Miranti Anggun Sari 22010112130164 Lap.KTI Bab7
38
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Lestari Weny, Wardhani Yurika Fauzia. Stigma dan Penanganan Penderita
Gangguan Jiwa Berat yang Dipasung. 2014;157–66.
2.
Jarut Yulia Maria, Fatimawali, Wiyono Weny. Tinjauan Penggunaan
Antipsikotik Pada Pengobatan Skizofrenia Di Rumah Sakit Prof . Dr . V . L
Ratumbuysang Manado Periode Januari 2013-Maret 2013. Jurnal Ilmiah
Farmasi. 2013;2(03):54–7.
3.
Sadock Benjamin, Sadock Virgnia. Kaplan & Sadock’s Concise Textbook
of Clinical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2013.
4.
Johnson D a W. Historical perspective on antipsychotic long-acting
injections. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(SUPPL. 52):7–13.
5.
Kane John M, Garcia-Ribera Carlos. Clinical guideline recommendations for
antipsychotic long-acting injections. British Journal of Psychiatry.
2009;195(SUPPL. 52):63–8.
6.
Wistedt Borje. How does the psychiatric patient feel about depot treatment,
compulsion or help. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. Taylor &
Francis;
1995
Jan
1;49(sup35):41–6.
Available
from:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039489509099719
7.
Marwick Katie FM, Taylor Mark, Walker Simon W. Antipsychotics and
abnormal
liver
neuropharmacology
function
[Internet].
tests:
systematic
2012;35(5):244–53.
review.
Clinical
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22986798
8.
Bošković Marija, Grabnar Iztok, Terzič Tea, Kores Plesničar Blanka, Vovk
Tomaz. Oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients treated with long-acting
haloperidol decanoate. Psychiatry Research. 2013;210(3):761–8.
9.
Sunarno. The Gluttathion Role As Antioxidant in Inhibition of Neurode
generative Disease and Brain Aging. Semarang; 2009;1(2):185–210.
10.
Bo M, Vovk T, Kores B, Grabnar I. Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia.
2011;301–12.
11.
Murray RK, Granner DK. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 27 th. Jakarta:
EGC; 2009.
39
12.
Yu L, Zhao M, Yang B, Zhao Q, Jiang Y. Phenolics from hull of Garcinia
mangostana fruit and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry.
2007;104(1):176–81.
13.
Mansour NAA, Aulani’am, Kusnadi J. Garciniamangostana Linn . Pericarp
Extract Reduced Malondialdehyde ( MDA ) Level in Cigarette Smoke
Exposed Rats. 2013;2(9):1–5.
14.
Tjahjani S, Widowati W, Khiong K, Suhendra A, Tjokropranoto R.
Antioxidant Properties of Garcinia Mangostana L (Mangosteen) Rind.
Procedia Chemistry [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd.; 2014 [cited 2015 Dec
23];13(2009):198–203.
Available
from:
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1876619614002162
15.
Gumulec J, Raudenska M, Hlavna M, Stracina T, Sztalmachova M,
Tanhauserova V, et al. Determination of oxidative stress and activities of
antioxidant enzymes in guinea pigs treated with haloperidol. Experimental
and therapeutic medicine [Internet]. 2013;5(2):479–84. Available from:
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3570091&tool=
pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
16.
Meltzer H. Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium. In: Katzung BG, editor. Basic
and clinical Pharmacology. 12 th. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill; 2012. p.
501–20.
17.
Brissos S, Veguilla MR, Taylor D, Balanzá-martinez V. Therapeutic
Advances in Psychopharmacology The role of long-acting injectable
antipsychotics in schizophrenia : a critical appraisal. 2014;
18.
Olivares JM, Pinal B, Cinos C. Comparison of long-acting antipsychotic
injection and oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatry
[Internet].
2011;1(3):275–89.
Available
from:
http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=expor
t&id=L364450714\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2217/npy.11.24
19.
