPress DCS .........................................................................................203
Windows BMP...............................................................................................204
Cineon ..........................................................................................................205
Premiere Filmstrip .........................................................................................205
CompuServe GIF ...........................................................................................205
Paintbrush PCX .............................................................................................206
Adobe’s Paperless PDF...................................................................................206
Apple’s PICT .................................................................................................207
PICT Resource ...............................................................................................208
Pixar ..............................................................................................................208
PNG ..............................................................................................................208
TrueVision’s TGA ..........................................................................................209
WBMP ...........................................................................................................209
Photoshop Raw .......................................................................................................209
Opening Raw documents ..............................................................................209
Saving Raw documents ..................................................................................210
Save from Camera Raw .....................................................................................................211
Summary ..........................................................................................................................211
Part III: Layers, Selections, Channels, and Curves
213
Chapter 8: Layers, Layer Masks, Blending Modes,
and Smart Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Working with Layers.........................................................................................................215
Getting images and image parts onto separate layers ...............................................217
Resizing images on layers ........................................................................................222
The Layers palette ...................................................................................................225
Layers palette menu ................................................................................................230
Layer menu .............................................................................................................231
Layer Masks ......................................................................................................................233
The Masks palette....................................................................................................236
Adjustment Layers ............................................................................................................238
The Adjustments palette ..........................................................................................242
Blending Modes ................................................................................................................255
Smart Objects ...................................................................................................................258
Image Stacks .....................................................................................................................259
Summary ..........................................................................................................................260
xiv
Contents
Chapter 9: Histograms, Levels,and Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
About Histograms .............................................................................................................263
Acceptable histograms .............................................................................................265
The Histogram palette .............................................................................................266
The Levels Command .......................................................................................................269
The Levels dialog box ..............................................................................................269
Using Levels ............................................................................................................270
Levels sliders .................................................................................................271
Levels numeric input and output values ........................................................275
Levels eyedroppers ........................................................................................276
The Auto and Options buttons in Levels and Curves .....................................278
The Curves Command ......................................................................................................280
The Curves dialog box ............................................................................................281
Using Curves ...........................................................................................................285
Summary ..........................................................................................................................291
Chapter 10: Selections and Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Core Selection Tools and Options .....................................................................................294
The Marquee tools...................................................................................................294
Important keyboard shortcuts .......................................................................298
Feathering selections .....................................................................................299
Anti-aliasing ..................................................................................................299
The Lasso tools........................................................................................................300
Polygonal Lasso tool ......................................................................................302
Magnetic Lasso tool .......................................................................................303
Quick Selection, Magic Wand, and Color Range .....................................................305
Quick Selection tool ......................................................................................305
Magic Wand tool ...........................................................................................307
Color Range...................................................................................................309
Refining Selections ............................................................................................................311
Refine Edge .............................................................................................................311
Select menu options ................................................................................................316
Understanding Channels ...................................................................................................319
Alpha channels ........................................................................................................320
Creating alpha channels ................................................................................320
The Channels panel .......................................................................................322
Work smarter ................................................................................................324
Color channels and selections........................................................................325
Sharing channels between images ..................................................................327
Summary ..........................................................................................................................327
xv
Contents
Part IV: Paths, Shapes, and Text
329
Chapter 11: Working with Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Introduction to Bézier Paths ..............................................................................................331
Defining Paths and Vector Tools .......................................................................................333
Dissecting a Photoshop path ...................................................................................333
Types of paths ...............................................................................................333
Parts of a path ...............................................................................................335
Understanding vector tools and options ..................................................................338
The Pen tools.................................................................................................338
Pen and path selection tool options ...............................................................340
The Paths panel .............................................................................................345
The Masks panel............................................................................................348
Creating Vector Paths........................................................................................................348
Making simple open and closed paths .....................................................................348
Creating complex paths ...........................................................................................351
Editing paths ...........................................................................................................360
