DARBY’S MOTIVATION TO REVEAL THE TRAVELER’S CRIME PRESENTED IN CHRIS MOONEY’S THE MISSING.

DARBY’S MOTIVATION TO REVEAL THE TRAVELER’S CRIME PRESENTED IN CHRIS MOONEY’S THE MISSING

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic

University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

Asmaul Khusnah Reg. Number A83211127

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2015

DARBY’S MOTIVATION TO REVEAL THE TRAVELER’S CRIME PRESENTED IN CHRIS MOONEY’S THE MISSING

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic

University Sunan Ampel Surabaya

The Advisor

Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum NIP. 197002051999032002

Asmaul Khusnah Reg. Number A83211127

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2015

Khusnah, Asmaul. 2015. Darby’s Motivation to Reveal the Traveler’s Crime

Presented in Chris Mooney’s The Missing. Thesis. English Department,

Faculty of Humanities, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Advisor : Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum

This thesis discusses about motivation of the main character, named

Darby, to reveal crime from people who called The Traveler in The Missing novel.

In this thesis, the researcher proposes two research questions. Those are; what Darby’s motivations to reveal the Traveler’s crime are and how she reveals the Traveler’s crime. In this thesis the researcher uses theory; New Criticism, character and characterization, and also theory of motivation by Abraham H. Maslow, because this thesis talks about the motivation and effort of Darby in reveals the Traveler’s crime. In this thesis the researcher uses a descriptive qualitative method and library based-one because the data collected are organized depends on the researcher and how the data were rendered and through the source of library. As the result of this research, the researcher depicts the characterization

of in novel The Missing, those are; kind, care, boring woman, coward, and brave.

Then, the researcher finds out the reasons that motivate Darby wants to reveal the Traveler’s crime, those are; because of the abduction of her friend, the death of her friend, the abduction of other women, Darby’s regret, and Darby’s anxiousness. After that, the researcher finds out effort or how does Darby reveal

the Traveler’s crime, that is; Darby becomes a police woman to reveal the

Traveler’s crime.

Key terms: Motivation

Khusnah, Asmaul. 2015. Motivasi Darby untuk Mengungkap Kejahatan the

Traveler Dipersembahkan dalam Novel The Missing Oleh Chris Mooney.

Skripsi. Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Dosen Pembimbing: Wahju Kusumajanti, M.Hum

Skripsi ini membahas tentang motivasi tokoh utama yang bernama Darby, untuk mengungkap kejahatan dari orang yang dijuluki pelancong (The Traveler)

dalam novel The Missing. Dalam skripsi ini, membahas dua pertanyaan yaitu

tentang apa saja motivasi Darby untuk mengungkap kejahatan the Traveler, dan bagaimana dia mengungkap kejahatan the Traveler. Dalam skripsi ini, peneliti menggunakan teori; New Criticism, karakter dan karakterisasi, dan juga teori motivasi dari Abraham H. Maslow, karena skripsi ini berbicara tentang motivasi dan upaya dari Darby dalam mengungkap kejahatan pelancong (The Traveler). Di skripsi ini, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan penelitian perpustakaan karena data dikumpulkan dan diolah serta disajikan berdasarkan pemikiran penulis dan juga menurut sumber dari perpustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini, peneliti menggambarkan tentang karakter Darby, yaitu baik, peduli, wanita yang membosankan, penakut dan Berani. Kemudian peneliti menemukan alasan-alasan yang memotivasi Darby ingin mengungkap kejahatan pelancong (The Traveler), diantaranya; karena penculikan temannya, kematian temannya, penculikan wanita-wanita lain, penyesalan Darby, dan kegelisahan Darby. Setelah itu, peneliti menemukan upaya atau bagaimana Darby mengungkap kejahatan pelancong (The Traveler), yaitu Darbi menjadi seorang polisi wanita untuk mengungkap kejahatan pelancong (The Traveler).

Kata Kunci: Motivasi

Inside Cover Page ... i

Inside Title Page ... i

Declaration Page ... ii

Motto ... iii

Dedication Page ... iv

Advisor’s Approval Page ... v

Examiner’s Approval Page ... vi

Acknowledgement... vii

Table of Contents ... viii

Abstract ... x

Abstrak ... xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study... 1

1.2 Statement of Problem ... 4

1.3 Objective of the Study ... 4

1.4 Significance of Study ... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation... .. 5

1.6 Method of Study ... 5

1.7 Definition of Key Terms ... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 9

2.1.1 New Criticism...9

2.1.2 Character.….………...11

2.1.3 Characterization ... 14

2.1.4 Psychoanalysis... ... 16

2.1.5.1The Id...18

2.1.5.2The Ego...20

2.1.5.3Superego...21

2.2 Review of Related Studies ... 23

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1 Darby’s Characterization...………...25

3.1.1 Kind and Care...………...25

3.1.2 Boring Woman...26

3.1.3 Coward...………...27

3.1.4 Brave ...27

3.2 Darby’s Motivation To Reveal The Traveler’s Crime...28

3.2.1 The Abduction of Her Friend ... 29

3.2.2 The Death of Her Friend………...………31

3.2.3 The Abduction of Other Women... 32

3.2.4 Darby’s Regret...34

3.2.5 Darby’s Anxiousness ... 36

3.3 Darby’s Becoming Police Woman To Reveal The Traveler’s Crime..38

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION ... 43

WORKS CITED... ... 45

APPENDIXES BIOGRAPHY... 47

SYNOPSIS... ... 49

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of Study

Literature is a social institution or social creation (Wellek and Warren, 89). It means that a literary work is usually influenced by the society. Some events or experiences that happen in the society can be put in a literary work. It is an expression that has value and message that is wanted to communicate to the readers. Through literature the readers can learn about good things from other experiences, it can also adopted to improve their life.

Literature is divided into some kinds, one of them is novel. Many people in the world are interested in reading a novel because it has value and sometimes the story is the author’s experience. Novel is long written story, it can suggest an expression liberally, present a story more detail (Nurgiyantoro, 11). The story in the novel will make the reader more vividly and more

completely aware of the world around them. Novel have some elements, such as; plot, theme, character, and setting (12). So, in this study the writer chooses novel as a material identification.

The writer is interested in one of the literary work by Chris Mooney, The Missing. The writer chooses Chris Mooney’s work The Missing because of some reasons. First, Chris Mooney is a brilliant writer and popular, he

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showed two combinations of mystery and suspense stories. Second, some of Mooney’s works are popular and nominated the Edgar Award Barry Award for category best novel, they are; Deviant Ways, World without End, and

Remembering Sarah. Then The Missing wins the international selection Book

of the Month Club with 22 million readers in 13 countries. The last, the writer has not found a study about this novel at least in Surabaya.

The writer is interested in studying Darby’s motivation to reveal the traveler’s crime, for some reasons. First, Darby is the main character which has the important part in this story. Second, Darby shows some motivations that makes she wants to reveal the Traveler’s crime. Third, Darby shows an effort that makes she is success to reveal the crime. The last, in the story Darby shows a friendship and a struggle of woman. She does anything to

reveal the Traveler’s crime, although she does not know the result of her

effort. She does not think that it can makes a trouble and risks her life. In this study the writer takes motivation as theme. Motivation is a power of movement from inside of a subject so that the subject can do some kinds of activities for her or his goal. In other words, motivation is a drive that stimulates an action to reach the goal (Sardiman, 73-4). It means that motivation is the power that kindles the fire to do things and to act, and it is an important ingredient to achieve the goals. People who do not have motivation will stop to get the goals. Motivation cannot be separated from human mind and behavior. Freud’s core contribution is his emphasis on the unconscious. He envisioned human behavior as motivated by psychic forces

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over which we have limited conscious control (Gillespie, 2010: 47). It means that motivation refers to a control process of human mind and behavior that organizing in a thought. So, it can make various reactions and actions in a person to get the goals.