William Z. Potter LEH. Drugs that act in the central nervous system. In:
Bertram G. Katzung, editor. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. 12 th. United
States of America: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012.
40
20.
Henryk-gutt R. The Effect of Flufenazin dekanoat ( Modecater ) on Hepatic
Microsomal Enzyme Activity in Man. Br J clin Pharmac. 1974;1:1973–4.
21.
Jung H-A, Su B-N, Keller WJ, Mehta RG, Kinghorn AD. Antioxidant
Xanthones from the Pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen).
Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 2006;54:2077–82.
22.
Weecharangsan W, Opanasopit P, Sukma M, Ngawhirunpat T, Sotanaphun
U, Siripong P. Antioxidative and neuroprotective activities of extracts from
the fruit hull of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). Medical Principles
and Practice. 2006;15(4):281–7.
23.
Azzahra H, Pujiastuti P. Potensi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis ( Garcinia
mangostana L .) Buatan Pabrik Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas
Mikrobisidal Sel Neutrofil yang Dipapar Streptococcus mutans ( The
Potency of Manufactured Mangosteen Peel Extract ( Garcin- ia mangostana
L .) Towa. 2014;2(1):161–6.
24.
Jujun P, Pootakham K, Pongpaibul Y, Duangrat C, Tharavichitkul P. Acute
and repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of Garcinia mangostana Linn
rind extract. J Nat Sci. 2008;7:206–199.
25.
Chen C-H. Activation and Detoxification Enzymes. New York: Springer;
2012.
26.
Ho E, Karimi Galougahi K, Liu C-C, Bhindi R, Figtree GA. Biological
markers of oxidative stress: Applications to cardiovascular research and
practice. Redox Biology [Internet]. Elsevier; 2013 [cited 2016 Jan
12];1(1):483–91.
Available
from:
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221323171300058X
27.
Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress
and antioxidant defense. The World Allergy Organization journal [Internet].
2012;5(1):9–19. Available from: http://www.waojournal.org/content/5/1/9
28.
Jarut YM, Fatimawali, Wiyono WI. Tinjauan Penggunaan Antipsikotik Pada
Pengobatan Skizofrenia Di Rumah Sakit Prof . Dr . V . L . Jurnal Ilmiah
Farmasi. 2013;2(03):54–7.
29.
Weydert CJ, Cullen JJ. Measurement of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase,
41
and Glutathione Peroxidase in Cultured Cells and Tissue. Nat Protoc.
2010;5(1):51–66.
30.
N.a. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of
Traditional
Organization
Medicine
World
(WHO)
Health
[Internet].
Organization.
2000;1:1–71.
World
Health
Available
from:
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:General+
Guidelines+for+Methodologies+on+Research+and+Evaluation+of+Traditi
onal+Medicine+World+Health+Organization#0
31.
Kuribara H, Tadokoro S. Study of Accummulation of Fluphenazine
Enanthate and Flufenazin dekanoat, Long Acting Neuropletic Drugs, After
Repeated Administrarions By Means of Their Inhibitory Effects on the
Discriminated Avoidance Response in Rats. The Journal of Toxicological
Sciences. 1978;4:87–9.
32.
Iwase T, Tajima A, Sugimoto S, Okuda K, Hironaka I, Kamata Y, et al. A
simple assay for measuring catalase activity: a visual approach. Scientific
reports
[Internet].
2013;3(January
2016):3081.
Available
from:
http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131030/srep03081/full/srep03081.html
33.
Cadet JL, Perumal AS. Chronic treatment with prolixin causes oxidative
stress in rat brain. Biological Psychiatry. 1990;28:738–40.
34.
Henryk-gutt R. The Effect of Fluphanzine decanoat (Modecater) on Hepatic
Microsomal Enzyme Activity in Man. Br J clin Pharmac. 1974;1:277–8.
35.
Cichoz-Lach H, Michalak A. Oxidative stress as a crucial factor in liver
diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2014;20(25):8082–91.
36.