Aligning and distributing path components ............................................................364
Path strokes and fills ...............................................................................................365
Path strokes ...................................................................................................365
Path fills ........................................................................................................366
Paths as selections .............................................................................................................367
Creating path selections ..........................................................................................367
From path to Alpha Channel ...................................................................................369
Sharing paths between documents and applications ................................................370
Summary ..........................................................................................................................371
Chapter 12: Working with Vector Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Vector Shapes Defined ......................................................................................................373
Using Vector Shape Tools .................................................................................................375
Creating vector shape layers ....................................................................................377
Shape layer options .................................................................................................377
Shape layer keyboard modifiers .....................................................................380
Combining shape layer areas .........................................................................381
Aligning and distributing shape layer areas ....................................................383
Editing Vector Shape Layers ..............................................................................................383
Using Vector Shape Presets ...............................................................................................384
Creating New Custom Shapes ...........................................................................................387
Creating New Shape Presets ..............................................................................................389
Summary ..........................................................................................................................390
Chapter 13: Working with Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Entering Text ....................................................................................................................392
Editing Text ......................................................................................................................393
Type tools .........................................................................................................................396
Single-Line Type ...............................................................................................................396
xvi
Contents
Paragraph Type .................................................................................................................397
Type Tool Options Bar ............................................................................................398
Character palette .....................................................................................................399
Choosing a font .............................................................................................399
OpenType options .........................................................................................401
Font size ........................................................................................................402
Leading .........................................................................................................403
Kerning .........................................................................................................403
Metrics kerning....................................................................................403
Optical kerning....................................................................................403
Manual kerning ...................................................................................404
Tracking ........................................................................................................405
Fractional Widths and System Layout ...........................................................406
Horizontal and vertical scaling.......................................................................406
Baseline shift .................................................................................................406
Color .............................................................................................................406
Character styles .............................................................................................407
Check Spelling ..............................................................................................408
Find and Replace ...........................................................................................409
Anti-aliasing ..................................................................................................409
Paragraph palette.....................................................................................................410
Alignment .....................................................................................................411
Justification ...................................................................................................411
Roman Hanging Punctuation .........................................................................413
Indents and spacing.......................................................................................413
Hyphenation .................................................................................................414
Adob
®
Photoshop CS4
Bible
®
Stacy Cates
Simon Abrams
Dan Moughamian
Photoshop® CS4 Bible
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2009 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
ISBN: 978-0-470-34517-7
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of
the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization
through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201)7486008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE
CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT
LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED
OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED
HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING
THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL
PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR
DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN
THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN
THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE
MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT
INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN
THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.
For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer
Care Department within the U.S. at (800) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008941628
Trademarks: Wiley and related trade dress are registered trademarks of Wiley Publishing, Inc., in the United States and
other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective
owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in
electronic books.
Stacy Cates:
I would like to dedicate this book to my son, Will Cates (a.k.a., the
best son in the world), who provided help, love, and support during
the writing of this book, and my grandmother, Shirley Boswell
(a.k.a., the best grandmother in the world),
whose love and prayers never fail.
Simon Abrams:
I would like to dedicate this book to my lovely wife Stephanie — it’s
a cliché, but I really couldn’t have done it without you.
I’d also like to dedicate this book to my father, Donald Abrams, for
the opportunities and experiences he made possible for me.
Dan Moughamian:
I’d like to dedicate this book to my colleagues, family, and friends.
You have provided opportunity, ideas, and advice throughout my
career; I would not be here without you.
About the Authors
Stacy Cates has been in the graphic design and printing industry for more than 20 years. She has
been teaching Adobe Photoshop since 2001 and holds Adobe Certified Instructor and Comptia
Certified Technical Trainer certifications, as well as a Georgia Institute of Technology Certificate in
Web design. Her teaching experience ranges from one-on-one training to teaching college-level
computer art courses. Stacy is experienced in a wide variety of practical applications for Photoshop
and specializes in preparing images for printing, color correction, and retouching images. Stacy has
earned numerous awards for publication design and an award for Web design from the Council for
Advancement and Support of Education. Contact Stacey at stacy@stacycates.com
Simon Abrams was smitten with computers ever since the day his dad gave him his first
Commodore 64 back in the late ’80s. It wasn’t until he took a class called Intro to Microcomputer
Graphics in college that he discovered that the intersection of computers and art was where his true
love was to be found. He later attended the Savannah College of Art & Design, where he studied
3D Modeling and Animation. Upon graduating with a BFA in Computer Art, Simon moved to New
York City. After a brief stint at Tekserve (New York’s premier Mac repair shop), he got a job working as a designer at an interactive advertising agency during the heady dot-com boom of the late
’90s. Along the way, he discovered his second love: photography, which he pursues vigorously as a
serious amateur around the streets and subways of New York. His photography has been featured
on various sites, including Yahoo! News, Gothamist, and Panasonic’s Digital Photo Academy.