Motivation not only can be found in real world, but also in literary

work. Such The Missing, the writer found motivation of character. Characters

as a part of intrinsic elements of literary works have important role, such as; to make a literary work looks like real to the reader. The character in

literature can be indicated through how the character’s action, mind, and behavior, in the conditions of the literary works. The characters can be divided into major characters and minor characters, depending on how important they are for the plot. Major characters usually have a lot to say and appear frequently throughout the play, while minor characters have less presence or appear only marginally (Dinurriyah, 114). Among the characters that appear in this novel, the writer is interested on the main character. The main character occupies the strategies position as a messenger of morality, and value that wants to say to the reader (Nurgiyantoro, 167). The main character in this novel is Darby Alexandra McCormick. In this novel Darby is included into major character because she is frequently appears and have a lot parts in this novel.

Based on the Darby’s story above, the writer is challenged to analyze

this novel through understanding Darby’s characterization in this novel, and

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people’s life that they have to try, never give up such to help other people or

friends. The Missing novel is chosen as the source of the data because this

story is a reflection of human attitude especially about motivation that cannot be separated from people’s goals and purposes.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. What are Darby’s motivations to reveal the Traveler’s crime? 2. How does Darby reveal the Traveler’s crime?

1.3Objective of the Study

Regarding to the problem statement, the objectives of the study are: 1. To find out Darby’s motivation to reveal the Traveler’s crime. 2. To find out Darby’s effort to reveal the Traveler’s crime.

1.4Significance of the Study

This study gives some contribution and information to other English Department, especially to the student in Islamic of University Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

There are some contribution in this study; first, this study can increase a knowledge about motivation that shown by Darby Alexandra McCormick. Second, this study can be example to other English Department if wants to research use this novel. Then this study can gives information, first this study introduce one of Mooney’s work to the reader. So, it gives the different ideas

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in Mooney’s work when doing research. Second, show that this novel is interesting to read. As evidence there are some people given their opinion to

this novel. The Boston Globe said that The Missing is very interesting and

represent strained situation since the first page. Michael Connelly, a bestselling author said that this story is a merger between strained situation and mysterious. This story is very interesting, make taut, and dramatic.

1.5Scope and Limitation of the Study

In conducting the analysis of Darby’s motivation to reveal the

traveler’s crime, this study focuses on the Darby’s motivation to reveal the Traveler’s crime. The first problems; what are Darby’s motivations to reveal

the Traveler’s crime. In this part explaining the reasons of Darby has

motivation to reveal The Traveler’s crime. The second problem; how Darby’s

efforts to reveal The Traveler’s crime. In this part explaining Darby’s way

reveals the Traveler’s crime. To get the answer of these problems the writer

will find the data in the novel, The Missing.

1.6Method of the Study

Methodology is science that learns about methods procedures, and technique of research (Harsono, 6). From the statement above, methodology has important role to analyze a literary work. This is a descriptive qualitative research and library based so, data source are taken from library in form of

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books, journal, article, magazine either hardcopy or online besides the main

source the novel The Missing.

In this study, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method. It is an effective means to achieve the goal in answering the statement of the problems. The data of the research are presented throughout words by using quotation to substance the presentation. Descriptive qualitative research is that the data collected are in the form of words or picture rather than number (Bogdan and Biklen, 2). Furthermore, qualitative research is a research procedure which produces descriptive data such as written, or words from the object (Bogdan and Taylor, 5).

So, in this study the main data is taken from the novel itself. By reading this novel, the writer knows what the story is talking about. All data that are found will be classified, analyzed and interpreted in order to make the results of the study become accurate. Meanwhile, the method which is used to write this thesis is intrinsic approach. It means that literary work intrinsically consists of elements; character, plot, setting, theme, point of view, and style. The writer will merely focus on the character exactly main character, Darby Alexandra McCormick.

Data collection:

 Data are taken from main and secondary sources; they are the words which

are related to the statement of the problem. Data analysis:

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The writer reads The Missing for many times to get more understanding

about content.

2. Find out Darby’s motivation

The writer tries to find the data which depict Darby’s motivation to reveal

the traveler’s crime. 3. Find out Darby’s efforts

After the writer finds the data on Darby’s motivation, the writer tries to

find the data how Darby reveals the traveler’s crime.

4. Match the data with the theory

In this step the writer tries to match the data on Darby’s motivation and

how she reveals the modus or crime with the theory.

5. Conclude

The last step is the writer manages to conclude the discussion to make the description clear.

1.7Definition of Key Terms

The researcher gives the definition of key terms in order to avoid

misinterpretation towards the terms which are used in this thesis, they are as follows:

 Motivation: A power of movement from inside of a subject so that the

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motivation is a drive that stimulates an action to reach the goal (Sardiman, 1986: 73-4)

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Theoretical Framework

Theory is very important for analyzing a literary work. This chapter consists of supporting theory applied in this study. Since this study is intended to

analyze the motivation of character,the theory of character is used and the

element of characterization is examined, because Darby is one of characters exactly the main character in this novel. The analysis description is based on the main character, particularly her speech and action in the novel. Before going to explain about character and chracterization theory, the new criticism theory is used first, because character and characterization are parts of new criticism. While

to analyze Darby’s motivation the writer chooses to use psychoanalysis theory by

Sigmund Freud, those are; id, ego and Superego.

2.1.1 New Criticism

There are some names of New Criticism they are; practical criticism, close reading, text explication or most called formalism. Regardless of the name, all these approaches involve the careful analysis of a literary text’s craft. Ignoring any cultural or historical context, any biographical

background on an author, any political or philosophical implications, and any moral or psychological dynamics, the formalist is more interested in

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simply taking a text apart to see how it works as an electronics work might take a radio apart to see how the radio’s components operate together without any particular interest in the music or news broadcast (Gillespie 175). In literature, the focus of this detailed examination is to consider the

way the components of language, a text’s formal language, give form and

meaning to the completed literary text.

The fromalist strategy for answering that question is a careful scanning of the text, a detailed analysis of ten called close reading. In close reading, one examines a piece of literature closely, seeking to understand its structure, looking for patterns that shape the work and connect its parts to the whole, and searching for uses of language that contribute to the effect (172). Formalists, or new critics, are particularly keen on isolating parts of a text for an intensive look under the assumption that any small passage can be a microcosm that contains or signals the meaning of the whole. They tend to pick a few sections of a poem or story, assess the writer’s moves, and then try to relate those sections and to the whole work to determine what principle or theme tied them together. They look at individual word, puzzling out menaings and word histories, considering allusions to other literature, and trying to discern patterns and

relationships. They consider text’s form, whether it’s a tightly structured

rhyming sonnet or an unstructured work of free verse, a chronological realistic novel or a complex modernist fiction that jumps around in time. They look at specific literary devices such as; paradox, irony, ambiguity,

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and tension, look at figurative language such as; images, symbols, metaphors, and language structures such as; syntax, diction, rhyme and rhythm. The way all these formal elements work together are considered to constitute a text’s meaning. (176)

New critics or formalist tend to believe that a best interpretation of each text can be discovered or there is generally a single right way to interprete each text. But this reading must reflect the text and be suuported with evidence from the text and only the text (173). They insistence on textual support is helpful reinforcement for good writing habits, and requires that interpretations be validated with specific examples from the text. So, new criticism or formalism are theory to analyze all the rich devices that writers employ. New criticism or formalism are encourage the reader to be more careful and thoughtful because craft and content of literary work are not easily separable. For example reading a novel, it must be careful and thoughtful to understand the meaning and the content of the novel, such understanding intrinsic elements of the novel. Correlating with that, this study takes one of intrinsic elements of novel that are character and characterization.

