Specimen Code Honey Number of specimens ( cement weight)
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Abstract —Polymer modified mortar has been implemented to prolong lifetime of concrete and to increase its performance. Previous researches have proven that using Gracilaria Sp. will increase mortar and concrete compressive strength. Since sugar based admixture contributes great bonding mechanism, honey becomes alternative for compressive strength increase. This research wants to investigate the compressive strength of natural polymer modified mortar and concrete using honey and Gracilaria Sp. The compressive strength design is 20 MPa. There are two steps in the research, pre-experiment and main experiment. Results of pre-experiments used and developed to be implemented in main experiment. Main experiment found that the natural polymer modified mortar and concrete using honey and Gracilaria Sp. increase the compressive strength as 29.19% compare to the control specimens. Optimum composition for natural polymer modified mortar is using honey and Gracilaria Sp. as 0.03% and 0.1% of cement weight, while for natural polymer modified concrete is using honey and Gracilaria Sp. as 0.03% and 0.05% of cement weight. Keywords —Compressive strength, natural, polymer modified mortar, honey, Gracilaria Sp.
Gracilaria Sp . powder is used as natural polymer while honey is used as admixture. Mortar composition is of weight ratio of cement : sand : water = 1 : 1 : 0.6. Natural polymer modified mortar and concrete have compressive strength design of f‟ c = 20 MPa (for mortar cured by plain water). All specimens were tested for compressive strength at age 7, 14, and 28 days.
This research conducted by pre-experiment and main experiment stages. Results of pre-experiments have been used and developed to be implemented in main experiment. There are 21 Pre-experiment compositions shown by Table 1 and 2 while main by Figure 3 and 4. In pre-experiment stage, mortar cube specimens were produced while in main experiment both mortar and cylinder specimens were produced. Mortar cube specimen dimension is 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm while cylinder dimension is 10 mm in diameter and 20 in height.
ETHOD
II. M
.
strength of natural polymer modified mortar and concrete using honey and Gracilaria Sp.
Sp ., this research wants to investigate the compressive
According to the advantage of honey and Gracilaria
Hence, the addition of honey will also improve bonding mechanism in mortar and concrete mix, as proved by [1,2,3] .
Gracilaria Sp . is also polysaccharide which contains agarose and agaropectin that make strong gel [5].
Natural honey contains 80
Polymer modified mortar has been implemented to prolong lifetime of concrete and to increase its performance. Previous researches [1,2,3] have proven that using Gracilaria Sp. will increase mortar and concrete compressive strength. Since sugar based admixture contributes great bonding mechanism, honey becomes alternative for compressive strength increase.
NTRODUCTION
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia
1
1 , Ferdi Pangestu
1 , Andi Theo Haryanto
2 , Budi Santosa
, VG. Sri Rejeki
Rr. M. I. Retno Susilorini 1,*
Increasing Compressive Strengh of Natural Polymer Modified Mortar with Honey and
Gracilaria Sp
., 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
th
th
October 28
I. I
- –85% carbohydrate (mainly glucose and fructose), 15 –17% water, 0.1– 0.4% protein, 0.2% ash and minor quantities of amino acids, enzymes and vitamins [4]. It is sticky and viscous solutions. Honey contains great number of glucose and fructose that may improve bonding mechanism in mortar and concrete mix.
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October 28
KT-M-M0,03-G0,05
0.03
KT-B-K
(% cement (% cement
Specimen Code Honey Gracilaria Sp.
Composition of natural polymer modified concrete with honey and Gracilaria Sp. for main experiment (modified from [6])
1.5 Table 4.
0.03
1 KT-M-M0,03-G1,5
0.2 KT-M-M0,03-G1
5 Table 2. Composition of natural polymer modified
th
0.03
Composition of natural polymer modified mortar with honey and Gracilaria Sp. for main experiment (modified from [6])
Specimen Code Honey Gracilaria Sp.
(% cement weight) (% cement weight)
KT-M-K
0.03
0.05 KT-M-M0,03-G0,1
mortar with honey for pre-experiment (modified from [6]) Specimen Code Honey Number of specimens (% cement weight)
2 L
0.1 KT-M-M0,03-G0,2
B
th
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia Table 1.
