THE INFLUENCE OF VOA AND THE JAKARTA POST ARTICLES ON STUDENTS’ ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY AT SMAN 4 GOWA
THE INFLUENCE OF VOA AND THE JAKARTA POST ARTICLES
ON STUDENTS’ ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY AT SMAN
4 GOWA
A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana
Pendidikan (S.Pd) of English Education Department Tarbiyah and Teaching Science Faculty
Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar By:
FITHRA KHAERIAH
Reg. Number: 20400114069
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TARBIYAH AND TEACHING SCIENCE FACULTY
ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR
2018
LIST OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ......................................................................................................
F. Operational Definition of Terms ......................................... 6
D. Data Collection Procedure ................................................. 25
C. Research Instrument .......................................................... 23
2. Sample ........................................................................ 22
1. Population ................................................................... 22
B. Population and Sample ...................................................... 22
2. Research Variables ..................................................... 22
1. Research Design ......................................................... 21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .................................................... 21-31
A. Research Method ................................................................ 21C. Hypothesis ........................................................................... 19
B. Theoretical Framework ...................................................... 17
1) Previous Related Research Findings ............................. 7 2) Some Pertinent Ideas ................................................... 11
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...................... 7-20
A. Literature Review ................................................................ 7E. Research Scope .................................................................... 6
i PENYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ................................................................ ii
D. Research Significance ......................................................... 5
C. Research Objectives ............................................................ 4
B. Research Problem ............................................................... 4
A. Background.......................................................................... 1
............................................................... 1-6
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
......................................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT
.................................................................................. v LIST OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... viii LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................... xi
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
.................................................................................. iii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ..................................................................... iv
PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI
E. Data Analysis Technique .................................................... 27
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION ......................................... 32-44
A. Findings .............................................................................. 32 B. Discussion ........................................................................... 41CHAPTER V CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION ........................... 45-46
A. Conclussion ........................................................................ 45 B. Suggestion .......................................................................... 46 BIBLIOGRAPHIES ......................................................................................47-49
APPENDICES BIOGRAPHY
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 The Instrument Grid of Test ........................................................... 23 Table 2 The Instrument Grid of Questionnaire ........................................... 24 Table 3 The Rate Percentage of Score Experimental Class in Pre-Test ...... 32 Table 4 The Rate Percentage of Score Control Class in Pre-Test ................ 33 Table 5 The Rate Percentage of Score Experimental Class in Post-Test ..... 34 Table 6 The Rate Percentage of Score Control Class in Post-Test .............. 34 Table 7 The Mean Score of Experimental and Control Class ...................... 35 Table 8 The Mean Score and Standard Deviation ....................................... 36 Table 9 The Result of T-Test Calculation .................................................... 38 Table 10 The Result of Questionnaires .......................................................... 39
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures 1 The Schema of Theoretical Framework ......................................... 19
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix I Lesson Plan .......................................................................................... 50
Appendix IIVOA and the Jakarta Post Articles ...................................................... 68
Appendix III Instrument of Pre-test ........................................................................ 78
Appendix IV Instrument of Post-test ........................................................................ 81
Instrument of Questionnaire ................................................................. 84
Appendix V
Appendix VI The Classification of the Students’ Pre-test in Control Class ............. 85
Appendix VII The Classification of the Students’ Post-test in Control Class ......... 86
Appendix VIII The Classification of the Students’ Pre-test in ExperimentalClass ................................................................................................ 87 The Classification of the Students” Post-test in Experimental
Appendix IX
Class ................................................................................................... 88
Appendix X The Row Score of the Students’ Pre-test & Post-test in
Experimental Class ............................................................................. 89
Appendix XI The Row Score of the Students’ Pre-test & Post-test in Control
Class ................................................................................................... 91
Appendix XII The Mean Score ................................................................................. 93
Appendix XIII The Standard Deviation ................................................................... 94
Appendix XIV The Significance Different ............................................................... 96
Appendix XV The Distribution of T-table ............................................................... 97
Documentation ................................................................................. 98
Appendix XVI
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ABSTRACT Title : The Influence of VOA and the Jakarta Post Articles on
Students’ English Vocabulary Mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa Researcher : Fithra Khaeriah Reg. Number : 20400114069 Consultant I : Dr. H. Nur Asik, M.Hum. Consultant II : Dr. Muhammad Yaumi, M.Hum., M.A.