2.1.2 Character

Character is the one of important element of literature. In other words, the best way in studying the fiction is through the character. It is because the character is foundation of good fiction.

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Character in literature generally and in fiction especially, is an extended verbal presentation of human being, the inner self that

determines though, speech, and behavior. Through dialogue, action, and commentary, author captures some of the interaction of character and circumstance. In the fiction, the interactions, the action, speeches, and observations are all arranged to give details the readers need for conclusion about character (Robert and Jacobs, 134-135).

A character then is the representation of human being of real world with inner self (Robert and Jacobs, 143). It means that character in literary work is visible image of human which has good or bad nature. As in human being life, character in fiction also has character trait, for instance: Character maybe aggressive or fear full, confident, or self-doubting, adventurous or timed, careful and so on. Thus the characters in story almost true life. Therefore, a successful author re-creates the actual life throughout that particular character itself which is able to make the reader to see a presentation of real life (Robert and Jacobs, 135).

So, a story cannot exist without character, an author success in presenting his idea often depends on his ability to create characters that are both interesting and functional (Hurtik and Yarbe, 37). The ability of the author to create different characters will make the story more “live” and interesting. The good and bad characters, the hero and devil, the stupid and smart reflect the real life. Although the source of the idea to make a story not always the reality but also imagination too.

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In some studies, the character is used as the object of the analysis. It gives the evidence that a character is part that interesting to do

analyzing. Most of characters that are used in a study are the main

character. Burhan Nurgiyantoro said that the characters of one story more interesting than discussing on other elements (164). The character is the actor of the story. The characters are the people that are appeared in a narrative or dramatic work, and they are interpreted by the reader to have certain moral qualities and also have the specific preference that is expressed by the utterance and also that is carried out by the act (165). It can be simply said that character are people who are included in the story and then the character like the people in the real world that are character act, speak, think, also face some problems, etc. Beside that the character can be characterized as good, bad, kind, generous and any other types of human quality. In reading a novel, usually we can find some characters that present inside. But, each the characters have the different role. Main character is a figure which have important part and usually appear a lot in a story, so it dominate most of the story. Then peripheral character is a figure which has unimportant part and appears in several times

(Nurgiyantoro, 176). The main character always related to another characters in a story, it is determine the plot development in whole. Nurgiyantoro said, the main character always present as performer or subject that have incident or conflict, the main character is an important part that influences the plot development (177). So, this study focuses on

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the main character as the object of the analysis, the main character named Darby Alexandra McCormick.

2.1.3 Characterization

Characterization is clear image about someone that appears in a story (Nurgiyantoro, 165). Characterization is a representation of persons

in narrative and dramatic works. The term ”characterization” have more

meaning than “character”, the meaning of characterization is including who is the character, how the nature, how the placement and the depictory in a story so clearly can give image to the reader. Characterization also suggets in a technic realization and the development of character in a story (166). Characterization is part, element that has relation with other

elements to make totality in a story. It is the important element in fiction and has big role in determine totality and value of art in fiction (172).

Furthermore, according to Henry E. Jacobs and Edgar V. Roberts, in An Understanding to Reading and Writing of Literature, character in literature generally is an extended verbal presentation of human being, the inner self that determines thought, speech, and behavior. Through

dialogue, action and commentary, authors capture some of the interaction of the character and circumstances (143). According to them, there are also four fundamentals methods of characterization, it means how

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of character by the author). The second is the representation of the character in action of speech (without explicit comment by the author). The third is what other characters said about the character. The last is the thought of the character (Jacobs and Roberts, 145).

Characterization also plays important role in defining the habit of the character and enable the reader to dwell with the story.

Characterization also helps the reader to comprehend the character of the person in the text. Characterization can be divided in two parts, complex or round character and simple or flat character. Round character means that he or she has a complex character. His character seems changing periodically. It can be said that the character unpredictable (Nurgiyantoro, 183). While flat character means that he or she has predictable character and his or her character is not changing as the time being (Nurgiyantoro 181). The flat character can do anything action, but all of the action will back to the true characterization which has formulated. So, easily the reader can understand the characterization and actions of flar character (182).

Commonly in characterizing the characters, there are two ways that an author usually used. Those are direct and indirect characterization. Using direct manner means that the author describes directly about the character. The author attributes the qualities of characters in direct description. Otherwise, in indirect manner of characterization the author does not only tell the characters but also showing them to the readers

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through how the character looks, what the character does, what the character says, what the character think, and how the character affects other characters (Baldick 37). From the five things the reader can

understand and get a clear description of the character’s personality. Then many characterizations that can be found in the literary work, for example; kind, helpful, bad, honest, lie, coward, brave and so on. These

characterizations can strengthen a character in literary work. So the reader can determine some characters in literary work that they reads. So, in this study determining of characterization is needed to explaining or describing image of the main character.

2.1.4 Psychoanalysis

Because of this study is analyzing about characterization in literary work, so this study use psychoanalysis theory. The writer chooses this theory because this theory contains ideas which are related to the

conscious and unconscious of mind that influence the development of the character’s defense mechanism. The theory of psychoanalysis was

introduced by famous Austrian-physician Sigmund Freud. According to Freud, psychoanalysis is a term that he used to describe a specific method of investigating the mental processes (Freud, 15). Psychoanalysis divides human’s mind into two categories which are: the conscious mind include everything that we aware of. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think rationally. Then the unconscious mind include a

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reservoir of feelings, thought, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness.

In this study the writer uses psychoanalysis theory, which is a system of psychology originated by physician Sigmund Freud in 1890s. Psychoanalysis is not only a theory of human mind, but a practice for curing those who are considered mentally ill or disturbed. Such cures, for Freud, are not achieved just by explaining to the patient what is wrong: with him, revealing to him unconscious motivation (Eagleton, 109). From this point of view, the writer sees the significance of psychoanalysis theory to discuss a literary work.

In the development of literature such novel, the concepts of

psychoanalysis also have huge impact. Many novels, such as Romeo and

Juliet, Confessions of Shopaholic, and Perfume are used as the object of psychology’s researches. In some studies, psychological problem of the main character is used to analyze, such as id, ego and superego, defense mechanism, anxieties, and split personalities problem as the main problem in the novel. With this, artists guide the reader attention into the

psychological development of the character in the novel.

Study about the history of psychoanalysis theory, we can learn that Freud develop his theory from hearing his patient’s dreams and fantasy. While nowadays we can also read a lot of novels are adding psychology problems in their plot and theme. So we can say that novel and

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is possible to analyze novels and other literature works using psychoanalysis.

2.1.5 Human’s Psyche (id, ego and superego)

Freud divide human’s psyche into three levels that are id, ego and

superego. The Id is totally unconscious (Heller 91). The ego seeks to

control these primal instincts by seeking realistic ways to express them. The superego censures and tries to block instincts that are unacceptable by society (Heller 90). The ego and superego are conscious (Guerin 156).

2.1.5.1The Id

The id strives for immediate satisfaction (Heller 90). The

satisfaction it can be caused by many factors, example: Satisfaction after get the surprise, satisfaction after kills the people, etc. The id is the reservoir of libido, the primary source of all psychic energy (Guerin 156), if left totally unchecked will lead to amorous activities and if fully checked will lead to damming up of libido. Both are dangerous, to the society and to the individual

respectively.

The sole function of the id is to provide for the immediate discharge of quantities of excitation (energy or tension) that are released in the organism by internal or external stimulation. Freud said that the function of the id fulfills the primordial or initial

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principle of life is called pleasure principle. The aim of it is to rid

the person tension or to reduce the amount of tension to a low level and to keep it as constant as possible. Tension is experienced as pain or discomfort, while relief from tension is experienced as pleasure or satisfaction. The aim of pleasure principle is to avoid pain and finding pleasure (Hall 22). The id is the unrealistic one which has a deep relationship with pleasure principle by satisfying human’s basic desire. Idis the source of people’s sexuality and aggressiveness. Selfish, sexual, destructive and barbaric emotions

are stored in id (Heller 90). So, Id is governed by the pleasure

principle, with an overriding goal maximizing pleasure and eliminating tensions and conflicts associated with achieving pleasure.