Composition of natural polymer modified mortar with honey and Gracilaria Sp. for pre- experiment (modified from [6])
Specimen Code Honey Gracilaria Sp.
Number of specimens (% cement weight) (% cement weight)
A
0.03
0.1 @ 5 pcs
0.2 C
1 K
0.5 D
1 E
2 F
5 G
0.3
0.1 H
0.2 I
0.5 J
0.03
KT-B-M0,03-G0,05
0.5 Table 3.
0.1 KT-B-M0,03-G0,2
M
Pre-experiment found some optimum composition as shown by Table 3 and 4. Those compositions then implemented and developed in main experiment. Figure 1 describes compressive strength of natural polymer modified mortar at age 28 days, 5 compositions of main experiment which are consist of 5 specimens of each composition, while for natural polymer modified concrete shown by Figure 2. The results of main experiment found that KT-M-M0,03-G0,05 compressive strength has increased gradually from age 7 days to 28 days (Figure 3). It isn‟t happened to other compositions of natural polymer modified mortar. The phenomenon isn‟t happened to natural polymer modified concrete that has gradual increase of compressive strength (Figure 4). The specimen KT-B-M0,03-G1 has optimum increase of 29.19% (27.39 MPa) compared to control specimens (Table 5).
ISCUSSION
ESULTS AND D
1.5 III. R
0.03
1 KT-B-M0,03-G1,5
0.03
0.2 KT-B-M0,03-G1
0.03
0.03
0.3 U
0.05 KT-B-M0,03-G0,1
0.03
0.01 @ 5 pcs
N
0.02 O
0.03 P
0.04 Q
0.05 R
0.1 S
0.2 T
0.4 V th th
October 28 - 30 , 2015, Semarang, Indonesia This research has proven that addition of honey and Table 5.
Compressive strength increase of natural
Gracilaria Sp . increase „double‟ bonding mechanism, polymer modified concrete with honey and Gracilaria
from honey and from Gracilaria Sp. The bonding
Sp . for main experiment (modified from [6])
mechanism gets the mortar and concrete highly compacted and strong that will increase the compressive strength. Hence, it is proved that natural polymer
7-28 14-28 % ∆ % ∆ Specimen Code
modified mortar and concrete with honey and Gracilaria
days days Sp
. have better compressive strength compared to the one KT-B-K 17,15% 20,32% without honey and Gracilaria Sp.
KT-B-M0,03-G0,05 43,77% 11,66% KT-B-M0,03-G0,1 63,94% 31,96% KT-B-M0,03-G0,2 28,69% 17,04% KT-B-M0,03-G1 16,85% 4,9% KT-B-M0,03-G1,5 38,48% 11,79%
.2
45
1 ) .8
4 .2 .2
6 .4 .4 .4 Pa
40 5 .6 .6
5
3
4
4
36
4
2
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
2 .6
3 3 .2
3 M .8 34 .8
3 3 .4 .4
1 .5 .5 .5 1 .5 .5 (
35
32
32
3
9
9
9
3
9
9
3
3 .2
3
3 .8 th
2
2
2
2
2
7 6 .2 .2 2 .6
5
5
3
2
2
2
25 treng
22 S e
20 iv
15 ress p
10 m
5 Co e g era Av
Specimen Code
KT-M-K average 1 (MPa) 2 (MPa) 3 (MPa) 4 (MPa) 5 (MPa) Figure 1.
Compressive strength of natural polymer modified mortar with honey and Gracilaria Sp.
at 28 days for main experiment (modified from [6])
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35 Av
2
8
5 .4
2
2
3 .1
3
3
8 .0
2
8
5 .4
5
6 .7
6 .7
2
2
3 .1
3
3
8 .0
2
8
5 .4
2
2
5
2
Specimen Code
7 days 14 days 28 days
Specimen Code
Av er a g e Co m press iv e Str eng th ( M P a )
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
KT-B-K average 1 (MPa) 2 (MPa) 3 (MPa) 4 (MPa) 5 (MPa)
er a g e Co m press iv e Str eng th ( M P a )
2
30
25
20
15
10
5
3
8 .0
2
4
9 .9
9 .3
9 .3
October 28
2
5
1 .8
3
3
8 .0
2
8
2 .6
2
8
2 .6
8
5 .4
2 .6
2
8
2 .6
2
8
2 .6
2
at 28 days for main experiment (modified from [6])
Figure 3. Compressive strength of natural polymer modified mortar with honey and Gracilaria Sp. at 7, 14, and 28 days for main experiment (modified from [6]), 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
Figure 2. Compressive strength of natural polymer modified concrete with honey and Gracilaria Sp.
