S IKOM 1206139 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ...................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ......................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah........................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 7
1.3 Pertanyaan Penelitian..................................................................................7
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 7
1.5 Manfaat Signifikansi Penelitian ................................................................ 8
1.5.1 Aspek Teoritis .................................................................................. 8
1.5.2 Aspek Praktis ................................................................................... 8
1.5.3 Aspek Kebijakan .............................................................................. 8
1.5.4 Aspek Aksi Sosial ............................................................................ 8
1.6 Batasan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 8
1.7 Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ....................................................................... 9
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 10
2.1 Agenda Setting .......................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Agenda Setting Dalam Praktik Public Relations ............................ 12
2.2 Citra ........................................................................................................... 12
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.1 Citra Perusahaan .............................................................................. 12
2.2.2 Definisi Konsep Citra ...................................................................... 13
2.2.3 Jenis-Jenis Citra ............................................................................... 14
2.2.4 Peran Citra Bagi Perusahaani ........................................................... 16
2.2.5 Manfaat Citra Bagi Perusahaani ..................................................... 16
2.2.6 Tipe Perusahaan Yang Membutuhkan Citra .................................... 17
2.2.7 Proses Pembentukan Citra .............................................................. 18
2.2.8 Unsur -Unsur Citra Dalam Penelitian .............................................. 20
2.2.8.1 Keakraban .......................................................................... 20
2.2.8.2 Karakteristik ....................................................................... 20
2.2.8.1 Sumber ................................................................................ 22
2.2.8.1 Penilaian............................................................................. 23
2.2.9 Reputasi dan Hubungannya Dengan Citra Perusaahaan ........................ 24
2.3 Media Online ............................................................................................. 25
2.3.1 Keunggulan Media Online ............................................................... 26
2.3.2 Bagaimana Media Berpengaruh ....................................................... 26
2.4 Definisi Berita ........................................................................................... 27
2.4.1 Jenis-Jenis Berita ............................................................................. 28
2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................................. 27
2.6 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................... 33
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................... 34
3.1 Desain Penelitian ....................................................................................... 34
3.1.1 Pendekatan Penelitian ..................................................................... 34
3.1.2 Jenis Penelitian................................................................................ 34
3.1.3 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................... 34
3.2 Jenis Data dan Sumber Data ..................................................................... 35
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel ................................................................................. 35
3.3.1 Populasi ........................................................................................... 35
3.3.2 Sampel............................................................................................. 36
3.3.3 Teknik Penarikan Sampel ............................................................... 36
3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................ 42
3.5 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................. 42
3.6 Unit Analisis ............................................................................................. 42
3.7 Uji Validitas .............................................................................................. 43
3.8 Uji Reliabilitas .......................................................................................... 43
3.9 Opersionalisasi Konsep dan Kategorisasi ................................................. 45
3.9.1 Kategorisasi ..................................................................................... 45
3.9.1.1 Keakraban .............................................................................. 46
3.9.1.2 Karakteristik ......................................................................... 46
3.9.1.13 Sumber ................................................................................ 47
3.9.1.4 Penilaian ................................................................................ 48
3.9.2 Konsep ............................................................................................ 49
3.10 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 54
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................. 56
4.2 Profil Perusahaan ....................................................................................... 56
4.1.1 Sejarah Perusahaan ......................................................................... 56
4.1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan Perusahaan ..................................................... 57
4.1.3 Visi Perusahaan ............................................................................... 57
4.1.4 Misi Perusahaan ............................................................................... 57
4.1.5 Motto Perusahaan ............................................................................. 57
4.1.6 Kegiatan Usaha Perusahaan ............................................................. 57
4.1.7 Logo Perusahaan .............................................................................. 58
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.8 Struktur Perusahaan ........................................................................ 60
4.1.9 Profil dan Sejarah Singkat Detik.com ............................................. 60