Pedraza-Chaverri J, C??rdenas-Rodr??guez N, Orozco-Ibarra M, P??rezRojas JM. Medicinal properties of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Food
and Chemical Toxicology [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2008;46(10):3227–39.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.07.024
37.
Azzahra H, Pujiastuti P, Gigi FK, Jember U, Periodonsia B, Gigi FK, et al.
Potensi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis ( Garcinia mangostana L .) Buatan
Pabrik Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Mikrobisidal Sel Neutrofil yang
Dipapar Streptococcus mutans ( The Potency of Manufactured Mangosteen
42
Peel Extract ( Garcin- ia mangostana L .) Towa. 2014;2(1):161–6.
38.
Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK, Jainu M, Gopan CS. Ameliorating effects of
Garcinia mangostana Linn pericarp extract on hepatic antioxidants in Diethyl
nitrosamine ( DEN ) induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ( HCC ).
2015;49(4).
39.
Pal PB, Sinha K, Sil PC. Mangiferin, a Natural Xanthone, Protects Murine
Liver in Pb(II) Induced Hepatic Damage and Cell Death via MAP Kinase,
NF-??B and Mitochondria Dependent Pathways. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(2):1–
17.
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Dash DK, Yeligar VC, Nayak SS, Ghosh T, Rajalingam R, Sengupta P, et al.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of {Ichnocarpus}
frutescens ({Linn}.) {R}.{Br}. on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in
rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2007;6(3):755–
65. Available from: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjpr/article/view/14656
41.
Dewi MR. Pengaruh Hepatoprotektor Madu Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis
Sel Hepar Mencit ( Mus musculus ) Yang Diberi Perlakuan Natrium. 2010;
42.
Oyejide OJOO, Olushola L. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of
extract of Carmellia sinensis (Black tea) in rats. Journal of Biotechnology.
2005;4(December):1432–8.
43.
Lohr JB, Kuczenski R, Niculescu AB. Oxidative mechanisms and tardive
dyskinesia. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(1):47–62.
43
Lampiran 1 Penghitungan dosis flufenazin dekanoat
Setiap 1 ampul berisi 25 mg Flufenazin dekanoat, dilarutkan menggunakan
sesame oil 10 ml yang telah disterilkan. Penghitungan dosis menggunakan
rumus:
� �
�
� �� ��
�
�
�
�
Penghitungan dosis Flufenazin dekanoat 2 mg/kgBB
Berat tikus (kg)
�
�….
�
Dosis 2 mg/kgBB
0,19
0,152
0,20
0,16
0,21
0,168
0,22
0,176
0,23
0,184
0,24
0,192
0,25
0,2
0,26
0,208
0,27
0,216
0,28
0,224
0,29
0,232
0,30
0,240
�
�
44
Lampiran 2 Penghitungan dosis ekstrak kulit manggis
Setiap 1 kaplet berisi 500 mg ekstrak kulit manggis, dilarutkan menggunakan
etanol 1 %.
Dosis yang digunakan adalah 600 mg/kgBB.13
Berat badan tikus ± 200 mg = 0,2 kg
Dosis ekstrak kulit manggis untuk tikus adalah adalah
� �
=
=
�
× ,
���
�
�
�
���
��
����
×
�
�
Dilarutkan dengan 30 ml etanol 1% disesuaikan dengan kapasitas minum tikus.
45
Lampiran 3 Ethical clearance
46
Lampiran 4 Surat Ijin Penelitian
47
Lampiran 5 Analisis data
Descriptives
kelompok
Statistic
Mean
2,5500
Lower Bound
1,6085
Upper Bound
3,4915
Std. Error
,33912
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
2,5556
Median
2,5000
Variance
k0
,575
Std. Deviation
,75829
Minimum
1,50
Maximum
3,50
Range
2,00
Interquartile Range
1,38
Skewness
-,226
,913
Kurtosis
-,139
2,000
5,8200
,76560
Mean
Lower Bound
3,6943
Upper Bound
7,9457
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
katalase
5% Trimmed Mean
5,8222
Median
5,2500
Variance
p1
2,931
Std. Deviation
1,71194
Minimum
3,60
Maximum
8,00
Range
4,40
Interquartile Range
3,08
Skewness
,057
,913
-,865
2,000
8,3000
1,54394
Kurtosis
Mean
Lower Bound
4,0133
Upper Bound
12,5867
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
p2
5% Trimmed Mean
8,2083
Median
8,0000
Variance
11,919
48
Std. Deviation
3,45235
Minimum
5,00
Maximum
13,25
Range
8,25
Interquartile Range
6,50
Skewness
,626
,913
-,839
2,000
10,1700
,89521
Kurtosis
Mean
Lower Bound
7,6845
Upper Bound
12,6555
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
10,2583
Median
10,6000
Variance
k1
4,007
Std. Deviation
2,00175
Minimum
6,75
Maximum
12,00
Range
5,25
Interquartile Range
2,88
Skewness
-1,724
,913
3,564
2,000
Kurtosis
Tests of Normality
kelompok
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
k0
,146
5
,200*
,992
5
,985
p1
,230
5
,200*
,955
5
,776
p2
,212
5
,200*
,922
5
,543
k1
,365
5
,028
,813
5
,103
katalase
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
katalase
Shapiro-Wilk
49
Levene Statistic
2,703
df1
df2
3
Sig.
16
,080
ANOVA
katalase
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Mean Square
162,987
3
54,329
77,726
16
4,858
240,713
19
Within Groups
Total
df
F
Sig.
11,184
,000
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: katalase
Bonferroni
(I) kelompok
(J) kelompok
Mean
Std. Error
Sig.
Difference (I-J)
k0
p1
p2
k1
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
p1
-3,27000
1,39397
,193
-7,4635
,9235
p2
-5,75000*
1,39397
,005
-9,9435
-1,5565
k1
-7,62000*
1,39397
,000
-11,8135
-3,4265
k0
3,27000
1,39397
,193
-,9235
7,4635
p2
-2,48000
1,39397
,565
-6,6735
1,7135
k1
-4,35000*
1,39397
,040
-8,5435
-,1565
k0
5,75000*
1,39397
,005
1,5565
9,9435
p1
2,48000
1,39397
,565
-1,7135
6,6735
k1
-1,87000
1,39397
1,000
-6,0635
2,3235
k0
7,62000*
1,39397
,000
3,4265
11,8135
p1
4,35000*
1,39397
,040
,1565
8,5435
p2
1,87000
1,39397
1,000
-2,3235
6,0635
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
50
Lampiran 6 Dokumentasi
51
52
53
54
55
Lampiran 7 Biodata mahasiswa
Identitas
Nama
: Miranti Anggun Sari
NIM
: 22010112130164
Tempat/tanggal lahir
: Semarang, 25 Agustus 1994
Jenis Kelamin
: Perempuan
Nomor HP
: 089679094604
e-mail
: miranggun@gmail.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: SD Hj Isriati Baiturrahman Semarang Lulus tahun: 2006
2. SMP
: SMP N 8 Semarang
Lulus tahun: 2009
3. SMA
: SMA N 1 Semarang
Lulus tahun: 2012
4. FK UNDIP
: Masuk tahun : 2012
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Lestari Weny, Wardhani Yurika Fauzia. Stigma dan Penanganan Penderita
Gangguan Jiwa Berat yang Dipasung. 2014;157–66.
2.
Jarut Yulia Maria, Fatimawali, Wiyono Weny. Tinjauan Penggunaan
Antipsikotik Pada Pengobatan Skizofrenia Di Rumah Sakit Prof . Dr . V . L
Ratumbuysang Manado Periode Januari 2013-Maret 2013. Jurnal Ilmiah
Farmasi. 2013;2(03):54–7.
3.
Sadock Benjamin, Sadock Virgnia. Kaplan & Sadock’s Concise Textbook
of Clinical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2013.
4.
Johnson D a W. Historical perspective on antipsychotic long-acting
injections. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(SUPPL. 52):7–13.
5.
Kane John M, Garcia-Ribera Carlos. Clinical guideline recommendations for
antipsychotic long-acting injections. British Journal of Psychiatry.
2009;195(SUPPL. 52):63–8.
6.
Wistedt Borje. How does the psychiatric patient feel about depot treatment,
compulsion or help. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. Taylor &
Francis;
1995
Jan
1;49(sup35):41–6.
Available
from:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039489509099719
7.
Marwick Katie FM, Taylor Mark, Walker Simon W. Antipsychotics and
abnormal
liver
neuropharmacology
function
[Internet].
tests:
systematic
2012;35(5):244–53.
review.
Clinical
Available
from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22986798
8.
Bošković Marija, Grabnar Iztok, Terzič Tea, Kores Plesničar Blanka, Vovk
Tomaz. Oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients treated with long-acting
haloperidol decanoate. Psychiatry Research. 2013;210(3):761–8.
9.
Sunarno. The Gluttathion Role As Antioxidant in Inhibition of Neurode
generative Disease and Brain Aging. Semarang; 2009;1(2):185–210.
10.
Bo M, Vovk T, Kores B, Grabnar I. Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia.
2011;301–12.
11.
Murray RK, Granner DK. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 27 th. Jakarta:
EGC; 2009.
39
12.
Yu L, Zhao M, Yang B, Zhao Q, Jiang Y. Phenolics from hull of Garcinia
mangostana fruit and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry.
2007;104(1):176–81.
13.
Mansour NAA, Aulani’am, Kusnadi J. Garciniamangostana Linn . Pericarp
Extract Reduced Malondialdehyde ( MDA ) Level in Cigarette Smoke
Exposed Rats. 2013;2(9):1–5.
14.
Tjahjani S, Widowati W, Khiong K, Suhendra A, Tjokropranoto R.
Antioxidant Properties of Garcinia Mangostana L (Mangosteen) Rind.
Procedia Chemistry [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd.; 2014 [cited 2015 Dec
23];13(2009):198–203.
Available
from:
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1876619614002162
15.
Gumulec J, Raudenska M, Hlavna M, Stracina T, Sztalmachova M,
Tanhauserova V, et al. Determination of oxidative stress and activities of
antioxidant enzymes in guinea pigs treated with haloperidol. Experimental
and therapeutic medicine [Internet]. 2013;5(2):479–84. Available from:
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3570091&tool=
pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
16.
Meltzer H. Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium. In: Katzung BG, editor. Basic
and clinical Pharmacology. 12 th. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill; 2012. p.
501–20.
17.
Brissos S, Veguilla MR, Taylor D, Balanzá-martinez V. Therapeutic
Advances in Psychopharmacology The role of long-acting injectable
antipsychotics in schizophrenia : a critical appraisal. 2014;
18.
Olivares JM, Pinal B, Cinos C. Comparison of long-acting antipsychotic
injection and oral antipsychotics in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatry
[Internet].
2011;1(3):275–89.
Available
from:
http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=expor
t&id=L364450714\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2217/npy.11.24
19.
William Z. Potter LEH. Drugs that act in the central nervous system. In:
Bertram G. Katzung, editor. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. 12 th. United
States of America: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012.
40
20.
Henryk-gutt R. The Effect of Flufenazin dekanoat ( Modecater ) on Hepatic
Microsomal Enzyme Activity in Man. Br J clin Pharmac. 1974;1:1973–4.
21.
Jung H-A, Su B-N, Keller WJ, Mehta RG, Kinghorn AD. Antioxidant
Xanthones from the Pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen).
Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 2006;54:2077–82.
22.
Weecharangsan W, Opanasopit P, Sukma M, Ngawhirunpat T, Sotanaphun
U, Siripong P. Antioxidative and neuroprotective activities of extracts from
the fruit hull of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.). Medical Principles
and Practice. 2006;15(4):281–7.
23.
Azzahra H, Pujiastuti P. Potensi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis ( Garcinia
mangostana L .) Buatan Pabrik Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas
Mikrobisidal Sel Neutrofil yang Dipapar Streptococcus mutans ( The
Potency of Manufactured Mangosteen Peel Extract ( Garcin- ia mangostana
L .) Towa. 2014;2(1):161–6.
24.
Jujun P, Pootakham K, Pongpaibul Y, Duangrat C, Tharavichitkul P. Acute
and repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of Garcinia mangostana Linn
rind extract. J Nat Sci. 2008;7:206–199.
25.
Chen C-H. Activation and Detoxification Enzymes. New York: Springer;
2012.
26.
Ho E, Karimi Galougahi K, Liu C-C, Bhindi R, Figtree GA. Biological
markers of oxidative stress: Applications to cardiovascular research and
practice. Redox Biology [Internet]. Elsevier; 2013 [cited 2016 Jan
12];1(1):483–91.
Available
from:
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221323171300058X
27.
Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress
and antioxidant defense. The World Allergy Organization journal [Internet].
2012;5(1):9–19. Available from: http://www.waojournal.org/content/5/1/9
28.
Jarut YM, Fatimawali, Wiyono WI. Tinjauan Penggunaan Antipsikotik Pada
Pengobatan Skizofrenia Di Rumah Sakit Prof . Dr . V . L . Jurnal Ilmiah
Farmasi. 2013;2(03):54–7.
29.
Weydert CJ, Cullen JJ. Measurement of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase,
41
and Glutathione Peroxidase in Cultured Cells and Tissue. Nat Protoc.
2010;5(1):51–66.
30.
N.a. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of
Traditional
Organization
Medicine
World
(WHO)
Health
[Internet].
Organization.
2000;1:1–71.
World
Health
Available
from:
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:General+
Guidelines+for+Methodologies+on+Research+and+Evaluation+of+Traditi
onal+Medicine+World+Health+Organization#0
31.
Kuribara H, Tadokoro S. Study of Accummulation of Fluphenazine
Enanthate and Flufenazin dekanoat, Long Acting Neuropletic Drugs, After
Repeated Administrarions By Means of Their Inhibitory Effects on the
Discriminated Avoidance Response in Rats. The Journal of Toxicological
Sciences. 1978;4:87–9.
32.
Iwase T, Tajima A, Sugimoto S, Okuda K, Hironaka I, Kamata Y, et al. A
simple assay for measuring catalase activity: a visual approach. Scientific
reports
[Internet].
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43
Lampiran 1 Penghitungan dosis flufenazin dekanoat
Setiap 1 ampul berisi 25 mg Flufenazin dekanoat, dilarutkan menggunakan
sesame oil 10 ml yang telah disterilkan. Penghitungan dosis menggunakan
rumus:
� �
�
� �� ��
�
�
�
�
Penghitungan dosis Flufenazin dekanoat 2 mg/kgBB
Berat tikus (kg)
�
�….
�
Dosis 2 mg/kgBB
0,19
0,152
0,20
0,16
0,21
0,168
0,22
0,176
0,23
0,184
0,24
0,192
0,25
0,2
0,26
0,208
0,27
0,216
0,28
0,224
0,29
0,232
0,30
0,240
�
�
44
Lampiran 2 Penghitungan dosis ekstrak kulit manggis
Setiap 1 kaplet berisi 500 mg ekstrak kulit manggis, dilarutkan menggunakan
etanol 1 %.
Dosis yang digunakan adalah 600 mg/kgBB.13
Berat badan tikus ± 200 mg = 0,2 kg
Dosis ekstrak kulit manggis untuk tikus adalah adalah
� �
=
=
�
× ,
���
�
�
�
���
��
����
×
�
�
Dilarutkan dengan 30 ml etanol 1% disesuaikan dengan kapasitas minum tikus.
45
Lampiran 3 Ethical clearance
46
Lampiran 4 Surat Ijin Penelitian
47
Lampiran 5 Analisis data
Descriptives
kelompok
Statistic
Mean
2,5500
Lower Bound
1,6085
Upper Bound
3,4915
Std. Error
,33912
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
2,5556
Median
2,5000
Variance
k0
,575
Std. Deviation
,75829
Minimum
1,50
Maximum
3,50
Range
2,00
Interquartile Range
1,38
Skewness
-,226
,913
Kurtosis
-,139
2,000
5,8200
,76560
Mean
Lower Bound
3,6943
Upper Bound
7,9457
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
katalase
5% Trimmed Mean
5,8222
Median
5,2500
Variance
p1
2,931
Std. Deviation
1,71194
Minimum
3,60
Maximum
8,00
Range
4,40
Interquartile Range
3,08
Skewness
,057
,913
-,865
2,000
8,3000
1,54394
Kurtosis
Mean
Lower Bound
4,0133
Upper Bound
12,5867
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
p2
5% Trimmed Mean
8,2083
Median
8,0000
Variance
11,919
48
Std. Deviation
3,45235
Minimum
5,00
Maximum
13,25
Range
8,25
Interquartile Range
6,50
Skewness
,626
,913
-,839
2,000
10,1700
,89521
Kurtosis
Mean
Lower Bound
7,6845
Upper Bound
12,6555
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
10,2583
Median
10,6000
Variance
k1
4,007
Std. Deviation
2,00175
Minimum
6,75
Maximum
12,00
Range
5,25
Interquartile Range
2,88
Skewness
-1,724
,913
3,564
2,000
Kurtosis
Tests of Normality
kelompok
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
k0
,146
5
,200*
,992
5
,985
p1
,230
5
,200*
,955
5
,776
p2
,212
5
,200*
,922
5
,543
k1
,365
5
,028
,813
5
,103
katalase
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
katalase
Shapiro-Wilk
49
Levene Statistic
2,703
df1
df2
3
Sig.
16
,080
ANOVA
katalase
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Mean Square
162,987
3
54,329
77,726
16
4,858
240,713
19
Within Groups
Total
df
F
Sig.
11,184
,000
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: katalase
Bonferroni
(I) kelompok
(J) kelompok
Mean
Std. Error
Sig.
Difference (I-J)
k0
p1
p2
k1
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
p1
-3,27000
1,39397
,193
-7,4635
,9235
p2
-5,75000*
1,39397
,005
-9,9435
-1,5565
k1
-7,62000*
1,39397
,000
-11,8135
-3,4265
k0
3,27000
1,39397
,193
-,9235
7,4635
p2
-2,48000
1,39397
,565
-6,6735
1,7135
k1
-4,35000*
1,39397
,040
-8,5435
-,1565
k0
5,75000*
1,39397
,005
1,5565
9,9435
p1
2,48000
1,39397
,565
-1,7135
6,6735
k1
-1,87000
1,39397
1,000
-6,0635
2,3235
k0
7,62000*
1,39397
,000
3,4265
11,8135
p1
4,35000*
1,39397
,040
,1565
8,5435
p2
1,87000
1,39397
1,000
-2,3235
6,0635
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
50
Lampiran 6 Dokumentasi
51
52
53
54
55
Lampiran 7 Biodata mahasiswa
Identitas
Nama
: Miranti Anggun Sari
NIM
: 22010112130164
Tempat/tanggal lahir
: Semarang, 25 Agustus 1994
Jenis Kelamin
: Perempuan
Nomor HP
: 089679094604
: miranggun@gmail.com
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD
: SD Hj Isriati Baiturrahman Semarang Lulus tahun: 2006
2. SMP
: SMP N 8 Semarang
Lulus tahun: 2009
3. SMA
: SMA N 1 Semarang
Lulus tahun: 2012
4. FK UNDIP
: Masuk tahun : 2012