The objective of this research is to find out the empirical evidence of using
VOA and the Jakarta Post Articles on students’ English vocabulary mastery of the first grade students at SMAN 4 Gowa. It includes the students’ mastery in noun, adjective, verb, and adverb.
The design of this research was an experimental research. The population of this research were the first grade students of SMAN 4 Gowa. The sample of this research was the students in X MIA 3 as experimental class and X MIA 2 as control class.
The research instruments used by the researcher were test and questionnaires. The test was used to measure the students’ vocabulary mastery before and after treatment and the questionnaire was used to collect information about the students’ interest in learning vocabulary by using VOA Articles. The form of the test was multiple choices and consists of twenty items. The techniques used in collecting the data were pre-test and post-test. Pre-test was administered before the researcher began the teaching learning process in both classes and post test was administered after six times of meetings.
The findings of this research were that was 2.714 and of degree of significance 5% (0.05) was 2.021. It means that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted and null hypothesis (H0) was rejected because ≥ . Therefore, it can be concluded that teaching English vocabulary by using VOA Articles had a significant influence and it was more effective than teaching English vocabulary by using the Jakarta Post.
Based on the findings above, the researcher suggests that as the English teacher, we should be creative in teaching English vocabulary because the more the students master the vocabulary the better their performance in all aspect of English language. So, VOA Articles is one of the alternative ways that can be used by the teacher in teaching and improving students’ vocabulary mastery because this article comes with audio report, the sentence are short, and the speed of the audio report is slower than normal, and it also contains many English vocabulary. So, by using this media, the students not only learn about the word but also how to pronounce it from the audio report.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background In order to understand the language, vocabulary is very important to be
mastered by the student. Vocabulary is needed to express our ideas and to be able to understand other people’s saying. According to Alqahtani, vocabulary mastery is an individual’s great skill in using words of a language, which is acquired based on their
1
own interest needs and motivation . Vocabulary mastery plays an important role in four language skills and have to be considered that vocabulary mastery is one of the needed components of language. According to Simanjuntak at al, people cannot master a language well unless they have a good mastery on vocabulary we are learning. Learning a foreign language is basically a matter of learning the vocabulary
2
of language , while Brown states that “the larger the vocabulary size one has, the
3
better one’s performance in all aspect of English language work will be” . The exact choice of word is helpful to have a good communication in language. One of the component that links the listening, speaking, reading, and writing is vocabulary. If the students have limited vocabulary, it means that they will find difficulties in understanding English. However, English vocabulary is diffrent from Indonesian 1 Mofareh Alqahtani, “The Importance of Vocabulary in Language Learning and How to be
Tauught”, Journa,l Vol. III, no. 3, (2015), p. 26 2 Elisabeth Gracia Simanjuntak et al, “The Effect of Students’ Reading Inerest and Vocabuary Mastery on Students’ Reading Comprehension”, Journal, Vol. 4, no. 4, (2015), p.4 3 H.D.Brown, Principle of Language Learning and Teaching(second Ed.) White Plains, (NJ: Prentice Hall, 1987), p. 87
2
vocabulary, so the student sometimes find some difficulties in mastering vocabulary, such as how to pronounce the word correctly, how to write and spell it, how to use it in grammatical pattern, and so on. In addition, they also have to know the meaning of the word. There are many concequences or impacts that probably arise when they do not know the meaning of the word, for example they misinterpret the meaning of the message or cannot understand the content of what they are reading. To overcome the problems, many methods, technique and media can help the students in acquiring new vocabulary. One of the technique is by using media. Here the researcher used Voice of America (VOA) and the Jakarta Post Articles.
Voice of America (VOA) Article is one of part from VOA Special English. This article comes with audio report, the sentences are short, and the speed of the audio report is slower than normal. In addition, this article also contains many English vocabulary, and most of the vocabulary consists of high frequency words. This programs present the latest world news as well as information about science, medicine, education, economics, American history and life in United States. So, by using this program, the students not only learn about the word but also learn how to pronounce it from the audio report.