The characterizing way of processing information or thinking by id

is referred to by Freud as primary process. The primary process is

primarily emotional, irrational, illogical “and filled with fantasies and preoccupations of sex, aggression, selfishness and envy” (Barlow and Durand 25). This dark and inaccessible part of personality functionally belongs to the unconscious mind. All of the people certain have the primary process in their self. Usually appear unconsciously.

The id is the primary source of psychic energy and the seat of the instinct. The id is not governed by laws of reason or logic,

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and it does not possess values, ethics, or morality. It is driven by one consideration only, to obtain satisfaction for instinctual needs

in accordance with the pleasure principle. Freud speak that id is the

true psychic reality. The id does not think. It only whishes or act (Hall 26). The id has relation with the act of the people. The people do something without consider the bad or good result that will be gotten. So, the id of people is controlled by their unconscious.

2.1.5.2 The Ego

The ego is the part of personality that acts as an

intermediary between the id and the external world. It operates in accordance with the social realities, social norms, etiquette, rules, and customs (Hall, 41). The function of the ego is to involve in one’s decision-making and problem solving processes that are rational and realistic. In other words, the ego works based on realistic and logical principle. And it has to consider the superego as moral standards to decide the next action in satisfying the id.

The ego is partly conscious. It is the only part of mind which has contact with external world and it is capable in decision

– making (Heller 91). It is the executive of the personality,

controlling and governing the id and the superego and maintaining commerce with the external world in the interest of the total

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pleasure principle that governs the id (Hall 28). The reality principle is served by a process which Freud called the secondary process. It is developed after and overlays the primary process of the id. The secondary process consist of discovering or producing reality by means of a plan of action that has been developed through thought and reason (cognition). The secondary process is nothing more or less than what is ordinarily called problem solving or think (29). In Ego, there is secondary process in the people. The people can do the something with the true thought and it has the strong reason.

All the action that is carried out by the people has the risk

separately such as murder. In the law country, kill one person is not allow for all of the people moreover kill more than one people. In this era the people does the murder will be able to get the

punishment of the country. So, all of the action that will be carried out by the people must be thought first before they do that.

2.1.5.3 The Superego

The last part of human personality is the superego which

resides in both unconsciousness and consciousness. It is a person’s

moral code that incorporates social standards about what represents right or wrong. It also consists of ego-ideal (what is good) and the

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conscience (what is bad and its consequences) (Hall, 46).

Therefore, the function of superego is to help the ego in giving id’s

demands. The example is a situation of a student in his or her exam test. During the test, his or her teacher leaves the classroom. This student feel tempted to cheat but he may be refrained due to his own morality. If he or she cheats, he or she will feel guilty as the result of his dishonest action.

The superego is the moral or judicial branch of personality. It represents the ideal rather than the real, and it strives for

perfection rather than for reality or pleasure. The superego is the person’s moral code. The superego is made up to two subsystems, the ego ideal and the conscience. The ego-ideal corresponds to the child’s conceptions of what his parents consider to be morally

good. Conscience, on the other hand, corresponds to the child’s

conceptions of what his parents feel is morally bad and these are established through experiences with punishment. If since the child, the people will have a good moral so the character will be brought until whenever. But if the character is influenced by the environment so, the character will be able to change. All of that depend on their experience and their environment also. Ego-ideal and conscience are opposite sides of the same moral coin (Hall 31).

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2.2 Review of Related Studies

Even though there is no thesis analyzing The Missing novel, but there are

some criticism and writings have been made concerning the similar theme. Here, there are some studies which have similarities that analyze about motivation.

The first writing is a thesis written by Yunita Saputri, entitled Anne’s

Motivation in Phillips Gregory’s Other Boleyn Girls. in this thesis, the author stated that social injustice experienced by Anne, motivated her to be a better girl.

According to the author, Anne’s motivation is caused by the lack fullfilment of

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which is love and belonging needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs.

The second writing is a thesis too, which is written by Helmy Mahendra,

entitled Mitsuo’s Motivation in Keeping Farming in Distant Thunder by Wahei Tatematsu. This thesis is about how Matsuo struggle to keep farming although industrial technology can replace the function of a farmer. Although he keeps

farming, he can fullfil all his needs that related to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Those two stated that a motivation accurs because of human’s needs.

The third writing is also a thesis written by Irfan Wahyu Efendi, entitled Anger in Debby’s characterization in Mukherjee’s Leave It to Me. This study use psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud.

Related to the research above, this research also analyze the motivation of

character in this novel, and find out the character’s way or effort to get the

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CHAPTER III

Darby’s Motivation To Reveal The Traveler’s Crime

The Missing is a novel that is written by Chris Mooney, it tells about the women missing. They are victims abduction of men who called the Traveler. The Traveler are two of men, named Richard Fowler and Daniel Boyle. They are called the Traveler because they abduct women from different state. They move from one place to other place to determine and leering their victims before they abducts their victims. They have the different methods when they wants to abduct these women, so it makes difficult the police to stop and catch the Traveler.

The victims are women which is not more than 25 years old. These women become the victims because related to the Traveler’s experience when they were child. Richard is the first cousin of Daniel, they are victims of broken home, and

their mother 23 years old. Janice Fowler is Richard’s mother get depression when

Richard was born and his father dead when get accident. Janice tries to drown Richard and kill her self. While Cassandra is Daniel’s mother who do not have husband when she pregnants Daniel. Both of their mother died when they were child. Their grandmother tries to care and keep them, but she dead. So, Richard and Daniel has directionary of their grandmother’s riches. They do not have enough love of parents or family, becomes a Traveler is because their bad experience when they were child.

In this novel Mooney presents a crime and solution, this solution appear with the struggle of woman, named Darby Alexandra McCormick. She is the main

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character, she has important role in this novel that she is the key or people who

knows about this abduction. She has some motivation to reveal the Traveler’s

crime. So, in this chapter will discuss about motivation why Darby wants to reveal the Traveler’s crime and her efforts. Before go to discuss the reasons of

motivation and effforts, the first discussion is introduce the character and characterization, exactly the main character because this study focuses on the main character.

3.1 Darby’s Characterization

In this novel there are some characters, but the writer only focuses on the main character, named Darby Alexandra McCormick. Darby has some characterization they are; kind, care, boring woman, coward, and brave.

3.1.1 Kind and Care

The first Darby’s characterization is kind and care, it can be seen

when she tries to make happy her friend Melanie, when she give surprise bitrhday party to Melanie with Stacey in the route 86, the biking and hiking trails along Salmon Brook Pond.

Darby held up her can. “Happy birthday, Mel. And congratulations”. Stacey drained half her beer. Darby took a long sip. Melanie sniffed her beer first. She always smelled anything new before tasting it. (10)

Another quotation can be seen when she wants to find and save Melanie who abducted by the Traveler.

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“I want to help Mel”. Darby said. The way she figured it, if she helped Melanie, then all would be forgiven, and people would stop staring at her as though what had happened to Mel and Stacey were her fault. (32)

From the quotations above shows that Darby is kind and care person. She love her friend, so she wants that her friend can save.

3.1.2 Boring Woman

The second Darby’s characterization is boring woman. When she

was in senior high school she is a boring woman. She doesn’t like to be

a popular student, knows and make a friend with a popular student, such Stacey knows some popular students in school.