th
th
2
8
2
2
1
6 .1
2
5
6 .7
2
4
4 .8
2
5
6 .7
5
2
1 .8
3
8
5 .4
2
7
3 .5
5
6 .7
2
8
5 .4
40 KT-M-K KT-M-M0,03-G0,05 KT-M-M0,03-G0,1 KT-M-M0,03-G0,2 KT-M-M0,03-G1 KT-M-M0,03-G1,5
th
October 28
th
- 30
, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia
Figure 4. Compressive strength of natural polymer modified concrete with honey and Gracilaria Sp.
35 KT-B-K KT-B-M0,03-G0,05 KT-B-M0,03-G0,1 KT-B-M0,03-G0,2 KT-B-M0,03-G1 KT-B-M0,03-G1,5
C
“, Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry, 2(3), pp. 1-7, 2013. [5] Salamah, E., Erungan, AC., Retnowati, Y. “Pemanfaatan
7 days 14 days 28 days
Av er a g e Co m press iv e Str eng th ( M P a ) Specimen Code
30
25
20
15
10
5
Tambah Madu ”, Undergraduate Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Soegijapranata Catholic University.
Gracilaria Sp. dalam pembuatan permen jelly”, Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 9(1), pp. 38-46, 2006. [6] Haryanto, Andi Theo., and Pangestu, Ferdi. “Optimasi Campuran Mortar dan Beton dengan Polimer Alami Gracilaria Sp. dan Bahan
4th International Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete and High Performance Materials (Hipermat), Kassel, Germany, 2016. [4] Buba, Fatimah., Gidado, Abubakar, and Shugaba, Aliyu. “Analysis of Biochemical Composition of Honey Samples from North-East Nigeria
ONCLUDING
“ Promising Materials Innovation: Natural Polymer Modified Mortar with Gracilaria Sp. and Moringa oleifera ”, submitted for
[3] Susilorini, Rr. M.I. Retno., Kusumawardaningsih, Yuliarti., Rejeki, VG. Sri., Santosa, Budi., Fani, Jena A., and Talubun, Valentina.
at 7, 14, and 28 days for main experiment (modified from [6])
IV.EFERENCES [1] Susilorini, Rr. M.I. Retno., Hardjasaputra, H., Tudjono, S, Hapsari, G., Wahyu. S., Hadikusumo, G., and Sucipto , J. “The advantage of natural polymer modified mortar with seaweed: green construction material innovation for sustainable concrete ”, Procedia Engineering Vol. 95, pp. 419-425, 2014. [2] Susilorini, Rr. M.I. Retno., Rejeki, VG. Sri., Santosa, Budi., Susanto,
R
052/K6/KL/SP/Penelitian/2014), Directorate of Research and Community Service, Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education.
A CKNOWLEDGMENT This research is funded by Competency Grant 2014- 2016 (Second Year), Contract No.
Sp . as 0.03% and 0.05% of cement weight.
increased the compressive strength of natural polymer modified mortar and concrete of 29.19%. The performance of the natural polymer modified mortar and concrete was getting better because of „double‟ bonding mechanism that makes its compressive strength getting higher. Optimum composition for natural polymer modified mortar is using honey and Gracilaria Sp. as 0.03% and 0.1% of cement weight, while for natural polymer modified concrete is using honey and Gracilaria
EMARKS This research has found that honey and Gracilaria Sp.
R
Agus., and Daniel Kurniawan, Daniel. “Increasing the Performance of Natural Polymer Modified Mortar with Gracilaria Sp. and Moringa oleifera in Aggressive Environment for Green Materials”, Proceedings of ICCBL, pp. 1-7, 2015.