Meanwhile, the Jakarta Post is the most famous daily English newspaper that is published in Indonesia. According to Joe Pemagbi, newspaper can used to teach many aspects of language and communication skills. Editorials and gossip colums can be used to teach formal and informal varieties of English; editorial and feature articles can provide passage for summary and comprehension; newspaper may
3
contain material for teaching various types of writing: description, analysis and synthesis, comparason and contrast and process description; and they provide models
4 of good written form: paragraphing, topic sentence, introductions, conclutions, etc .
From the statements, the researcher concludes that English newspaper article is one of the media in teaching vocabulary to the students. It does not only help the reader to know the recent news but also help the students to improve their vocabularies.
That is the reason why the researcher used Voice of America (VOA) Articles and the Jakarta Post in teaching vocabulary, because there are so many things that the students can get from the VOA Articles and the Jakarta Post, such as up to date news and other interesting topics. From the articles, the studets can enhance their vocabulary by reading it. Furthermore, students can learn vocabulary from VOA Article and the Jakarta Post because it is a rich authentic material. Thus, VOA Article and the Jakarta Post can help instil the reading habit among students with its interesting news as well as help them in language learning. The purpose of this research is not emphasized to improve students’ vocabulary, but to know and to describe about the influence of using VOA Articles and the Jakarta Post on students’ english vocabulary mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa.
4 Joe Pemagbi, “Using Newspapers and Radio in English Language Teaching: The Sierra
Leona Experience”, Forum Vol. 33, no. 3 (July, 1995), p. 53
4 B. Research Problem
Based on the previous background, the researcher formulated problem statements as follow:
1. Is there any influence of using VOA Article on students’ English vocabulary mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa?
2. Is there any influence of using Jakarta Post Article on students’ English vocabulary mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa?
3. Is there any different on students’ English vocabulary mastery between the group that uses VOA article and the group that uses Jakarta Post article at SMAN 4 Gowa?
C. Research Objectives
Based on the research problem above, the researcher formulated that the specific objective of the research are:
1. To express the influence of using VOA Article on students’ english vocabulary mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa.
2. To examine the influence of using Jakarta Post Article on students’ english vocabulary mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa.
3. To compare the difference on students’ english vocabulary mastery between the group that uses VOA Article and the group that uses Jakarta Post Article at SMAN 4 Gowa
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D. Research Significance
The result of this research is expected to be useful theoretically and practically.
1. Theoretical Significance
The result of this research is expected to be able to add empirical evidence to support the learning theory of vocabulary, especially in using Voice of America (VOA) and Jakarta Post Article.
2. Practical Significance
The result of this research is expected to be valuable information and give valuable contribution for teachers and students. The detailed practical benefits of this research are as follows:
a. Teacher This research is expected to help the teachers guiding their students in enhancing student’s vocabulary. In addition, the researcher also expects the result of this research can give positive contribution for all teachers in teaching vocabulary.
b. Students The researcher expects that all of students can master English vocabulary, because it is a base of language. By knowing vocabularies, the students will be able to improve the other language skills, such as listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
6 E. Research Scope
This research focused on finding out the influence of Voice of America (VOA) and the Jakarta Post Articles on students’ vocabulary mastery. It includes the students’ mastery in verb, adjective, noun, and adverb. This research conducted at SMAN 4 Gowa.
F. Operational Definition of Terms
To understand the topic of this research easily, the researcher would like to present the operational defintion of terms.
1. Voice of America (VOA) Article Voice of America (VOA) Article is an English factual essay about science, education, economics, American history, and life in the United States that is published by VOA Special English.
2. The Jakarta Post Article The Jakarta Post is an English newspaper that consist of a particular issues or topic, such as: education, economic reports, cultures or other recent news occure in the world which are published daily or weekly.
3. English Vocabulary Mastery English vocabulary mastery is the understanding or ability about the words, such as: how to pronounce the word correctly, how to write and spell it, how to use it in grammatical pattern, what is the meaning of the word, and what types of the word.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Literature Review
1. Previous Related Research Findings
In this research, there are some reviews of related research findings from previous researchers, they are: Rohmatillah (2016) conducted a research about: “The Effect of Using The
Jakarta Post Newspaper Articles in Enhancing Vocabulary of English for University
Student : an Experimental Research”. The subject of this research is the first semester
of English Education program at IAIN Raden Intan Lampung. The objective of this research are to know and to describe about the effect of using Jakarta Post newspaper articles in enhancing vocabulary of English. In the end of the research, the researcher found that there is significant effect of using the Jakarta Post newspaper articles to
1 enhance vocabulary of English for university students.