Simon is an Adobe Certified Photoshop Professional and regularly appears as a guest lecturer
teaching Photoshop at New York University’s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He has
also led workshops in the theater at Apple’s flagship retail location in SoHo, New York. Simon currently lives in Brooklyn, with his wife Stephanie. He recently became a student of karate and works
as a Flash developer at an advertising agency in New York City.
Dan Moughamian began exploring Adobe Photoshop in 1993 and never looked back. His passion
for digital imaging ultimately led to a career in fine art photography, which continues to present
day and has evolved to encompass not only still photography, but video and motion graphics as
well. Dan is an accomplished instructor, teaching digital photography and Photoshop classes for
Chicago-based venues such as Mac Specialist. Dan is also an Adobe trainer for designProVideo.com,
authoring titles such as Photoshop CS4: Digital Photography Workflows. Dan lives outside of Chicago
with his wife Kathy.
Credits
Senior Acquisitions Editor
Stephanie McComb
Project Coordinator
Katherine Key
Project Editor
Chris Wolfgang
Graphics and Production Specialists
Ana Carrillo
Nikki Gately
Christin Swinford
Technical Editor
Robert Barnes
Quality Control Technician
John Greenough
Copy Editor
Lynn Northrup
Proofreading
Laura L. Bowman
Editorial Manager
Robyn Siesky
Indexing
Infodex Indexing Services, Inc.
Business Manager
Amy Knies
Media Development Project Manager
Laura Moss
Senior Marketing Manager
Sandy Smith
Media Development Assistant Project Manager
Jenny Swisher
Vice President and Executive Group
Publisher
Richard Swadley
Media Development Associate Producer
Kit Malone
Vice President and Executive Publisher
Berry Pruett
vii
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
Who the Book Is For ........................................................................................................ xxxi
How the Book Is Organized ............................................................................................ xxxii
How to use this book ..................................................................................................... xxxiv
Part I: Welcome To Adobe Photoshop CS4
1
Chapter 1: Working with Digital Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
About Digital Images.............................................................................................................3
Color and lightness qualities of digital images .............................................................4
Overview of the main types and characteristics of digital images .................................6
Bit depth .....................................................................................................................6
Bitmap (raster) and vector .........................................................................................10
Color mode ...............................................................................................................15
Color space ...............................................................................................................19
File format ................................................................................................................21
Low versus high resolution........................................................................................23
Getting Images into Photoshop ...........................................................................................24
Digital cameras ..........................................................................................................24
Film cameras .............................................................................................................26
Scanners ....................................................................................................................27
The Internet ..............................................................................................................28
E-mail .......................................................................................................................28
Video ........................................................................................................................29
Storing Digital Images .........................................................................................................32
Summary ............................................................................................................................32
Chapter 2: The Photoshop Workspace, Preferences, and Tools . . . . . . . . 33
Overview of the Photoshop Workspace...............................................................................33
Default and custom workspaces ................................................................................34
Menu Bar ..................................................................................................................36
Application Frame .....................................................................................................36
Application Bar .........................................................................................................40
Options Bar ...............................................................................................................42
Tools panel ...............................................................................................................42
ix
Contents
Image windows .........................................................................................................44
Panel .........................................................................................................................55
Preferences..........................................................................................................................60
General preferences ...................................................................................................60
Color Picker ....................................................................................................61
Image Interpolation .........................................................................................61
UI Text Options ..............................................................................................61
History Log .....................................................................................................63
Interface preferences .................................................................................................64
General............................................................................................................64
Panel ...............................................................................................................64
File handling preferences ..........................................................................................64
Image Previews ................................................................................................65
Camera Raw Preferences ..................................................................................65
Prefer Adobe Camera Raw for supported RAW files.........................................65
Ignore EXIF profile tag ....................................................................................65
Ask Before Saving Layered TIFF files ...............................................................66
Maximize PSD and PSB File Compatibility ......................................................66
Enable Version Cue .........................................................................................66
Recent file list contains __ files ........................................................................66
Performance preferences ...........................................................................................67
Memory Usage.................................................................................................67
Available RAM .......................................................................................67
Ideal Range ............................................................................................67
Let Photoshop Use .................................................................................67
Scratch Disks .........................................................................................68
History and Cache ...........................................................................................68
History States.........................................................................................68
Cache Levels ..........................................................................................69
GPU Settings ...................................................................................................69
Detected Video Card ..............................................................................69
Enable OpenGL Drawing .......................................................................70
Cursors preferences ...................................................................................................70
Painting Cursors ..............................................................................................70
Other Cursors .................................................................................................70
Transparency and Gamut preferences .......................................................................70
Transparency Settings......................................................................................71
Gamut Warning ..............................................................................................71
Units & Rulers preferences........................................................................................72
Rulers, Type ....................................................................................................72
Column Size ....................................................................................................72
New Document Preset Resolutions ..................................................................72
Point/Pica Size .................................................................................................72
The new way .........................................................................................72
The old way ...........................................................................................73
x
Contents
Guides, Grid & Slices preferences .............................................................................73
Plug-Ins preferences ..................................................................................................73