4.2 Hasil Temuan ............................................................................................. 62
4.2.1 Keakraban ....................................................................................... 62
4.2.1.1 Kebijakan ............................................................................. 62
4.2.1.2 Kinerja ................................................................................. 64
4.2.1.3 Layanan ............................................................................... 66
4.2.2 Karakteristik ................................................................................... 68
4.2.2.1 Keuangan ............................................................................ 68
4.2.2.2 Perencanaan Formal (Program) .......................................... 70
4.2.3 Sumber ............................................................................................ 72
4.2.4 Penilaian ......................................................................................... 73
4.3 Pembahasan ............................................................................................... 74
4.3.1 Elemen Citra ................................................................................... 74
4.3.1.1 Keakraban .......................................................................... 74
4.3.1.2 Karakteristik ........................................................................ 76
4.3.1.3 Sumber ................................................................................. 77
4.3.1.4 Penilaian.............................................................................. 79
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI ...................... 81
5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................... 81
5.1.1 Kesimpulan Keakraban dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik Tepat
Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ........................................ 81
5.1.2 Kesimpulan Karakteristik dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik
Tepat Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ............................... 81
5.1.3 Kesimpulan Sumber dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik Tepat
Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ......................................... 82
5.1.4 Kesimpulan Penilaian dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik Tepat
Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ......................................... 82
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
5.2 Implikasi .................................................................................................... 82
5.2.1 Implikasi Akademis ........................................................................ 82
5.2.2 Implikasi Praktis ............................................................................. 83
5.2.3 Implikasi Keakraban ....................................................................... 83
5.2.4 Implikasi Karakteristik ................................................................... 83
5.2.2 Implikasi Sumber ............................................................................ 83
5.2.2 Implikasi Penilaian ......................................................................... 84
5.3 Rekomendasi ............................................................................................. 84
5.3.1 Rekomendasi Akademis.................................................................. 84
5.3.2 Rekomendasi Praktis ....................................................................... 84
5.3.3 Rekomendasi Keakraban ................................................................ 84
5.3.4 Rekomendasi Sumber...................................................................... 85
5.3.5 Rekomendasi Penilaian .................................................................. 85
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Model Agenda Setting Willbur Schramm .................................... 11
Gambar 2.2 Pembentukan Citra ....................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.3 Model Komunikasi Public Relations............................................ 20
Gambar 2.4 Skala ROIT ................................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.5 Publik Menurut Smith .................................................................. 23
Gambar 2.6 Hubungan Citra Dengan Reputasi ................................................ 25
Gambar 4.1 Logo PT.PLN (Persero) ............................................................... 58
Gambar 4.2 Struktur PT.PLN (Persero) ........................................................... 60
Gambar 4.3 Logo Detik.com ............................................................................ 60
Gambar 4.4 Keakraban Kebijakan dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 62
Gambar 4.5
Keakraban Kinerja dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 64
Gambar 4.6 Keakraban Layanan dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 66
Gambar 4.7 Karakteristik Keuangan dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 68
Gambar 4.8 Karakteristik Perencanaan Formal
(Program) dalam
pemberitaan di Detik.com (November 2015 – Juni 2016) ............................... 70
Gambar 4.9 Sumber dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com (November 2015 –
Juni 2016) .................. ...................................................................................... 72
Gambar 4.9 Penilaian dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com (November 2015 –
Juni 2016) .................. ...................................................................................... 73
Gambar 4.11 Publik PT.PLN (Persero)............................................................ 78
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................ 30
Tabel 3.1 Tabel Sampel Penelitian................................................................... 37
Tabel 3.2 Tabel Percent Of Agreement ............................................................ 44
Tabel 3.4 Tabel Operasionalisasi Konsep ........................................................ 54
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................................................. 85
Lampiran .......................................................................................................... 88
Lampiran 1 ....................................................................................... 88
Lampiran 2 ....................................................................................... 91
Lampiran 3 ....................................................................................... 97
Lampiran 4 ....................................................................................... 135
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ...................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... ii