Only she didn’t want to be interesting. She wanted to go back to being her old boring self, back to being a normal teenager looking foward to a long summer of reading books and pool parties, and hanging out with Mel down at the Cape. (32)

In that quotation shows that she is a boring woman. She wants that her life come back, becomes normal. Since Melanie was missing and Stacey is dead, her friends in her school watch herself differently. And then she has same hobby with her mother that is reading. She likes reading than talk with her friends in school.

One thing Darby had in common with her mother was a love of

reading. Sometimes on Saturday morning she’d join Sheila on her

yard sale trips. And while her mother was busy haggling over the price of another stupid kickknack, Darby would be on the prowl for cheapo paperbacks. (22)

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3.1.3 Coward

The third Darby’s characterization is coward when she was a

young girl, such when Darby ignore Melanie’s call when the Traveler

hurt her. Darby chooses to stay and do not come out from her shelter, because she is only young girl who does not have power to fight the man who have big body and gun in his hand.

Darby fought the urge to cry. She needed to say strong. Brave. She shucked in air and then broke down in tears, hating herself for it, for being small and scared and weak. (29)

The quotation shows that she is coward, she is fearful. So it makes she cannot save Melanie, then it makes Melanie was missing.

3.1.4 Brave

The last Darby’s characterization is brave. Actually Darby has braveness since she tries to call police when she watch the Traveler torture Samantha Kent in the woods. It happens when they celebrate birthday party of Melanie. Both of her friends Melanie and Stacey, Darby more brave than them.

“Right. As usual, Stacey, the only person you care about is yourself”. Darby ripped Stacey’s hand away and dialed 911.

The operator came on the line: “nine-one-one, what is the nature of

your emergency?” Darby gave the operator her name and described what happened. Stacey ran behind on of the Dumpsters. Mel stared down at the hill where they used to go sledding as kids, her fingers touching each of the charms on her bracelet. (17)

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The quotation shows that Darby has braveness in herself. Then she is brave can be seen when she fight back the Traveler when he wants to

hurt and abducts herself. She take father’s hammer and swung it to the

Traveler, so the Traveler cried out pains. And Darby swung another things to the Traveler, but failed. Another the braveness of Darby when she become a police, she fight back with stab a dry bone that she found in Traveler’s basement area, and shoot the gun to disable the Traveler. He came through holding the gun. Darby gripped the bone withboth hands and sunk the jagged end deep into Evan’s stomach. Beneath the mask a scream of pain, and Darby tore the bone free and stabbed him again in the stomach. Evan tried to bring the gun around and she stabbed him again. He fired the gun next to her ear, the sound deafening, and when he grabbed her hair she brought up the bone’s jagged end and sunk it deep into Evan’s throat. (346)

From her braveness she can reveal the Traveler’s crime and can

stop the next the Traveler’s victims.

3.2 Darby’s motivationto reveal the Traveler’s crime

There are things that motivate Darby to reveal the Traveler’s crime, they

are; because of the abduction of her friend (Melanie Cruz), the death of her friend (Stacey Stephens), the abduction of other women, and because of Darby’s regret, and Darby’s anxiousness.

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3.2.1 The abduction of her friend

The first Darby’s motivation to reveal the Traveler’s crime is because of the abduction of her friend named Melanie Cruz. This

incident happens in Darby’s house, in that time she is alone at her home. The Traveler come in her home, and he tries to abducts her but she tries to fight back. She is very fear, because it happens at midnight and the situation is quiet. She need helps, she wants to scream out to find helps but she thinks that no everyone can hear her voice. Because of that she tries to escape from the Traveler with her way.

... Darby found her father’s hammer, the big Stanley he had used around the house. The hand was on the doorknob. Darby swung the hammer and hit him on the arm. (26)

This is the first way to prevent the Traveler hurt herself, she use some things that found around her to fight back the Traveler. From the Darby’s defense the Traveler thinks that Darby has braveness so, it is difficult to abduct her. From that the Traveler abduct Melanie to make Darby giving up herself. Darby hear Melanie’s voice which is call her name. The Traveler hold Melanie’s body and stick a knife on Melanie’s cheek. The Traveler require Melanie ask to Darby and require her to come out from her shelter.

“He just wants to talks”, Melanie said. “If you come downstairs, he promised to let me go”. Darby didn’t move. “I want to go home”, Melanie siad. “I want to see my mother”. Darby couldn’t turn the doorknob. Mel was sobbing. “Please. He has a knife”. Drops of blood, bright, and red, ran down the wall near the kitchen. Darby froze. Melanie screamed, “He is cutting me!”. (27)

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From the quotation above shows that she is scared, she needs helps. She does not have power to helps her friend. After the Traveler cut Melanie’s cheek, Darby still stay on her shelter. She tries to come out from her house and find out help to her next door. When the Traveler feel that darby wants to call the police, he brings Melanie go

away from Darby’s house. So, when the police arrive at Darby’s house,

Melanie is missing.

All the lights in her house were on. Through the downstairs windows Darby could see part of the foyer, the blood on the pale yellow walls. Stacey’s blood. Stacey was still lying inside the house because she was dead. Police were taking pictures of her body. Stacey Stephens was dead and Melanie was missing. (28)

Melanie is her best friend, they grown up on the same street. So, it

is the first reason of Darby’s motivation why she wants to reveal the

Traveler’s crime. From this experience Darby has desire to find out and save Melanie, also reveal the crime. Darby’s desire is the Id, her desire is appear from herself. Freud said that the function of the id fulfills the

primordial or initial principle of life is called pleasure principle. The

aim of it is to rid the person tension or to reduce the amount of tension to a low level and to keep it as constant as possible. Tension is

experienced as pain or discomfort, while relief from tension is

experienced as pleasure or satisfaction. The aim of pleasure principle is to avoid pain and finding pleasure (Hall 22). The id is the unrealistic one which has a deep relationship with pleasure principle by satisfying human’s basic desire.

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3.2.2The death of her friend

The second motivation is because of the death of her friend Stacey Stephens. Darby has two friends they are Melanie Cruz and Stacey Stephens, eventhough they are friends Darby close more with Melanie. Darby has the different thought with Stacey, such when Stacey prevent her to call police when they watch an abduction of woman in the woods that makes them become the Traveler’s victims, and such when Stacey canceled their plan to watch movie because Stacey get call from her boy friend. Darby consider that Stacey always put herself first. It is make Darby close more with Melanie.

The death of Stacey happened in Darby’s house when Melanie tortured and abducted by the Traveler. In the novel there is no chronological of how Stacey killed by the Traveler. Darby knows Stacey is died when she tries to come out from her house to find help.

Darby took another step, her eyes on the wall, and saw Stacey Stephens lying on the kitchen floor, blood spurting between the fingers clutched against her throat. (28)

That quotation describe the condition of Stacey. There is injury ih Stacey’s throat that makes blood stream in floor. In that incident she do not know that Stacey also become the Traveler’s victim, because Darby only hear Melanie’s voice. When she wants to save and come out from her house suddenly she knows that Stacey is died in her kitchen. It

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makes Darby more scared. The Traveler has abduct Melanie and kill Stacey.

The second Darby’s desire appear from the death of Stacey, it is

also part of the Id.Her desire to reveal the crime will be strong more

because this incident. Melanie and Stacey are her best friends, since Melanie was missing and Stacey was dead she is alone, she is missing both of her friends.

3.2.3 The abduction of other women

The third motivation is because of the women missing after the missing of Melanie and the death of Stacey. After Melanie is missing there are three women that are missing in her town. Darby reads a newspaper when she breakfast in a restaurant with her uncle and aunt. In the newspaper shows some pictures of women that missing, they are Tara Hardy and Samantha Kent, they are the first women that missing or abducted by the Traveler before Melanie. After Melanie three women are missing, the first is Pamela Driscol, 23 years, from Charlestown, she takes night school to get her nursing degree and las seen when she walks in a campus parking. The second is Lucinda Billingham, 21 years, from Lynn, she is a single mother who go to buy cigarrettes and never seen again. The third is Debbie Kessler, 21 years, a Boston secretary who go to drinks one night after work and never back to home.