Additional Plug-Ins Folder ..............................................................................73
Legacy Photoshop Serial Number ....................................................................74
Type preferences .......................................................................................................74
Use Smart Quotes ............................................................................................74
Show Asian Text Options ................................................................................74
Enable Missing Glyph Protection .....................................................................74
Show Font Names in English ...........................................................................74
Font Preview Size ............................................................................................74
Presets and the Preset Manager ...........................................................................................75
Selecting and using presets ........................................................................................76
Create individual presets ...........................................................................................77
Customizing Shortcuts and Menus ......................................................................................78
Tools...................................................................................................................................80
Move tool ..................................................................................................................80
Marquee selection tools .............................................................................................82
Lasso selection tools ..................................................................................................82
Quick Selection and the Magic Wand tools ...............................................................83
Crop tool...................................................................................................................83
Slice and Slice Select tools .........................................................................................83
Eyedropper tool ........................................................................................................84
Color Sampler tool ....................................................................................................84
Ruler tool ..................................................................................................................84
Count tool .................................................................................................................85
Healing tools .............................................................................................................85
Red Eye tool ..............................................................................................................86
Brush tool .................................................................................................................86
Pencil tool .................................................................................................................86
Color Replacement tool .............................................................................................87
Clone Stamp tool ......................................................................................................88
Pattern Stamp tool.....................................................................................................88
History Brush tool .....................................................................................................88
Eraser tool .................................................................................................................89
Background Eraser tool .............................................................................................89
Magic Eraser tool.......................................................................................................89
Gradient tool .............................................................................................................90
Paint Bucket tool .......................................................................................................90
The Blur, Sharpen, and Smudge tools .......................................................................90
The Dodge, Burn, and Sponge tools ..........................................................................91
The Pen tool ..............................................................................................................92
The Type tools ..........................................................................................................93
The Path selection tools .............................................................................................94
The Shape and Line tools ..........................................................................................94
The 3D tools .............................................................................................................95
xi
Contents
The Hand, Rotation, and Zoom tools ........................................................................95
Foreground and Background Color tools ..................................................................96
The Mode buttons .....................................................................................................97
Summary ............................................................................................................................98
Chapter 3: Finding and Processing Images with Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Finding and Opening Images ..............................................................................................99
Importing images from a digital camera .........................................................102
Grouping images as stacks .............................................................................104
Adding labels and ratings ..............................................................................106
Processing images....................................................................................................107
Adding Descriptive and Searchable Data to Images ...........................................................107
Metadata panel ........................................................................................................107
File Info window .....................................................................................................109
Using Metadata templates........................................................................................110
Using keywords.......................................................................................................111
Organizing Image Collections ...........................................................................................112
Collections ..............................................................................................................112
Smart Collections ....................................................................................................113
Creating Presentations ......................................................................................................114
Using the Output workspace ...................................................................................114
PDF Presentation ...........................................................................................114
Web Gallery ..................................................................................................115
Processing Batches of Images and Repetitive Tasks............................................................117
Batch renaming multiple images..............................................................................117
Process multiple images ..........................................................................................119
Batch .............................................................................................................119
Image Processor.............................................................................................119
Merge to HDR ...............................................................................................120
Photomerge ...................................................................................................122
Summary ..........................................................................................................................123
Chapter 4: Camera Raw Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
The RAW Format ..............................................................................................................126
The DNG format .....................................................................................................128
The Camera Raw dialog box..............................................................................................128
Using Adobe Camera Raw .................................................................................................131
Importing RAW, JPEG, and TIFF images.................................................................131
Processing multiple photos......................................................................................132
Image improvement settings....................................................................................133
The Camera Raw toolbar ...............................................................................133
Local adjustments in Camera Raw .................................................................135
The Adjustment Brush .........................................................................135
The Graduated Filter ...........................................................................137
The histogram ...............................................................................................138
The Image Adjustment tabs ...........................................................................139
Basic ..............................................................................................................139
xii
Contents
Tone Curve ...................................................................................................141
Detail.............................................................................................................142
HSL/Grayscale ...............................................................................................144
Split Toning ..................................................................................................145
Lens Correction .............................................................................................146
Camera Calibration .......................................................................................147
Presets ...........................................................................................................148
Saving from Camera Raw...............................................................................149
Summary ..........................................................................................................................151
Part II: Working with Images
153
Chapter 5: Creating New Images, Resizing,
and Adjusting Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Getting Started with New Images ......................................................................................155
Units & Rulers Preferences ......................................................................................157
Creating a new image ..............................................................................................158
Opening Images ................................................................................................................161
Placing and Pasting Images ...............................................................................................165
Image Resizing .................................................................................................................169
Resizing parts of images ..........................................................................................171
Resizing the canvas..................................................................................................173
Cropping the canvas................................................................................................173
Summary ..........................................................................................................................174
Chapter 6: Undoing Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
The Undo Command ........................................................................................................175
The Revert Command .......................................................................................................176
History Panel ....................................................................................................................176
History states...........................................................................................................177
Snapshots ................................................................................................................179
History Brush ..........................................................................................................180
Features with Built-In Undos ............................................................................................181
Dialog boxes............................................................................................................181
Masks ......................................................................................................................181
Adjustment layers....................................................................................................182
Layer comps ............................................................................................................184
Managing layer comps ...................................................................................185
Those fragile layer comps ..............................................................................185
Smart Objects..........................................................................................................186
Crop/Reveal All .......................................................................................................188
Summary ..........................................................................................................................188
Chapter 7: Saving Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Saving files to disk ............................................................................................................189
The Save commands................................................................................................190
xiii
Contents
Save for Web & Devices Command ..................................................................................193
File Formats in Depth .......................................................................................................194
PSD: The native format .....................................................................................................195
The mainstream formats ..........................................................................................196
JPEG..............................................................................................................196
TIFF ..............................................................................................................198
Specialized formats..................................................................................................200
Photoshop EPS ..............................................................................................201
QuarkXPress DCS .........................................................................................203
Windows BMP...............................................................................................204
Cineon ..........................................................................................................205
Premiere Filmstrip .........................................................................................205
CompuServe GIF ...........................................................................................205
Paintbrush PCX .............................................................................................206
Adobe’s Paperless PDF...................................................................................206
Apple’s PICT .................................................................................................207
PICT Resource ...............................................................................................208
Pixar ..............................................................................................................208
PNG ..............................................................................................................208
TrueVision’s TGA ..........................................................................................209
WBMP ...........................................................................................................209
Photoshop Raw .......................................................................................................209
Opening Raw documents ..............................................................................209
Saving Raw documents ..................................................................................210
Save from Camera Raw .....................................................................................................211
Summary ..........................................................................................................................211
Part III: Layers, Selections, Channels, and Curves
213
Chapter 8: Layers, Layer Masks, Blending Modes,
and Smart Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Working with Layers.........................................................................................................215
Getting images and image parts onto separate layers ...............................................217
Resizing images on layers ........................................................................................222
The Layers palette ...................................................................................................225
Layers palette menu ................................................................................................230
Layer menu .............................................................................................................231
Layer Masks ......................................................................................................................233
The Masks palette....................................................................................................236
Adjustment Layers ............................................................................................................238
The Adjustments palette ..........................................................................................242
Blending Modes ................................................................................................................255
Smart Objects ...................................................................................................................258
Image Stacks .....................................................................................................................259
Summary ..........................................................................................................................260
xiv
Contents
Chapter 9: Histograms, Levels,and Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
About Histograms .............................................................................................................263
Acceptable histograms .............................................................................................265
The Histogram palette .............................................................................................266
The Levels Command .......................................................................................................269
The Levels dialog box ..............................................................................................269
Using Levels ............................................................................................................270
Levels sliders .................................................................................................271
Levels numeric input and output values ........................................................275
Levels eyedroppers ........................................................................................276
The Auto and Options buttons in Levels and Curves .....................................278
The Curves Command ......................................................................................................280
The Curves dialog box ............................................................................................281
Using Curves ...........................................................................................................285
Summary ..........................................................................................................................291
Chapter 10: Selections and Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Core Selection Tools and Options .....................................................................................294
The Marquee tools...................................................................................................294
Important keyboard shortcuts .......................................................................298
Feathering selections .....................................................................................299
Anti-aliasing ..................................................................................................299
The Lasso tools........................................................................................................300
Polygonal Lasso tool ......................................................................................302
Magnetic Lasso tool .......................................................................................303
Quick Selection, Magic Wand, and Color Range .....................................................305
Quick Selection tool ......................................................................................305
Magic Wand tool ...........................................................................................307
Color Range...................................................................................................309
Refining Selections ............................................................................................................311
Refine Edge .............................................................................................................311
Select menu options ................................................................................................316
Understanding Channels ...................................................................................................319
Alpha channels ........................................................................................................320
Creating alpha channels ................................................................................320
The Channels panel .......................................................................................322
Work smarter ................................................................................................324
Color channels and selections........................................................................325
Sharing channels between images ..................................................................327
Summary ..........................................................................................................................327
xv
Contents
Part IV: Paths, Shapes, and Text
329
Chapter 11: Working with Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Introduction to Bézier Paths ..............................................................................................331
Defining Paths and Vector Tools .......................................................................................333
Dissecting a Photoshop path ...................................................................................333
Types of paths ...............................................................................................333
Parts of a path ...............................................................................................335
Understanding vector tools and options ..................................................................338
The Pen tools.................................................................................................338
Pen and path selection tool options ...............................................................340
The Paths panel .............................................................................................345
The Masks panel............................................................................................348
Creating Vector Paths........................................................................................................348
Making simple open and closed paths .....................................................................348
Creating complex paths ...........................................................................................351
Editing paths ...........................................................................................................360
Aligning and distributing path components ............................................................364
Path strokes and fills ...............................................................................................365
Path strokes ...................................................................................................365
Path fills ........................................................................................................366
Paths as selections .............................................................................................................367
Creating path selections ..........................................................................................367
From path to Alpha Channel ...................................................................................369
Sharing paths between documents and applications ................................................370
Summary ..........................................................................................................................371
Chapter 12: Working with Vector Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Vector Shapes Defined ......................................................................................................373
Using Vector Shape Tools .................................................................................................375
Creating vector shape layers ....................................................................................377
Shape layer options .................................................................................................377
Shape layer keyboard modifiers .....................................................................380
Combining shape layer areas .........................................................................381
Aligning and distributing shape layer areas ....................................................383
Editing Vector Shape Layers ..............................................................................................383
Using Vector Shape Presets ...............................................................................................384
Creating New Custom Shapes ...........................................................................................387
Creating New Shape Presets ..............................................................................................389
Summary ..........................................................................................................................390
Chapter 13: Working with Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Entering Text ....................................................................................................................392
Editing Text ......................................................................................................................393
Type tools .........................................................................................................................396
Single-Line Type ...............................................................................................................396
xvi
Contents
Paragraph Type .................................................................................................................397
Type Tool Options Bar ............................................................................................398
Character palette .....................................................................................................399
Choosing a font .............................................................................................399
OpenType options .........................................................................................401
Font size ........................................................................................................402
Leading .........................................................................................................403
Kerning .........................................................................................................403
Metrics kerning....................................................................................403
Optical kerning....................................................................................403
Manual kerning ...................................................................................404
Tracking ........................................................................................................405
Fractional Widths and System Layout ...........................................................406
Horizontal and vertical scaling.......................................................................406
Baseline shift .................................................................................................406
Color .............................................................................................................406
Character styles .............................................................................................407
Check Spelling ..............................................................................................408
Find and Replace ...........................................................................................409
Anti-aliasing ..................................................................................................409
Paragraph palette.....................................................................................................410
Alignment .....................................................................................................411
Justification ...................................................................................................411
Roman Hanging Punctuation .........................................................................413
Indents and spacing.......................................................................................413
Hyphenation .................................................................................................414
Adob