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ......................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah........................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 7
1.3 Pertanyaan Penelitian..................................................................................7
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 7
1.5 Manfaat Signifikansi Penelitian ................................................................ 8
1.5.1 Aspek Teoritis .................................................................................. 8
1.5.2 Aspek Praktis ................................................................................... 8
1.5.3 Aspek Kebijakan .............................................................................. 8
1.5.4 Aspek Aksi Sosial ............................................................................ 8
1.6 Batasan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 8
1.7 Struktur Organisasi Skripsi ....................................................................... 9
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 10
2.1 Agenda Setting .......................................................................................... 10
2.1.1 Agenda Setting Dalam Praktik Public Relations ............................ 12
2.2 Citra ........................................................................................................... 12
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
2.2.1 Citra Perusahaan .............................................................................. 12
2.2.2 Definisi Konsep Citra ...................................................................... 13
2.2.3 Jenis-Jenis Citra ............................................................................... 14
2.2.4 Peran Citra Bagi Perusahaani ........................................................... 16
2.2.5 Manfaat Citra Bagi Perusahaani ..................................................... 16
2.2.6 Tipe Perusahaan Yang Membutuhkan Citra .................................... 17
2.2.7 Proses Pembentukan Citra .............................................................. 18
2.2.8 Unsur -Unsur Citra Dalam Penelitian .............................................. 20
2.2.8.1 Keakraban .......................................................................... 20
2.2.8.2 Karakteristik ....................................................................... 20
2.2.8.1 Sumber ................................................................................ 22
2.2.8.1 Penilaian............................................................................. 23
2.2.9 Reputasi dan Hubungannya Dengan Citra Perusaahaan ........................ 24
2.3 Media Online ............................................................................................. 25
2.3.1 Keunggulan Media Online ............................................................... 26
2.3.2 Bagaimana Media Berpengaruh ....................................................... 26
2.4 Definisi Berita ........................................................................................... 27
2.4.1 Jenis-Jenis Berita ............................................................................. 28
2.5 Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................................. 27
2.6 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................... 33
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................... 34
3.1 Desain Penelitian ....................................................................................... 34
3.1.1 Pendekatan Penelitian ..................................................................... 34
3.1.2 Jenis Penelitian................................................................................ 34
3.1.3 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................... 34
3.2 Jenis Data dan Sumber Data ..................................................................... 35
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel ................................................................................. 35
3.3.1 Populasi ........................................................................................... 35
3.3.2 Sampel............................................................................................. 36
3.3.3 Teknik Penarikan Sampel ............................................................... 36
3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................ 42
3.5 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................. 42
3.6 Unit Analisis ............................................................................................. 42
3.7 Uji Validitas .............................................................................................. 43
3.8 Uji Reliabilitas .......................................................................................... 43
3.9 Opersionalisasi Konsep dan Kategorisasi ................................................. 45
3.9.1 Kategorisasi ..................................................................................... 45
3.9.1.1 Keakraban .............................................................................. 46
3.9.1.2 Karakteristik ......................................................................... 46
3.9.1.13 Sumber ................................................................................ 47
3.9.1.4 Penilaian ................................................................................ 48
3.9.2 Konsep ............................................................................................ 49
3.10 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 54
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................. 56
4.2 Profil Perusahaan ....................................................................................... 56
4.1.1 Sejarah Perusahaan ......................................................................... 56
4.1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan Perusahaan ..................................................... 57
4.1.3 Visi Perusahaan ............................................................................... 57
4.1.4 Misi Perusahaan ............................................................................... 57
4.1.5 Motto Perusahaan ............................................................................. 57
4.1.6 Kegiatan Usaha Perusahaan ............................................................. 57
4.1.7 Logo Perusahaan .............................................................................. 58
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
4.1.8 Struktur Perusahaan ........................................................................ 60
4.1.9 Profil dan Sejarah Singkat Detik.com ............................................. 60
4.2 Hasil Temuan ............................................................................................. 62
4.2.1 Keakraban ....................................................................................... 62
4.2.1.1 Kebijakan ............................................................................. 62
4.2.1.2 Kinerja ................................................................................. 64
4.2.1.3 Layanan ............................................................................... 66
4.2.2 Karakteristik ................................................................................... 68
4.2.2.1 Keuangan ............................................................................ 68
4.2.2.2 Perencanaan Formal (Program) .......................................... 70
4.2.3 Sumber ............................................................................................ 72
4.2.4 Penilaian ......................................................................................... 73
4.3 Pembahasan ............................................................................................... 74
4.3.1 Elemen Citra ................................................................................... 74
4.3.1.1 Keakraban .......................................................................... 74
4.3.1.2 Karakteristik ........................................................................ 76
4.3.1.3 Sumber ................................................................................. 77
4.3.1.4 Penilaian.............................................................................. 79
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI ...................... 81
5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................... 81
5.1.1 Kesimpulan Keakraban dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik Tepat
Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ........................................ 81
5.1.2 Kesimpulan Karakteristik dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik
Tepat Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ............................... 81
5.1.3 Kesimpulan Sumber dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik Tepat
Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ......................................... 82
5.1.4 Kesimpulan Penilaian dalam pemberitaan Subsidi Listrik Tepat
Sasaran 2016 di portal berita Detik.com ......................................... 82
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
5.2 Implikasi .................................................................................................... 82
5.2.1 Implikasi Akademis ........................................................................ 82
5.2.2 Implikasi Praktis ............................................................................. 83
5.2.3 Implikasi Keakraban ....................................................................... 83
5.2.4 Implikasi Karakteristik ................................................................... 83
5.2.2 Implikasi Sumber ............................................................................ 83
5.2.2 Implikasi Penilaian ......................................................................... 84
5.3 Rekomendasi ............................................................................................. 84
5.3.1 Rekomendasi Akademis.................................................................. 84
5.3.2 Rekomendasi Praktis ....................................................................... 84
5.3.3 Rekomendasi Keakraban ................................................................ 84
5.3.4 Rekomendasi Sumber...................................................................... 85
5.3.5 Rekomendasi Penilaian .................................................................. 85
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Model Agenda Setting Willbur Schramm .................................... 11
Gambar 2.2 Pembentukan Citra ....................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.3 Model Komunikasi Public Relations............................................ 20
Gambar 2.4 Skala ROIT ................................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.5 Publik Menurut Smith .................................................................. 23
Gambar 2.6 Hubungan Citra Dengan Reputasi ................................................ 25
Gambar 4.1 Logo PT.PLN (Persero) ............................................................... 58
Gambar 4.2 Struktur PT.PLN (Persero) ........................................................... 60
Gambar 4.3 Logo Detik.com ............................................................................ 60
Gambar 4.4 Keakraban Kebijakan dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 62
Gambar 4.5
Keakraban Kinerja dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 64
Gambar 4.6 Keakraban Layanan dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 66
Gambar 4.7 Karakteristik Keuangan dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com
(November 2015 – Juni 2016).......................................................................... 68
Gambar 4.8 Karakteristik Perencanaan Formal
(Program) dalam
pemberitaan di Detik.com (November 2015 – Juni 2016) ............................... 70
Gambar 4.9 Sumber dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com (November 2015 –
Juni 2016) .................. ...................................................................................... 72
Gambar 4.9 Penilaian dalam pemberitaan di Detik.com (November 2015 –
Juni 2016) .................. ...................................................................................... 73
Gambar 4.11 Publik PT.PLN (Persero)............................................................ 78
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................ 30
Tabel 3.1 Tabel Sampel Penelitian................................................................... 37
Tabel 3.2 Tabel Percent Of Agreement ............................................................ 44
Tabel 3.4 Tabel Operasionalisasi Konsep ........................................................ 54
Daftar Pustaka .................................................................................................. 85
Lampiran .......................................................................................................... 88
Lampiran 1 ....................................................................................... 88
Lampiran 2 ....................................................................................... 91
Lampiran 3 ....................................................................................... 97
Lampiran 4 ....................................................................................... 135
Harry Kurniawan, 2016
CITRA PT.PLN (PERSERO) DI MEDIA ONLINE
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu