GELANGGANG REMAJA TANGERANG SELATAN

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2013/2014 LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM GELANGGANG REMAJA TANGERANG SELATAN Tema Desain

  Fokus Kajian

  Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Disusun oleh: Maria Carizza Pandora Raharjo 09.11.0071

  Dosen pembimbing : Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani, MT

  November 2013 KELOMPOK C Puji syukur kepada Bapa di Surga dan dengan karunia-Nya dan perlindungan- Nya dari awal hingga akhir penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur ini sehingga dapat berjalan lancer tanpa kurang suatu apa. Landasan

Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 64 semester ganjil 2013/2014 dengan judul “GELANGGANG REMAJA TANGERANG SELATAN" ini disusun untuk

  memenuhi salah satu persyaratan guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur, Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata, Semarang.

  Penyusun telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin untuk menyempurnakan materi Landasan Teori dan Program ini, tetapi penyusun juga menyadari keterbatasan sehingga terdapat kesalahan yang tidak disengaja dalam penyusunan materi dan penyajiannya.

  Selain itu, tanpa bantuan pihak-pihak terkait , materi Landasan Teori dan Program Arsitektur ini tidak dapat diselesaikan. Karena itu , penyusun ingin menyampaikan penghargaan dan rasa terima kasih kepada yang tercinta :

  1. Ir. IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani selaku Dosen pembimbing yang telah dengan sabar membimbing dan mengarahkan dari konsep awal, revisi, hingga hasil akhir proses penyusunan LTP ini.

  2. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT selaku Dosen Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur periode 64.

  3. Tim Dosen Review yang memberikan masukan penting bagi kesempurnaan Landasan Teori dan Program ini.

  4. Alm. Petrus Yizreel Ariobimo Pandhu Raharjo yang memberikan semangat dan motivasi dari surga yang terus akan selalu ada di hati dengan segala kenangan indah dan telah menjadi adik yang terbaik di dunia.

  5. Keluarga besar Juwono yang menjadi motivasi untuk terus berjuang dalam proses penyusunan LTP ini.

  6. Fandi Krismawan yang telah membantu memberi masukan mengenai konsep dan pola pemikiran penyusunan LTP ini.

  7. Maria Rosario Putri yang selalu mendampingi di saat senang dan susah selama menjadi mahasiswi di Unika Soegijapranata.

  8. Viviana Esthi yang sellau menemani dan memberikan masukan secara dewasa selama menjadi mahasiswi di Unika Soegijapranata.

  9. Ayu Catherine Kurniasari yang selalu memberikan motivasi untuk disiplin dan teman setia selama proses PAA 64.

  10. Rachmadanti yang selalu memberikan ajaran dan masukan selama proses PAA 64.

  11. Vicky Widia teman sekaligus adik yang sudah membantu dan menemani di kala suntuk dan tidak bersemangat.

  12. Teman - teman Kontrakan 2008 dan teman - teman Arsitektur 2009 yang telah memberikan kenangan dan kebahagiaan selama proses menjadi mahasiswi Arsitektur Unika Soegijapranata Semarang.

  13. Rekan - rekan seperjuangan satu studio PAA 64 yang telah memberikan dukungan dan semangat.

  14. Pihak-pihak lain yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu yang telah membantu dalam menyelesaikan laporan ini.

  Akhir kata dengan segala kerendahan hati, mengingat keterbatasan kemampuan penulis dalam menyusun laporan ini, maka LTP - PAA ini masih banyak kekurangan. Saran dan kritik yang membangun dari semua pihak akan sangat membantu penyempurnaan pada masa mendatang.

  Semarang, November 2013 Hormat saya,

  Maria Carizza Pandora Raharjo

  DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................ ii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ v

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ............................................................................................. xvii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xviii

I.

  PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................. 1

  1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek .................................................................................. 1

  1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Proyek ........................................................................... 3

  1.2.1. Tujuan ................................................................................................... 3

  1.2.2. Sasaran ................................................................................................ 4

  1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan .................................................................................... 4

  1.4. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................................... 5

  1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 5

  1.4.1.1. Data Primer ............................................................................ 5

  1.4.1.2. Data Sekunder ....................................................................... 5

  1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis ......................................................... 6

  1.4.3. Metoda Pemrograman .......................................................................... 6

  1.4.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 6

  II. TINJAUAN PROYEK ........................................................................................ 8

  2.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................................. 8

  2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................................ 8

  2.1.2. Latar Belakang

• – Perkembangan – Trend ......................................... 13 Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 14 Perkembangan .................................................................................. 21 Tren ................................................................................................... 22

  2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ......................................................................................... 24

  2.2.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................ 24

  2.2.2. Batasan Bidang yang Akan Diwadahi ................................................ 25 Olahraga ........................................................................................... 26 Seni ................................................................................................... 28

  2.2.3. Kegiatan ............................................................................................. 29 Pendekatan Pelaku ........................................................................... 29 Struktur Organisasi di Gelanggang Remaja ....................................... 31 Fasilitas ............................................................................................. 32

  2.2.4. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain .................................................. 38 Arsitektur ........................................................................................... 38 Bangunan .......................................................................................... 39 Lingkungan ........................................................................................ 40

  2.2.5. Deskripsi Konteks Desa/Kota ............................................................. 40

  1. Geografi ........................................................................................ 40

  2. Topografi ....................................................................................... 41

  3. Pembagian Administratif Kota Tangerang Selatan ........................ 42

  2.2.6. Studi Banding / Komparasi Proyek Sejenis ........................................ 44

  2.2.7. Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 47

  1. Arsitektur ....................................................................................... 47

  2. Bangunan ...................................................................................... 48

  3. Lingkungan .................................................................................... 48

  2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan .......................................................... 48

  2.3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 48

  2.3.2. Batasan .............................................................................................. 49

  2.3.3. Anggapan .......................................................................................... 50

  

III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................. 51

  3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .................................................................... 51

  3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ................................................................................... 51

  a. Pengelompokan Kegiatan ............................................................ 51

  b. Studi Pendekatan Pengunjung ...................................................... 53

  c. Pelaku

• – Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan ............................................... 54

  d. Jadwal Kegiatan ........................................................................... 60

  3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas (Kebutuhan

• – Pola – Besaran - Indoor/Outdoor) ......... 63

  a. Alur Ruang Keseluruhan .............................................................. 63

  b. Alur Ruang Indoor dan Outdoor ................................................... 64

  c. Besaran Ruang ............................................................................... 67

  d. Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................................... 90

  e. Studi Citra Arsitekrural ................................................................. 93

  3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...................................................... 94

  3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure .................................................... 94

  3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas ......................................................................... 104

  3.2.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi .......................................................... 112

  3.3. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan ..................................................................... 114

  3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................. 114 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................. 114 Analisa Perkotaan Kota Tangerang Selatan ................................... 115 Dampak Positif dan Negatif Proyek ................................................. 120 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi Proyek .................................................... 121 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi dengan Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi ............. 125

  3.3.2. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ................................................................. 126 Dasar Pertimbangan Pemilihan Tapak ............................................ 126 Observasi Lokasi Tapak .................................................................. 126 Foto

• – Foto Tapak ........................................................................... 128 Aksebilitas/Pencapaian Lokasi Tapak ............................................. 129 Sarana dan Prasarana Lokasi Tapak .............................................. 130 Potensi dan Problematika Tapak .................................................... 131 Analisa Distrik Jalan Tapak ............................................................. 132 Data dan Analisis Tapak Terpilih ...................................................... 135

  

IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ........................................................................... 136

  4.1. Konsep Program ....................................................................................... 136

  4.1.1. Citra Arsitektural .............................................................................. 136

  4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ................................................................................... 136

  4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi .............................................................................. 136

  4.1.4. Aspek Lingkungan ........................................................................... 137

  4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................................................................. 137

  4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................ 137

  4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan .......................................................... 138 Pelaku ............................................................................................. 138 Fasilitas ........................................................................................... 139

  4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................... 145 Arsitektur ......................................................................................... 145 Bangunan ........................................................................................ 146 Lingkungan ...................................................................................... 147

  4.3. Program Arsitektur .................................................................................... 147

  4.3.1. Program Kegiatan ............................................................................ 147 Program Ruang ............................................................................... 147 Program Besaran Ruang ................................................................. 153 Pola Ruang Outdoor Indoor ............................................................ 159

  4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................. 163

  4.3.3. Program Sistem Utilitas .................................................................... 170

  4.4. Program Lokasi dan Tapak ....................................................................... 179 Ruang Terbuka Hijau ...................................................................... 179 Perbaikan Iklim Mikro Setempat ...................................................... 179 Perbaikan Tapak ............................................................................. 179 Material Perkerasan Tanah .............................................................. 180

  V. KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................................ 181

  5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain ................................................................ 181

  5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Tema Desain ..................... 181

  5.1.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................ 184

  5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Tema Desain ................................. 187 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 188

  5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................................ 189

  5.2.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..... 189 Suhu Udara ..................................................................................... 191 Kecepatan Angin ............................................................................. 194 Kelembaban Udara ......................................................................... 196 Rata

• – Rata Suhu Permukaan Ruang ............................................. 198 Aktivitas Manusia ............................................................................ 198 Pakaian ........................................................................................... 200

  5.2.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................................ 201

  5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan ................ 203 Orientasi Bangunan ......................................................................... 204 Elemen Arsitektur ............................................................................ 208 Elemen Lansekap ............................................................................ 210 Material / Bahan Bangunan ............................................................. 213 Batasan .............................................................................................. 217 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 218

  

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. xxvi

LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... xxx

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.01 Fase Rentang Waktu Usia Remaja . ...................................................... 9Tabel 2.02 Gelanggang Remaja di Pulau Jawa . .................................................... 15Tabel 2.03 Jumlah Penduduk Kota Tangerang Selatan 2013 . ............................... 18Tabel 2.04 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan 2013 . ........................................... 19Tabel 2.05 Komunitas di Tangerang Selatan . ........................................................ 20Tabel 2.06 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2010 . ................................. 23Tabel 2.07 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2013 . ................................. 23Tabel 2.08 Standar Ukuran Lapangan Basket . ...................................................... 26Tabel 2.09 Standar Ukuran Lapangan Badminton . ................................................ 27Tabel 2.10 Jenis Pelaku . ........................................................................................ 29Tabel 2.11 Studi Fasilitas . ...................................................................................... 32Tabel 2.12 Fasilitas Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan . ............................................. 45Tabel 2.13 Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro . ................................ 46Tabel 3.01 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2010 . ................................ 53Tabel 3.02 Jumlah Remaja Tangerang Selatan tahun 2013 . ................................ 53Tabel 3.03 Jadwal

• – Pelaku – Sifat Kegiatan . ....................................................... 54

Tabel 3.04 Jadwal Kegiatan . ................................................................................. 60Tabel 3.05 Jadwal Kegiatan Spontarious Park . ...................................................... 61Tabel 3.06 Jadwal Kegiatan di Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool . ................................. 62Tabel 3.07 Tabel Besaran Ruang . ......................................................................... 67Tabel 3.08 Studi Sistem Struktur . ........................................................................... 96Tabel 3.09 Studi Sistem Utilitas ........................................................................... 104Tabel 3.10 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi . .......................................................... 112Tabel 3.11 Dampak Positif dan Negatif . .............................................................. 120Tabel 3.12 Kriteria Pemilihan Lokasi . .................................................................. 125Tabel 3.13 Potensi dan Problematika Tampak . ................................................... 131Tabel 4.01 Pembagian Pelaku . ............................................................................ 138Tabel 4.02 Studi Fasilitas . .................................................................................... 139Tabel 4.03 Program Ruang . ................................................................................. 147Tabel 4.04 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang . .................................................................... 153Tabel 4.05 Analisa Kebutuhan Parkir . .................................................................. 155Tabel 4.06 Analisa Kebutuhan Parkir ................................................................... 156Tabel 4.07 Analisa Kebutuhan Lahan . ................................................................. 158Tabel 4.08 Program Sistem Struktur . ................................................................... 163Tabel 4.09 Program Sistem Utilitas . ..................................................................... 170Tabel 5.01 Judul Tema Desain . ........................................................................... 181Tabel 5.02 Perbandingan Ciri Tema Desain dengan Aplikasi Pada Bangunan . ... 183Tabel 5.03 Penerapan Teori Tema Desain . ......................................................... 187Tabel 5.04 Judul Permasalahan Dominan . .......................................................... 189Tabel 5.05 Pendapat Para Ahli . ........................................................................... 190Tabel 5.06 Suhu Nyaman Menurut Standar Tata Cara Perencanaan Teknis. ..... 193Tabel 5.07 Bahan Atap dan Kenaikan Suhu . ....................................................... 198Tabel 5.08 Aktivitas dan Kecepatan Metabolisme . ............................................... 199Tabel 5.09 Pakaian dan Clothing Value . .............................................................. 200Tabel 5.10 Shadding Coefficient . ......................................................................... 209Tabel 5.11 Elemen Pelindung dan Shadding Coefficient . .................................... 210Tabel 5.12 Shadding Coefficient dan Berbagai Jenis Material Kaca . ................... 213Tabel 5.13 Radiasi Matahari dan Serapan Kalor . ................................................. 214Tabel 5.14 Radiasi Matahari dan Warna Material . ............................................... 214

  

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

  Diagram 2.01 Skema Dinamika Kehidupan Remaja . ............................................. 13 Diagram 2.02 Skema Kebutuhan Provinsi Banten akan Gelanggang Remaja . ...... 17 Diagram 2.03 Struktur Organisasi . ......................................................................... 31 Diagram 3.01 Kegiatan

• – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan . ..................................... 58 Diagram 3.02 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan. ...................................... 59

  Diagram 3.03 Pola Alur Ruang Keseluruhan . ......................................................... 63 Diagram 3.04 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Olahraga . ....................................................... 64 Diagram 3.05 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pendukung . .................................................... 65 Diagram 3.06 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Seni . ............................................................... 65 Diagram 3.07 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola . ...................................................... 66 Diagram 3.08 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Servis . ............................................................ 66 Diagram 3.09 Visi dan Misi Kota Tangerang Selatan . .......................................... 120 Diagram 4.01 Kegiatan

• – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan. .................................... 151 Diagram 4.02 Kegiatan – Pola Kegiatan – Sifat Kegiatan . ................................... 152

  Diagram 4.03 Pola Alur Ruang Keseluruhan . ....................................................... 159 Diagram 4.04 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Olahraga . ..................................................... 160 Diagram 4.05 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pendukung . .................................................. 161 Diagram 4.06 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Seni ............................................................... 161 Diagram 4.07 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Pengelola . ................................................... 162 Diagram 4.08 Pola Ruang Fasilitas Servis . .......................................................... 162 Diagram 4.09 Skema Pemadaman Kebakaran ..................................................... 177