Umam (2010) conducts a research about: Improving the Students’ Vocabulary
Mastery with the Jakarta Post Newspaper Article. The subject of his research is the
students at second grade of MTs. Al-Khairiyah Jakarta. The aim of his research is to find out the empirical evidence whether there is significant influence between the use 1 Rohmatillah, “The Effect of Using the Jakarta Post Newspaper Article in Enhancing
Vocabulary of English for University Student : an Experimental Research,” English Education : Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, Vol.9, (Lampung: IAIN Raden Intan Lampung, 2016), p. 1
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of the Jakarta Post newspaper articles toward the students’ vocabulary mastery at the second grade of MTs. Al-Khairiyah Jakarta. It includes the students’ mastery in verb, adjective, and noun. In the end of the research, the researcher found that teaching English vocabulay by using the Jakarta Post newspaper articles has a significant influence and it is more effective than teaching English vocabulary by using
2 textbooks.
Based on some previous finding, the researcher concludes that the use of articles in teaching vocabulary has a significant influence and it is more effective than teaching vocabulary by using textbook.
Phoung Thao (2017) conducts a research about: A Study on Using VOA
Special English Program to Improve Vocabulary for the Second-Year English Major
at Hung Yen University of Technology and Education. The subject of his research is
the the second-year students of English major at Hung Yen University. The objective of this research is to help students find language classes, specially get easier to learn listening vocabulary more interesting by using VOA special English. In the end of the research, the researcher found that VOA special English can be used to improve students’ listening vocabulary and the researcher recommends that the teachers
2 Khoirul Umam, “Improving the Students’ Vocabulary Mastery with the Jakarta Post
newspaper Articles,” Thesis, (Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2010), p. 4
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should usually use VOA to teach students more appropriate tasks and activities and
3 be active creative as well to maintain the learners’ interest in learning .
Nan and Mingfang (2009) in their research entitled: Using VOA Special
English to Improve Advanced English Learners’ Productive Use of High Frequncy
Words. The subject of their research is the student of non-English majors in China.
The objective of their research are to deal with the students difficulties to express their ideas in speaking and writing and illustrates how to use the Voice of America (VOA) Special English program to increase advanced students’ vocabulary and improve their spoken and written skills. In the end of the research, the researchers found that after two months of using the VOA Special English reports as a means to focus on high frequency words and collocations, the students began to see progress in
4 their speaking and writing.
Based on some previous findings above,the researcher which focused in using
VOA Special English can help the students to improve their vocabulary, especially high frequency words and collocation.
Al-Seghayer (2001) in his research entitled: The Effect of Multimedia
Annotation Modes on L2 Vocabulary Acquisition: A Comparative Study. The
participants of this research are 30 ESL students. This study examines which of the image modalities – dynamic video or still picture – is more effective in aiding 3 Le Phuong Thao, “A Study on Using VOA Special English Program to Improve Vocaulary
for the Second-Year English Majors at Hung Yen University of Technology and Education”, Journal,
(Vietnam: Hung Yen University, 2017), p. 1 4 Yao Nan and Zuo Mingfang, “Using VOA Special English to Improve Advanced English Learner’s Productive Use of High Frequency Words”, p. 2610
vocabulary acquisition. In this study, 30 participants being measured under three conditions: printed text definition alone, printed text definition coupled with still pictures, and printed text definition coupled with video clips. In the end of the research, the researcher found that a video clip in combination with a text definition is more effective in teaching unknown vocabulary than a picture in combination with a text definition. Participants learned and recalled more words when video clips were
5 provided than when pictures were made available.
As the conclusion of the researcher, the finding of the researcher above printed text definition coupled with video clips is more effective in teaching unknown vocabulary than printed text definition alone and printed text definition coupled with still picture . In this research, the researcher focused on finding out the influence of Voice of America (VOA) Articles in combination with audio from VOA Special English and the Jakarta Post Articles on students’ English vocabulary mastery. The researcher conducted this research with different subject, setting and design. This research took place at SMAN 4 Gowa and the design of this research is quasi- experiment, that is nonequivalent control group design with pre-test and post-test.
5 Khalid Al-Seghayer, “The Effect of Multimedia Annotation Modes on L2 Vocabulary
Acquisition: A Comparative Study”, Journal, Vol.5, (University of Pittsburgh, 2001), p.202
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2. Some Partinent Ideas
a. Concept of Vocabulary 1) Definition of Vocabulary
6 Vocabulary is all the words used or understood by a person. Meanwhile Allen stated that many of the vocabulary in English text-books must be learned.
7 Without it, no one can speak or understand the language. It means that people cannot write a word or make a sentence well, when they do not master it.
Talking about vocabulary, there are many definition of vocabulary according to some expert. Richards and Renandya stated that vocabulary is a core component of language proficiency and provide much of the basis for how well learners speak,
8
listen, read, and write. In the other words, vocabulary is index of words that is used by people to communicate, and it is a part of language component. By mastering vocabulary, it will help the students to communicate easily both of written and oral. Meanwhile, according to Kridalaksana as quoted by Zaenuri in Jannah stated that vocabulary is a component of language that containts all information about meaning
9 and using word in a language. Other definition of vocabulary is according to Flower.
He stated that learning vocabulary is a very important part of learning English. If you 6 D.J. Henry and Susan Pongratz, Mastering Vocabulary, (New Jersey: Pearson Education,
2007), p. 6 7 Virginia French Allen, Technique in Teaching Vocabulary, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), p.7 8 J.C.Richard & W.A.Renandya, Methodology in Language Teaching, (USA: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 255 9 Miftahul Jannah, “Using Games in Improving Students’ Vocabulary”, Thesis, 2011, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 1983), p. 7
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make grammar mistake, it may be “wrong” but very often people will understand you anyway. But if you do not know the exact word that you need, it is very frustrating for you, and the person you are talking to. Good English means having a big
10 vocabulary.
From the definition above, it can be concluded that vocabulary not only consist list of words but also containts all of information about using word, and it also containts meaning of word in a language. In the other words, it becomes a basic for people to communicate, because without vocabulary no one can speak or understand the language.
2) Kinds of Vocabulary There are many kinds of vocabulary according to some expert. Behlol stated that vocabularies can be divided into two categories: (a) Passive Vocabulary consist of the words that the students may recognize and understand when they occure in the context but which they cannot produce or use correctly in different context; (b) Active Vocabulary consists of the words which the students understand, recall, write with the correct spellings, pronounce them correctly, and use constructively in
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speaking and writing. Meanwhile, Aebersold and Lee devides vocabulary into two categories: (a) Receptive Vocabulary is vocabulary that readers recognize when they 10 John Flower, American Vocabulary Program 1: Lower Intermediate, (Boston: Heinle,
2002), p. 5 11 Behlol, “Comparative Effectiveness of Contextual and Structural Method of Teaching Vocabulary”, In Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching ,6(1), (2010), p. 40
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see it but do not use when they speak or write; (b) Productive Vocabulary is
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vocabulary that the people actually use to speak and write. Gate devides vocabulary into two categories: (a) Function words are closed class. We can not add to the preposition or auxiliaries or modals or any other structure word of the language; (b) Content words are on the other hand, can be added to any time as new scientific
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advances make new words and communication about new inventions necessary. In the other hand, Fries classified English Vocabulary into four froups: (a) Content word represent the name of the subject or thing, that is concrete noun(book, scissors, and
bag). Action done by with these things, that is verb (go, find, and run), and the
qualities of these things, that is adjective (small, tall, and far); (b) Function words are those, which are used as a means of expressing relation grammar structure, such as conjunction (but, or, and), article (a, an, and the), and auxiliaries (are, be, is); (c) Subtitute words are those, which represent the individual things or specific action as substitute for whole from classes of words, that is, identifies (anything, anyone); (e) Distribute words are those are distribute in use according to grammatical matter as
14 presence of negative such as either, too, or, yet.
According to Djalus Syah and Azimar Enong in Jannah classifies vocabulary into: (a) General Vocabulary is the words that are used in general, and; (b) Special 12 Jo Ann Aebersold & Mary Lee Field, From Reader to Reading Teacher, (USA: Cambridge
University Press, 1997), p. 139 13 Edinburgh Gate, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, International Edition, (England: Pearson Educational Limited, 2003), p. 1843 14 C. Fries, Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language, (Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1974),
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Vocabulry is the words that are used in the certain foeld or job, profession or special
15 science and technology.
According to Herrel in Mukoroli states that there are four types of vocabulary: (a) Reading vocaulary, this refers to all the words an individual can recognize when reading a text; (b) Listenng vocabulary, it refers to all the words an individual can recognize when listening to speech; (c) Writing vocabulary, this includes all the words an individual can employ in writing; (d)Speaking vocabulary, this refers to all
16 the words an individual can use in speech.
From the definition above, it can be concluded that there are vocabulary that the people know, but they do not use it, and there are vocabulary that the people not only know but also use it, especially in speaking and writing. In addition, there are vocabulary that are used in general, and there are vocabulary that are used in the certain field.
b. Concept of Voice of America (VOA) Article 1) Definition of VOA Article
The Voice of America (VOA) is a dynamic international multimedia broadcaster with service in more than 40 languages. It is funded by U.S. Goverment through the broadcasting board of the Governor. On October 19, 1959, the Voice of 15 16 Miftahul Jannah, “Using Games in Improving Students’ Vocabulary”, p. 8 Joseph Mukoroli, “Effective Vocabulary Teaching Strategies for the English for Academic
Purpose ESL Classroom”, Journal, (January, 2011), p.6
15
17 America broadcast the first Special English program.
VOA Article is one of part of
VOA Special English program. Special English is VOA’s method of communicating
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with English learners around the world in a way that is easy to understand. It provides news, information, and cultural programming through the internet, mobile and social media, radio, and television. This program uses many English words to deliver article with audio and video on news, music, culture, and other interesting topics.
2) The Advantages of VOA Some advantages of the Special English program include: (a) It is easily accessible on the Internet at www.voanews.com/specialenlish. This saves learner much time and effort in finding appropriate English learning materials; (b) The Special English program exposes learners to a large amount of comprehensible input using high frequency words; (c) The Special English program arouses the learners’ enthusiasm for English learning with its interesting, informative, and detailed
19 reports.
17 Kornelius Ujang Sabinus, “Increasing Students’ Listening Comprehension by Using VOA: Special English Video,” Thesis, (Pontianak: Universitas Tanjungpura, 2013), p. 4 18 VOA Special English, Word Book: A List of Words Used in Special English Programs on
Radio, Television and the Internet, (Wasington, D.C. : 2009), p. 7 19 Yao Nan and Zuo Mingfang, “Using VOA Special English to Improve Advanced English Learners’ Productive Use of High Frequency Words,”, p. 29
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c. Concept of the Jakarta Post 1) Definition of the Jakarta Post
The Jakarta Post is the most famous daily English newspaper that is published in Indonesia. According to the Oxford dictionary, newspaper is a printed publication
20 appearing daily or weekly and containing, and articles on various subjects .
Meanwhile, according to Encyclopedia Americana, a newspaper is unbound publication issued at regular intervals that seek to inform, explain and interprate, influence and entertain. It also serves readers and its own financial viability by
21 publishing advertising.
From the definition above, there are so many things that students can get from the newspaper article, such as the recent news and advertising. From the articles, the students can improve their vocabulary by reading it.
2) The Advantages of the Jakarta Post According to Sanderson, there are several advantages of using English newspaper articles in the classroom, such as: (a) Varieties of English; (b) Reader
22 Interest; (c) Authentic Materials; and (d) Teaching Materials.
20 A.S.Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, (New York: Oxford University Press,
2000), p. 782 21 22 Opium Navajo, Encyclopedia Americana, (New York: Grolier Incorporated, 1995), vol.20 Paul Sanderson, Using Newspapers in the Classroom, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p.2-4
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Newspapers contain a wide variety of text types and language styles that is not easily found in convenctional language-learning materials such as general course books. The enemours variety of subject-matter in newspaper, for example real-life events will arouse our natural curiosity about the world around us. Using newspaper materials in the classroom will also particularly helpful for those students who may go to live or work in the target language community, and it also provide language teachers with a limitless supply of teaching materials which can be used to develop their students’ language skills.