Three more women had disappeared back home. Darby had found out two weeks ago when uncle Ron and aunt Barb had taken her to

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breakfast. While they were waiting for a table, Darby had spotted a

copy of the Boston Globe lying on the table. The phrase “Summer

of Fear” was stretched across the top page above the smilling faces of five women and a teenage girl in braches. (35)

The quotation shows that some women are missing after Melanie. After long time appear the new victims of the Traveler she is Carol Cranmore. The Traveler abduct Carol in her house and also kill her boy friend, Tony. From the case of Carol’s abduction guide to open this abduction of women. Such one of the Traveler’s victims is Jane Doe that Darby saves when try to find Carol. Then Jane mention the name, Terry, she call Darby “Terry”. It makes increase of the abduction women list. Terry Mastraangelo, 22 years, from New Brunswick, Connecticut. She go to buy ice cream, and never back to home. She has a child named Jimmy that live with her grandmother.

“Let me explain. The woman under the porch, Jane Doe, she thought I was this woman named Terry Mastrangelo. I had missing persons run the name through their computer. Terry Mastrangelo is twenty two, lived in New Brunswick, Connecticut. Her roommate

said Terry went out for ice cream. She didn’t take her car, she

walked. She never made it home”. (72-73)

The quotation shows that the Traveler’s victims is increase.

Another the Traveler’s victims are Rachel Swanson, Jennifer

Montgomery, and Alicia Cross. Alicia is the first victims of the Traveler (Daniel Boyle) whe he was sixteen years. So, this crime had been happened a long time ago, but it can be opened when the case of

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reveal the Traveler’s crime. Her desire to reveal the crime also come

from some women that are missing. So she want to find out the truth.

3.2.4 Darby’s Regret

The fourth Darby’s motivation is because of Darby’s regret, it makes that she needs safety. Since Melanie is missing and Stacey is died she is regret and feel guilty of herself because she cannot help her friend who tortured by the Traveler. In that time Melanie scream out and call Darby, but she do not want come out from her shelter because she is fearful. Moreover, newspapers and TV talks about herself and the vicious stabbing of Stacey Stephens and the missing of Melanie Cruz, who has abducted by the Traveler in Darby’s house. It makes she has regret more on herself.

Her house become a crime scene, so the police move Darby and her mother to the motel on route 1 in Saugus. Some of agent FBI, detectives, and police give some questions and shows some pictures of robber to Darby. She is only people who knows the Traveler, but she cannot give the answer because in that incident the Traveler wear mask, so Darby cannot see his face.

“I want to help Mel”. Darby said. The way she figured it, if she helped Melanie, then all would be forgiven, and people would stop staring at her as though what had happened to Mel and Stacey were her fault. (32)

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In that quotation shows that Darby has regret on herself. She wants to people hear that she needs help. She wants Melanie can back and save, so they can met and play together. She love her friends such when they study at school, pool party and spent time with them in The Cape (Cafe). Her friends in her school treating her differently, talking to her in cautious tones like speak to someone afflicted with some rare, terminal disease. She wants to the people around her stop to think that this incident happened bacause of her fault. But she cannot prevent the people’s statement to herself.

She is not only regret and feel guilty to Melanie and Stacey, but also to their mother. She cannot give explanation to their mother about this

incident that happened to their daughters. She is afraid that Melanie’

mother and Stacey’s mother will be hate her. When Melanie’s mother met with her in front of the store near her motel. She feels the full weight of Melanie’s mother that makes she wants to duck and run. She doesn’t have enough braveness to apologize directly to Melanie’s mother. So she try to apologize by phone.

I’m sorry for everything that’s happened. I’m sorry for Mel and I’m sorry for what you’re going through. I’m sorry I’m sorry I’m sorry. (33)

In that quotation shows that Darby has regret and feel guilty. She wants to say these words but her words stop in her mouth, she cannot say it eventhough she has try hard. Her words stuck in her throat, like hot

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stones. Moreover when Melanie’s mother answer her call, it is makes Darby feels that this incident really happened because of her fault.

This regret appear from herself, so she has desire to reveal the Traveler’s crime.

3.2.5 Darby’s Anxiousness

The last Darby’s motivation isDarby’s anxiousness. Since Melanie was missing she cannot be quiet. All of her mind focuses to think

Melanie’s condition, what the Traveler do to Melanie.

Darby kept digging. As she breathed in the cool, salty air blowing off the water, she kept thinking of Melanie, wondering about the kind of air she was breathing right now, if she was still breathing at all. (34)

In that quotation shows that Darby diiquieting of Melanie’s condition. She thinks Melanie everyday, she tries to tell to Evan Manning (one of FBI agent) to decrease her anxiousness. Darby shove Evan to find and save Melanie, her best friend.

“Tell me what happened!”. Darby was shocked by the sudden anger in her voice. She tried to pull it back, but the fear was already humming through her limbs, telling her to go ahead and scream it out. “I don’t want to wait anymore. I’m sick of waiting.” The quotation shows that she does not have patience anymore. She said that to Evan Manning. She wants to find who are the Traveler and find Melanie. She considers that agent FBI and police cannot do anything. They are ask to Darby to be patient and calm, but Darby cannot only for

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waiting information about Melanie. So, it makes she does not have patience.

Darby wanted to keep talking, wanted to find a way to use her words to build a bridge that would take special agent Manning back through time and show him how Melanie was more than chunks of newspirit and two-minute sound bites. She wanted to keep talking until Melanie’s name carried the same weight in the air as it did in her heart. (37)

The quotation shows that Darby has anxiousness on herself, she shows that she loves Melanie. She wants that Melanie can save and back

to home. The last Darby’s desire come from bad feelings which stay in

herself, those are; regret and anxiousness. Because of her regret and anxiousness makes she think to do something. Such in the explanation before that all of the people certain have the primary process in their self. The id is the primary source of psychic energy and the seat of the instinct.

From the discussion above there are five reasons of Darby’s motivation to

reveal the Traveler’s crime, those are; the abduction of her friend (Melanie), the death of her friend (Stacey), the abduction of other woman, Darby’s regret, and Darby’s anxiousness. Her desire that wants to fullfil are find and save her friend, Melanie Cruz, catch and reveal the identity of the Traveler, and stop

the crime. So, there is no women becomes the next of the Traveler’s victims,

the last is redeem or pay her regret and anxiousness to Melanie and Stacey and to their mother.

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The five reasons above makes Darby has desire to reveal the truth, reveal

the Traveler’s crime. Desire is part of Id, The id is the unrealistic one which

has a deep relationship with pleasure principle by satisfying human’s basic desire.

3.3 Darby’s Becoming A Police Woman To Reveal The Traveler’s Crime

Since the motivation why Darby wants to reveal the Traveler’s crime is

determined. To be a police is Darby’s way or effortto reveal the Traveler’s

crime. It means that to fullfil her needs Darby grown up and become a crime

scene investigator for the Boston Police Department. The first Darby’s case

when she becomes a police are Carol Cranmore is missing and the homicide of Tony, he is Carol’s boy friend. As a police, Darby doing investigate and identification in Carol’s house, because this incident is happened in Carol’s house. She found a discarded matchbook then she require her friend (an official of laboratory) to check and identify in laboratory.