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.01 Perilaku Remaja . ................................................................................ 8Gambar 2.02 Fase Rentang Waktu Usia Remaja ..................................................... 8Gambar 2.03 Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Hiburan. .......................................................... 11Gambar 2.04 Sub. Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Olahraga ............................................... 11Gambar 2.05 Sub. Jenis Usaha Kegiatan Seni ....................................................... 12Gambar 2.06 Zona Pengembangan Kota ................................................................ 18Gambar 2.07 Peta Kota Tangerang Selatan ........................................................... 18Gambar 2.08 Pembagian Jenis Seni di Indonesia .................................................. 28Gambar 2.09 Peta Pembagian Administratif Kota Tangerang Selatan .................... 43Gambar 2.10 Peta Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan ................................................. 44Gambar 2.11 Fasilitas Gelanggang Remaja Bulungan ........................................... 44Gambar 2.12 Peta Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro ...................... 46Gambar 2.13 Pasar Festival Gelanggang Mahasiswa Soemantri Brojonegoro ....... 46Gambar 3.01 Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool ............................................................... 90Gambar 3.02 Aquamatic Hydramatic Pool dengan Sistem Hidrolik ........................ 90Gambar 3.03 Pompa Hidrolik .................................................................................. 91Gambar 3.04 Dongkrak ........................................................................................... 92Gambar 3.05 Panggung dengan Pompa Hidrolik .................................................... 92Gambar 3.06 Panggung dengan Dongkrak .............................................................. 92Gambar 3.07 Denah Teater/Cinema Room .............................................................. 92Gambar 3.08 Hukum Pascal Penerapan Pompa Hidrolik ........................................ 92Gambar 3.09 Dinding Putar ..................................................................................... 93Gambar 3.10 Mekanis Dinding Putar ...................................................................... 93Gambar 3.11 Pondasi Sumuran ............................................................................. 96Gambar 3.12 Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................................... 96Gambar 3.13 beton pracetak .................................................................................... 96Gambar 3.14 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 97Gambar 3.15 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 97Gambar 3.16 Partisi ................................................................................................ 97Gambar 3.17 Alumunium Composite Panel ............................................................ 97Gambar 3.18 Aquapanel ......................................................................................... 98Gambar 3.19 GFRC ................................................................................................ 98Gambar 3.20 Kaca Tempered ................................................................................. 98Gambar 3.21 Kaca Laminated ................................................................................ 98Gambar 3.22 Kaca Rayban ..................................................................................... 99Gambar 3.23 Double Glass ...................................................................................... 99Gambar 3.24 Kaca Bevel ........................................................................................ 99Gambar 3.25 Plafond Gypsum ................................................................................ 99Gambar 3.26 Plafond Akustik ................................................................................ 100Gambar 3.27 Plafond Fiber ................................................................................... 100Gambar 3.28 Plafond Bahan PVC ......................................................................... 100Gambar 3.29 Lantai Vinyl ...................................................................................... 100Gambar 3.30 Lantai Keramik ................................................................................ 101Gambar 3.31 Lantai Granit .................................................................................... 101Gambar 3.32 Lantai Beton Pracetak ..................................................................... 101Gambar 3.33 Struktur Cangkang .......................................................................... 101Gambar 3.34 Struktur Membran ............................................................................ 102Gambar 3.35 Struktur Space Frame ...................................................................... 102Gambar 3.36 Struktur Folded Plate ........................................................................ 102Gambar 3.37 Struktur Kabel ................................................................................... 103Gambar 3.38 Struktur Space Truss ....................................................................... 103Gambar 3.39 General/Lighting .............................................................................. 104Gambar 3.40 Task Lighting ................................................................................... 104Gambar 3.41 Accent Lighting ................................................................................ 104Gambar 3.42 Lampu Taman ................................................................................. 104Gambar 3.43 Lampu Kolam Renang ..................................................................... 105Gambar 3.44 AC Floor Standing ........................................................................... 105Gambar 3.45 Cross Ventilation ............................................................................. 106Gambar 3.46 Genset ............................................................................................. 106Gambar 3.47 Panel Surya ...................................................................................... 106Gambar 3.48 Skema Air Bersih ............................................................................. 107Gambar 3.49 Rain Harvesting ............................................................................... 107Gambar 3.50 Water Healing .................................................................................. 107Gambar 3.51 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................. 108Gambar 3.52 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................. 108Gambar 3.53 Bio Septic ........................................................................................ 108Gambar 3.54 Pengolahan Sampah ....................................................................... 109Gambar 3.55 Smoke Detector ............................................................................... 109Gambar 3.56 Spinkler ........................................................................................... 109

  Gambar 3.57Hidran ............................................................................................... 109

Gambar 3.58 APAR ............................................................................................... 110Gambar 3.59 Tangga Darurat ............................................................................... 110Gambar 3.60 CCTV ............................................................................................... 110Gambar 3.61 Access System ................................................................................ 110Gambar 3.62 Alarm ............................................................................................... 111Gambar 3.63 Lift ................................................................................................... 111Gambar 3.64 Ramp ............................................................................................... 111Gambar 3.65 Tangga ............................................................................................ 111Gambar 3.66 Sistem Hydramatic dengan Menggunakan Hidrolik ......................... 112

  Gambar 3.67Kolam Renang dengan Sistem Hydramatic ...................................... 112

Gambar 3.68 Sistem Panggung Hidrolik ............................................................... 113Gambar 3.69 Truck Hydraulic Stages Mobile ........................................................ 113Gambar 3.70 Water Filter ...................................................................................... 113Gambar 3.71 Sand Filter ....................................................................................... 113Gambar 3.72 Pompa Kolam Renang .................................................................... 114Gambar 3.73 Peta Lokasi ...................................................................................... 115Gambar 3.74 Zona Pengembangan Kota .............................................................. 119Gambar 3.75 Peta Kota Tangerang Selatan ......................................................... 119Gambar 3.76 Peta Edukasi Kecamatan Ciputat .................................................... 122Gambar 3.77 Batas Batas Kecamatan Ciputat ...................................................... 122Gambar 3.78 Peta RT/RW Kota Tangerang Selatan ............................................. 123Gambar 3.79 Peta Edukasi Kecamatan Sepong ................................................... 124Gambar 3.80 Batas Batas Kecamatan Serpong ................................................... 124Gambar 3.81 Site Terpilih ..................................................................................... 127Gambar 3.82 Batas Utara dekat dengan Swalayan Giant .................................... 128Gambar 3.83 Batas Selatan Lahan Kosong dan Perumahan Kepadatan Sedang 128Gambar 3.84 Site merupakan Lahan Kosong ....................................................... 128Gambar 3.85 Persimpangan Jalan ........................................................................ 128Gambar 3.86 Ruko di Jalan Bolesna Boulevard .................................................... 128Gambar 3.87 Saluran Drainase Kota .................................................................... 128Gambar 3.88 Menuju ke Perumahan Kepadatan Sedang ..................................... 129Gambar 3.89 Kondisi Site ..................................................................................... 129Gambar 3.90 Land Use Lingkungan Tapak ........................................................... 132Gambar 3.91 Kondisi Topografi dan Drainase Kota .............................................. 133Gambar 3.92 Aksebiltas Menuju Tapak ................................................................ 134Gambar 3.93 Potongan Segmen Jalan ................................................................. 134Gambar 3.94 Data Tapak ...................................................................................... 135Gambar 4.01 Pondasi Tiang Pancang .................................................................... 163Gambar 4.02 Beton Pracetak .................................................................................. 163Gambar 4.03 Beton Komposit ................................................................................. 164Gambar 4.04 Curtain Wall ....................................................................................... 164Gambar 4.05 Partisi ................................................................................................ 165Gambar 4.06 Aluminium Composite Panel ............................................................. 165Gambar 4.07 Aquapanel ......................................................................................... 165Gambar 4.08 GFRC ................................................................................................ 165Gambar 4.09 Kaca Tempered ................................................................................. 166Gambar 4.10 Kaca Laminated ................................................................................ 166Gambar 4.11 Kaca Rayban ..................................................................................... 166Gambar 4.12 Double Glass ..................................................................................... 166Gambar 4.13 Kaca Bevel ........................................................................................ 167Gambar 4.14 PIafon Gypsum .................................................................................. 167Gambar 4.15 Plafon Akustik .................................................................................... 167Gambar 4.16 PIafon Fiber ....................................................................................... 167Gambar 4.17 Plafon Bahan PVC ............................................................................ 168Gambar 4.18 Lantai Vinyl ........................................................................................ 168Gambar 4.19 Lantai Keramik .................................................................................. 168Gambar 4.20 Lantai Granit ...................................................................................... 168Gambar 4.21 Lantai Beton Pracetak ....................................................................... 169Gambar 4.22 Struktur Space Frame ....................................................................... 169Gambar 4.23 Struktur Space Truss ......................................................................... 169Gambar 4.24 General Lighting ................................................................................ 170Gambar 4.25 Tasks Lighting ................................................................................... 170Gambar 4.26 Accent Lighting .................................................................................. 171Gambar 4.27 Lampu Taman ................................................................................... 171Gambar 4.28 AC Floor Standing ............................................................................. 171Gambar 4.29 Cross Ventilation ............................................................................... 172Gambar 4.30 Genset ............................................................................................... 172Gambar 4.31 Panel Surya ....................................................................................... 172Gambar 4.32 Skema Air Bersih ............................................................................... 173Gambar 4.33 Rain Harvesting ................................................................................. 173Gambar 4.34 Water Healing .................................................................................... 174Gambar 4.35 Pengolahan Limbah Cair ................................................................... 175Gambar 4.36 Pengolahan Limbah Padat ................................................................ 175Gambar 4.37 Bio Septic .......................................................................................... 175Gambar 4.38 Pengolahan Sampah ......................................................................... 176Gambar 4.39 Skema Pengolahan Limbah .............................................................. 176Gambar 4.40 Smoke Detector ................................................................................. 176Gambar 4.41 Sprinkler ............................................................................................ 177Gambar 4.42 Hidran ................................................................................................ 177Gambar 4.43 Apar ................................................................................................... 177Gambar 4.44 Tangga Darurat ................................................................................. 177Gambar 4.45 Skema Pemadam Kebakaran ........................................................... 177Gambar 4.46 CCTV................................................................................................. 178Gambar 4.47 Access System .................................................................................. 178Gambar 4.48 Alarm ................................................................................................. 178Gambar 4.49 Lift ..................................................................................................... 178Gambar 4.50 Ramp ................................................................................................. 179Gambar 4.51 Tangga .............................................................................................. 179Gambar 5.01 Arsitektur Kontemporer...................................................................... 182Gambar 5.02 Interior Grand Louvre ........................................................................ 184Gambar 5.03 Eksterior Grand Louvre ..................................................................... 185Gambar 5.04 Eksterior Grand Louvre ..................................................................... 185Gambar 5.05 Perbandingan Modern dan Renaisance ............................................ 186Gambar 5.06 Geggenheim Bilbao ........................................................................... 186Gambar 5.07 Geggenheim Bilbao ........................................................................... 187Gambar 5.08 Pergerakan Angin ............................................................................. 195Gambar 5.09 Kelembaban dalam Gedung ............................................................. 197Gambar 5.10 Shanghai Tower Gensler ................................................................... 201Gambar 5.11 Interior dan Struktur Shanghai Tower Gensler .................................. 203Gambar 5.12 Orientasi Bangunan Menghadap Utara dan Selatan ......................... 204Gambar 5.13 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Ventilasi ................ 205Gambar 5.14 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Vegetasi ................ 205Gambar 5.15 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan Terhadap Lebar Ventilasi ...... 206Gambar 5.15 Jenis Ventilasi ................................................................................... 226Gambar 5.29 Pergerakan Angin di Dalam Ruangan ............................................... 208Gambar 5.30 Elemen Arsitektur Sebagi Pelindung Radiasi Matahari ..................... 208Gambar 5.31 Contoh Sun Shadding ....................................................................... 209Gambar 5.32 Pemanfaatan Vegetasi Sebagai Pelindung Radiasi Matahari ........... 210Gambar 5.33 Hubungan antara Vegetasi dengan Penghawaan Alami ................... 211Gambar 5.34 Penerapan Vegetasi dalam Bangunan .............................................. 212Gambar 5.35 Sungai Buatan di Lingkungan Bangunan .......................................... 212Gambar 5.36 Air Mancur Buatan dalam Ruangan .................................................. 213Gambar 5.37 Skema Radiasi Sinar Matahari Material Bangunan ........................... 213Gambar 5.38 Bangunan dengan Material Kayu dan Beton ..................................... 215Gambar 5.30 Penerapan Green Skin pada Kulit Bangunan .................................... 216Gambar 5.40 Penerapan Double Skin pada Kulit Bangunan .................................. 216Gambar 5.41 Secondary Skin yang Terpisah pada Bangunan Utama .................... 216Gambar 5.42 Sliding Wall ........................................................................................ 217Gambar 5.43 Detail Sliding Wall ............................................................................. 217Gambar 5.44 Hasil Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 218Gambar 5.45 Contoh Bangunan dengan Menerapkan Vertical Garden dan

  Fotovoltaik ............................................................................................................... 218