B. Theoretical Framework
Vocabulary is one of language components that is very important in learning English, because it is a base of language. It also helps students write easily, and understand what they read or hear if they has enough vocabulary and has a capability of using it correctly. Without good mastering in vocabularies, no one can speak or understand the language. But, to teach or to develop students’ vocabulary, it is not easy. Sometimes the teacher gets some difficulties to improve or to develop students’ vocabulary especially for growing students’ interest. It can be caused by several factors. One of them is the students feel bored because there is not new fun strategy. Therefore, the teacher should be creative in teaching vocabulary. In this case, the researcher will teach vocabulary by using VOA Article as a media. It is one of part of
VOA Special English program. This program uses many English words to deliver article with audio and video on news, music, culture, and other interesting topics. It
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means that, VOA can be used to improve the students’ vocabulary because it contains of varieties of oral and written English. In the other words, it is assumed that there is any influence of using VOA Article on students’ vocabulary mastery.
Newspapers contain a wide variety of text types and language styles that is not easily found in conventional language-learning materials (e.g. general course books), and students need to become familiar with such language forms. Newspapers provide a natural source of many of the varieties of written English that become increasingly important to students and valuable for language study as they progress. Newspaper report real-life events and this arouses our natural curiosity about the world around
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us . It means that, English newspaper can be used to improve students’ vocabulary because it contains of varieties of written English. In addition, English newspaper is an interesting reading because it consists of variety of subject-matter that can increase the readers’ curiosity. In the other words, it is assumed that there is an influence of using the Jakarta Post on students’ vocabulary mastery.
The use of VOA and Jakarta Post article in the classroom as a media to teach vocabulary can be useful, because they uses many English words and there are so many things that students can get from the newspaper and VOA article, such as news, culture, advertising, and other topics. From the articles, the students can improve their vocabulary by reading it. However, there is any different between VOA Articles and 23 the Jakarta Post Articles. In VOA Article the students not only learn about the word
Paul Sanderson, Using Newspapers in the Classroom, p.2-3
19
but also learn how to pronounce the word, because this program not only provides written report but also audio report. It is assumed that there is any different on students’ English vocabulary mastery between the group that uses VOA Article and the group that uses Jakarta Post source.
Based on the explanation above, the schema of theoretical framework of this research are as follows:
VOA Article Students’
Vocabulary Mastery The Jakarta Post
Figures 1 The Schema of Theoretical Framework
C. Hypothesis
1. Statistical Hypothesis H0 : Voice of America (VOA) Article is not effective to improve students’ vocabulary at SMAN 4 Gowa.
H1 : Voice of America (VOA) Article is effective to improve students’ vocabulary at SMAN 4 Gowa.
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2. Research Hypothesis
a. There is any influence of using VOA Article on students’ English vocabulary mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa.
b. There is any influence of using the Jakarta Post Article on students’ English vocabulary mastery at SMAN 4 Gowa.
c. There is any different on students’ English vocabulary mastery between group that uses VOA Article and the group that uses Jakarta Post Article at SMAN 4 Gowa.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Method
1. Research Design
The design of this research is quasi-experiment design, exactly Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The research design would be presented as follows:
1 Group Pre-test Treatment Post-Test
E
1 x
2
- 1
2 C
Where : E = Experimental Group C = Control Group
1
= Pre-test
2 = Post-test
X = Treatment In this design, involve two groups of classes. One of the classes is the experimental group (E) and the other one is the control group (C). There was the treatment (X) to the experimental group and control treatment to the control group.
To show the significant effectiveness by comparing the result of pre-test (0
1 ) and
post-test (0 1 2 ).
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2016), p. 116
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2. Research Variables This research consist of two variables, dependent and independent variable.
Independent variables is the presumed cause of an effect. Whereas, dependent
2
variable is the response or outcome of the independent variable. The independent variable (X) in this research is Voice of America (VOA) and the Jakarta Post Articles.
Meanwhile, the dependent variable (Y) in this research is students’ vocabulary.
B. Population and Sample
1. Population The population of this research was the first grade students of SMAN 4 Gowa.
The total numbers of population are 215 students, consists of 6 classes. X MIA 1 consists of 36 students, X MIA 2 consists of 36 students, X MIA 3 consists of 35 students, X MIA 4 consists of 36 students, X IIS 1 consists of 36 students, and X IIS 2 consists of 36 students.
2. Sample
The technique sampling of this research is purposive sampling. The researcher used two classes as the sample to get representative data and divide it into two groups, that is experimental class and control class. The researcher used X.MIA 3 as