“And does this fine gentleman have a name?”. Darby checked the kitchen floor, glad too see it was amde of linoleum. It was an ideal surface for picking up footwear impressions. (45)

It is shows that the first activity of Darby as a police. Darby becomes a police because of some reasons. The first is because she wants to find Melanie who abducted by the Traveler. The second is because she

Darby unrealize that Daniel Boyle has watch her when she doing investigate. Daniel makes a plans and tell to Richard (Evan Manning) about Darby. Daniel Boyle stands across the street, watching Darby

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walking fast down Coolidge. He has placed the listening devices in strategic locations where no one should be looking. Then darby can found

the listening devices inside Carol’s house. Slowly this case will be finish,

it is makes Darby more work hard to found Melanie.

FBI agent, SAWT, Detectives and police include Darby, knows the Traveler is Daniel Boyle. One day SWAT officers encircle Boyle’s house, he aware that his crime will finish if they catch him.

“There’s no escape for you Daniel”. He wouldn’t answer the door. They’d go away if he didn’t answer the door. He would wait until they left and then he would drive away. (307)

In other place, Darby watching the front of Boyle’s house through

periscope. When she hear the voice of guns, she dove to the ground, she scramble to her feet. A shotgun blast hit atree close by, her legs froze, she tripp and fell. Darby tries to back up and hear Boyle running her away. Then Darby came face to face with Boyle, directly she handgun up but Boyle swung the butt of the shotgun hard against the side of her head. Darby fall in down and Boyle crushing her fingers against the pistol and pressed the hot muzzle of the shotgun against her throat. But Banville (A detective) come and shot Boyle in the chest but boyle still shotgun come and Banville shot him again, and he dead.

Darby’s effort is not only stop after the death of Daniel Boyle, she

have to investigate some things, such check Boyle’s house. She thinks it

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Seeing the flashlight beams crisscrossing through the woods brought back the pierching memory of watching the police search for Melanie. She had convinced herself Mel going to be okay. Mel never came home. (318)

When Darby reveals The Traveler is Daniel Boyle, she tells to Evan Manning about the incident that makes the death of Boyle. In that time she remember Carol Cranmore, she ask to Evan to help her to find

Carol in Boyle’s house. But in there Darby shock that Evan Manning is

one of the Traveler. So she fight back Evan who tries to kill herself. When she tries to run and go from this house she met Carol. She tries to make Carol be quiet, Darby tries to fight back the Traveler, uses some things that they found in around, they makes Evan draw blood.

“Carol,” Darby whispered. “Carol, down here”. Carol Cranmore crouching down on the floor, stared at Darby through the hole. “I’m police,” darby said. “Are you hurt?”. Carol shook her head, her eyes wide and terrified. “I think there’s enough room for you to wiggle through,” Darby said . “Come on, I’ll help you”. (339) Darby Huddle up Carol’s Shoulders, and prohibit Carol’s to cry or scream to prevent the Traveler come to them. Whereas Evan still looking to them, when they met Evan swung the axe and Carol scream out. Darby slammed the door shut and throws her weight against it. This door doesn’t have a push-button lock like some others. Carol hepls her try to hold the

door in place. Evan bring gun, then shoot it in wood that near of Darby’s

head. When Evan wants to shhot her again, Darby turns and sees Evan raising the gun. She swung the door shut as he fired, blowing a a chunk out of the door. Then Darby turns Carol to the hole, Carol wiggles her way

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through the jagged opening and got to stuck. She ask to Darby that she doesn’t leave her, the gun’s voice hear again and darby order her to run.

When Evan dangels her axe up, Darby shoot him and makes a hole trough his stomach. Evan slump back against the wall, she kicks the axe away. He tries to get up, but he fall and keep trying until his arms went limp. She ask to him about Melanie, and Evan order Darby to ask about Melanie on her mother. Then Darby shock with his word, then he died. But she try to come out from this place to save Carol.

“It’s over Carol. Everything’s okay. Here, take my hand. That’s it, hold on tight, I’m going to pull you through... No, don’t look at the floor, look at me. I’m going to take you out of here, but I want to you to close your eyes until I tell you to open them, okay? Good. Tha’s it, keep them closed. Only a few more steps. Tha’s it. Don’t look down. We’re almost there. We’re almost home.” (347)

The quotation shows that she is success to reveal the Traveler’s

crime with become a police woman which is strong, brave and has

sacrifice. In her first experience that happened to Melanie she is only think about herself, whereas after she bocome a police she do not think herself again. She choose to save Carol first before herself. Darby takes her to the hospital to treatment. Then Carol backs in her house and met her mother.

Darby’s thought cannot stop only after she knows the Traveler, but she should go to her mother to ask about Melanie. She is shock and unbelieve that her mother has relation with the crime.

“Boyle kept Mel in the basement of his house and tortured her over a period of days, maybe even weeks.” Darby shoved her hands deep in her coat pockets. “That’s all I know” (379)

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Her mother knows about Melanie, she tells to Darby that Boyle keep her in his basement of his house and torture her over a period of days, even weeks. Darby grabb her mother’s hand, hear the apologize of her mother. She tells the reason why she do not tells to Darby that she knows

all of the incident that happened to Melanie. She doesn’t want Boyle and

Manning hurt Darby, because her mother love her so much. Darby have fullfiled her motivation or needs, except find and save Melanie, because

she was dead and Darby cannot find where Boyle bury Melanie’s body. In

her thought, if there is a place as heaven, she hope that she can find Melanie and tell her how sorry she is.

To be a police woman is Ego, Darby do something to reveal the

Traveler’s crime. The ego is governed by reality principle instead of pleasure principle that governs the id (Hall 28). The reality principle is served by a process which Freud called the secondary process. It is developed after and overlays the primary process of the id. The secondary process consist of discovering or producing reality by means of a plan of action that has been developed through thought and reason (cognition). The secondary process is nothing more or less than what is ordinarily called problem solving or think (29). In Ego, there is secondary process in the people. The people can do the something with the true thought and it

has the strong reason. Then Darby can reveal and stop the Traveler’s crime

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CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

After the discussion, the writer can conclude that Darby’s motivation to reveal the traveler’s crime; the first is the abduction of her friend Melanie Cruz, the second is the death of her friend Stacey Stephens, the third is the abduction of other women, the fourth is Darby’s regret and the last is Darby’s anxiousness. The motivation or needs that Darby wants to fullfil are; find and save her friend, Melanie Cruz, catch and reveal the identity of the Traveler, and stop the crime. So, there is no women becomes the next victims. Then redeem or pay her regret and anxiousness to Melanie and Stacey, also to their mother.

To be able to reveal the crime she determined to be a police woman. She changes herself from coward to be brave, to be a strong woman, then she fight the Traveler and finally she wins. The crime have already end, the Traveler was dead. After the crime can stop, there is no the abduction that happens to women, the situation becomes safe, quiet, and comfortable for people around.

Also the writer can conclude Darby’s characterization they are; kind, care, boring woman, coward and brave. Darby represents nature through her motivation

spirit and her effort to reveal the Traveler’s crime. The strong motivation push her

K h u s n a h | 44

From the discussion, we can take some lessons; the first is motivation is needed for everyone to achieve the goal. The second is never give up to get what we wants, even we do not know the result, at least we have do the best to get the goals.

K h u s n a h | 45

WORK CITED

Abrams, M.H. Harpham, & Geoffrey Galt. 2009. A Glossary Of Literary Terms;

Ninth Edition. New York: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Abrams, M. H. 2005. A Glossary Of Literary Terms, Seventh Edition. United

States of America: Library of Congress Catalog.

Bogdan, Robert and Biklen. 1982. Qualitative Research For education.

Massachusetts: Allyn and Boscon, Inc.

Bogdan, Robert and Taylor, Staven J. 1975. Introduction to Qualitative Research.

USA: John Willey and Sons.

Dinurriyah, Itsna S. 2013. The Basics of Drama. IAIN SA Pres: Surabaya.

Feldman, Robert S. 2009. Essentials of Understanding Psychology. New York:

Mc Graw-Hill. Print.

Gillespie, Tim. 2010. Doing Literary Criticism. Stenhouse Publishers.

Hall, C. S. 1979. A Primer of Freudian Psychology. NAL Penguin Inc: New

York, Print.

Harsono, Siswo. 2006. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Semarang: Deaparamtha.

Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 2000. MLA Handbook For Writer of Research Paper,

Fifth Edition.

Hurtik, Email and Yarbe, Robert. 1971. An Introduction to Short Fiction and

Criticism. USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Jacobs, Henry E and Edgar V Roberts. 2005. An Understanding to Reading and

K h u s n a h | 46

Maslow, Abraham H. 1954. Motivation And Personality. Harper and Row,

Publishers, Inc.

Maslow, Abraham H. 1943. Psychological Review: A Theory Of Human

Motivation. 50, 370-396.

Mooney, Chris. 2007. The Missing. New York: Atria Books.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 2010. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah mada

University Press.

Roberts, Edgar, V. 1999. Writing About Literature. New jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Roberts, Edgar, V. and Jacobs, Henry E. 1986. Literature: An Introduction to

Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Rukminto, Isbandi. 1994. PSIKOLOGI. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo.

Sardiman, A.M. 1986. Interaksi dan Motivasi Belajar-Mengajar. Rajawali:

Jakarta.

Tyson, Lois. 2006. Critical Theory Today; A User-Friendly Guide Second

Edition. New York: Routledge.

Wellek, Rene & Warren, Austin. 1942. Theory of Literature. New York:

K h u s n a h | 41

through the jagged opening and got to stuck. She ask to Darby that she doesn’t leave her, the gun’s voice hear again and darby order her to run.

When Evan dangels her axe up, Darby shoot him and makes a hole

trough his stomach. Evan slump back against the wall, she kicks the axe

away. He tries to get up, but he fall and keep trying until his arms went

limp. She ask to him about Melanie, and Evan order Darby to ask about

Melanie on her mother. Then Darby shock with his word, then he died. But

she try to come out from this place to save Carol.

“It’s over Carol. Everything’s okay. Here, take my hand. That’s it, hold on tight, I’m going to pull you through... No, don’t look at the floor, look at me. I’m going to take you out of here, but I want to you to close your eyes until I tell you to open them, okay? Good. Tha’s it, keep them closed. Only a few more steps. Tha’s it. Don’t look down. We’re almost there. We’re almost home.” (347)

The quotation shows that she is success to reveal the Traveler’s

crime with become a police woman which is strong, brave and has

sacrifice. In her first experience that happened to Melanie she is only think

about herself, whereas after she bocome a police she do not think herself

again. She choose to save Carol first before herself. Darby takes her to the

hospital to treatment. Then Carol backs in her house and met her mother. Darby’s thought cannot stop only after she knows the Traveler, but she should go to her mother to ask about Melanie. She is shock and

unbelieve that her mother has relation with the crime.

“Boyle kept Mel in the basement of his house and tortured her over a period of days, maybe even weeks.” Darby shoved her hands

K h u s n a h | 42

Her mother knows about Melanie, she tells to Darby that Boyle

keep her in his basement of his house and torture her over a period of days, even weeks. Darby grabb her mother’s hand, hear the apologize of her mother. She tells the reason why she do not tells to Darby that she knows

all of the incident that happened to Melanie. She doesn’t want Boyle and

Manning hurt Darby, because her mother love her so much. Darby have

fullfiled her motivation or needs, except find and save Melanie, because

she was dead and Darby cannot find where Boyle bury Melanie’s body. In

her thought, if there is a place as heaven, she hope that she can find

Melanie and tell her how sorry she is.

To be a police woman is Ego, Darby do something to reveal the

Traveler’s crime. The ego is governed by reality principle instead of pleasure principle that governs the id (Hall 28). The reality principle is

served by a process which Freud called the secondary process. It is

developed after and overlays the primary process of the id. The secondary

process consist of discovering or producing reality by means of a plan of

action that has been developed through thought and reason (cognition).

The secondary process is nothing more or less than what is ordinarily

called problem solving or think (29). In Ego, there is secondary process in

the people. The people can do the something with the true thought and it

has the strong reason. Then Darby can reveal and stop the Traveler’s crime

K h u s n a h | 43

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

After the discussion, the writer can conclude that Darby’s motivation to reveal the traveler’s crime; the first is the abduction of her friend Melanie Cruz, the second is the death of her friend Stacey Stephens, the third is the abduction of other women, the fourth is Darby’s regret and the last is Darby’s anxiousness. The motivation or needs that Darby wants to fullfil are; find and save her friend,

Melanie Cruz, catch and reveal the identity of the Traveler, and stop the crime.

So, there is no women becomes the next victims. Then redeem or pay her regret

and anxiousness to Melanie and Stacey, also to their mother.

To be able to reveal the crime she determined to be a police woman. She

changes herself from coward to be brave, to be a strong woman, then she fight the

Traveler and finally she wins. The crime have already end, the Traveler was dead.

After the crime can stop, there is no the abduction that happens to women, the

situation becomes safe, quiet, and comfortable for people around.

Also the writer can conclude Darby’s characterization they are; kind, care, boring woman, coward and brave. Darby represents nature through her motivation

spirit and her effort to reveal the Traveler’s crime. The strong motivation push her

K h u s n a h | 44

From the discussion, we can take some lessons; the first is motivation is

needed for everyone to achieve the goal. The second is never give up to get what

we wants, even we do not know the result, at least we have do the best to get the

K h u s n a h | 45

WORK CITED

Abrams, M.H. Harpham, & Geoffrey Galt. 2009. A Glossary Of Literary Terms;

Ninth Edition. New York: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Abrams, M. H. 2005. A Glossary Of Literary Terms, Seventh Edition. United

States of America: Library of Congress Catalog.

Bogdan, Robert and Biklen. 1982. Qualitative Research For education.

Massachusetts: Allyn and Boscon, Inc.

Bogdan, Robert and Taylor, Staven J. 1975. Introduction to Qualitative Research.

USA: John Willey and Sons.

Dinurriyah, Itsna S. 2013. The Basics of Drama. IAIN SA Pres: Surabaya.

Feldman, Robert S. 2009. Essentials of Understanding Psychology. New York:

Mc Graw-Hill. Print.

Gillespie, Tim. 2010. Doing Literary Criticism. Stenhouse Publishers.

Hall, C. S. 1979. A Primer of Freudian Psychology. NAL Penguin Inc: New

York, Print.

Harsono, Siswo. 2006. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Semarang: Deaparamtha.

Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 2000. MLA Handbook For Writer of Research Paper,

Fifth Edition.

Hurtik, Email and Yarbe, Robert. 1971. An Introduction to Short Fiction and

Criticism. USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Jacobs, Henry E and Edgar V Roberts. 2005. An Understanding to Reading and

K h u s n a h | 46

Maslow, Abraham H. 1954. Motivation And Personality. Harper and Row,

Publishers, Inc.

Maslow, Abraham H. 1943. Psychological Review: A Theory Of Human

Motivation. 50, 370-396.

Mooney, Chris. 2007. The Missing. New York: Atria Books.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 2010. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah mada

University Press.

Roberts, Edgar, V. 1999. Writing About Literature. New jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Roberts, Edgar, V. and Jacobs, Henry E. 1986. Literature: An Introduction to

Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Rukminto, Isbandi. 1994. PSIKOLOGI. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo.

Sardiman, A.M. 1986. Interaksi dan Motivasi Belajar-Mengajar. Rajawali:

Jakarta.

Tyson, Lois. 2006. Critical Theory Today; A User-Friendly Guide Second

Edition. New York: Routledge.

Wellek, Rene & Warren, Austin. 1942. Theory of Literature. New York: