LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM TEATER KESENIAN DI SURAKARTA

  PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2016/2017

  

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

TEATER KESENIAN DI SURAKARTA

Tema Desain

  ARSITEKTUR NEO-VERNAKULAR

  

Fokus Kajian

  SISTEM KINERJA BANGUNAN YANG MELIPUTI ASPEK AKUSTIK, VISUAL, DAN SPASIAL Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

  Disusun oleh:

IVANA DWI SANJAYA 12.11.0024

  Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. AMS DARMAWAN, MBldg.

  

NIDN : 0006085001

  PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

  

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

  Periode LXX Semester Gasal 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial Penyusun : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024 Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg Penguji : Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT

  Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

  Semarang, 30 September Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

  Pembimbing, Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg

  NIDN 0006085001 Penguji, Penguji, Penguji

  Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT. Ir. Etty Endang L. MT Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA NIDN 0629056301 NIDN 0617025701 NIDN 0601035401

  

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

  Periode LXX Semester Gasal Tahun 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial Penyusun : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024 Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg Penguji : Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT

  Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA

  Semarang, 30 September 2016 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Dekan

  Ketua Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA,Ph.D Dr. Ir. Krisprantono

NIDN 0626076501 NIDN 0616085701

SURAT PERNYATAAN

  Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya : Nama : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024 Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode LXX semester gasal TA. 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg NIDN : 0006085001 Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas siap menerima segala konsekuennya

  Semarang, Penulis Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024

  PRAKATA

  Puji dan Syukur dipanjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala karunia yang telah dilimpahkan, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 70 yang berjudul “Teater Kesenian di Surakarta” ini dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Banyak pihak yang telah membantu & melancarkan dalam proses penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

  1. Dr. Dra Tyas Susanti, MA selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.

  2. Dr. Ir Krisprantono selaku Kaprogdi arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.

  3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyanto, MT selaku Dosen Koordinator PAA Periode 70

  4. Ir. AMS Darmawan, MBldg. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah membimbing dan memberi masukan kepada penulis selama proses penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini.

  5. Tim Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan dan kritik yang sangat bermanfaat.

  6. Kedua orang tua dan seluruh keluarga yang telah memberikan dukungan moril maupun materil sepenuhnya untuk kelancaran proses penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini.

  7. Serta teman-teman seperjuangan yang telah memberikan dukungan dalam proses penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 70. Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini merupakan salah satu tahap dari

  Proyek Akhir Arsitektur yang harus dilewati sebelum melangkah menuju tahap Desain. Penulis memohon maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini. Penulis menyadari masih terdapat berbagai kekurangan dalam penyusunan. Semoga Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) yang berjudul “Teater Kesenian di Surakarta” ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi para pembacanya.

  September 2016 Penulis

  

DAFTAR ISI

PRAKATA ...............................................................................................................i

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................vi

DAFTAR TABEL.....................................................................................................xiii

DAFTAR SKEMA DAN DIAGRAM .........................................................................xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1

  1.4.2.2 Deduktif ......................................................................................9

  2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ...................................................................................16

  2.1. Tinjauan Umum ...............................................................................................16

  

BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................................16

  1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................................13

  1.4.5 Alur Pikir .................................................................................................12

  1.4.4 Metode Perancangan Arsitektur .............................................................10

  1.4.3 Metode Pemrograman ............................................................................9

  1.4.2.1 Induktif .......................................................................................8

  1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ....................................................................................1

  1.4.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisa ...........................................................7

  1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................5

  1.4 Metode Pembahasan ......................................................................................5

  1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan .....................................................................................4

  1.2.2 Sasaran ..................................................................................................4

  1.2.1 Tujuan ....................................................................................................3

  1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................................3

  2.1.1.1 Teater ........................................................................................16

• – Perkembangan – Trend ..............................................23

  2.2.5 Studi Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ...................................................50

  3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .........................................................................67

  

BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................67

  2.3.3 Anggapan.................................................................................................66

  2.3.2 Batasan ....................................................................................................66

  2.3.1 Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................65

  2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .............................................................65

  2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ..............................................................................64

  2.2.5.3 Taman Sriwedari ........................................................................62

  2.2.5.2 Taman Budaya Jawa Tengah (TBJT) ........................................56

  2.2.5.1 Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta (ISI) .......................................50

  2.2.4.2 Urgensi ......................................................................................48

  2.1.1.2 Kesenian ....................................................................................23

  2.2.4.1 Uraian Lokasi .............................................................................42

  2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Desa / Kota .................................................................42

  2.2.3.3 Aspek Lingkungan .....................................................................41

  2.2.3.2 Aspek Bangunan ........................................................................40

  2.2.3.1 Aspek Arsitektural ......................................................................39

  2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ........................................................39

  2.2.2 Kegiatan (pelaku / fasilitas / prasarana) ...................................................30

  2.2.1 Terminologi ..............................................................................................25

  2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ..............................................................................................25

  2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ....................................................................25

  2.1.2 Latar Belakang

  3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ..........................................................................................67

  3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ...........................................................................................87

  3.1.2.1 Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................................87

  3.1.2.2 Deskripsi Ruang.........................................................................99

  3.1.2.3 Pola Hubungan Antar Ruang .....................................................104

  3.1.2.4 Studi Besaran Ruang .................................................................107

  3.1.2.5 Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................................134

  3.1.2.6 Studi Ruang Kaum Difabel .........................................................144

  3.1.2.7 Studi Kebutuhan Lain .................................................................146

  3.1.2.8 Studi Citra Arsitektural ...............................................................147

  3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...........................................................148

  3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure .......................................................148

  3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................156

  3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ..................................................................168

  3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ........................................................175

  3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .........................................................................175

  3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak .........................................................................181

  

BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .......................................................................189

  4.1. Konsep Program ..............................................................................................189

  4.1.1 Citra Arsitektural ....................................................................................189

  4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi .........................................................................................189

  4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................................190

  4.1.4 Aspek ramah Lingkungan ......................................................................197

  4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ...........................................................................................................197

  4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ..............................................................................197

  4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................................198

  4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ..........................................................198

  4.2.3.1 Persyaratan Arsitektural .............................................................198

  4.2.3.2 Persyaratan Bangunan ..............................................................199

  4.2.3.3 Persyaratan Lingkungan ............................................................200

  4.3. Program Arsitektur ...........................................................................................201

  4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ..................................................................................201

  4.3.1.1 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang .....................................................201

  4.3.1.2 Luas Lahan ................................................................................203

  4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................................205

  4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas .........................................................................213

  4.4. Program dan Lokasi Tapak ..............................................................................225

  4.4.1 Lokasi / Wilayah Terpilih ........................................................................225

  4.4.2 Tapak Terpilih ........................................................................................227

  4.4.3 Ruang Terbuka Hijau .............................................................................230

  4.4.4 Jenis Pohon Pilihan ...............................................................................231

  4.4.5 Bahan Penutup Tanah ...........................................................................231

  4.4.6 Pengelolaan Limbah ..............................................................................231

  

BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ..........................................................................................232

  5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain .......................................................................232

  5.1.1 Teori Tema Desain ................................................................................232

  5.1.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................................233

  5.1.3 Transformasi Studi Desain .....................................................................235

  5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..............................................................236

  5.2.1 Teori Permasalahan Dominan ...............................................................236

  5.2.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................................240

  5.2.3 Transformasi Studi Permasalahan Dominan .........................................243

  

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................................244

LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................................246

  

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Amphitheatre Format ...........................................................................17Gambar 2.2 Ancient Roman ....................................................................................17Gambar 2.3 Corner Stage Format ...........................................................................18Gambar 2.4 Olivier auditorium at the National Theatre, London .............................18Gambar 2.5 End Stage Format ...............................................................................19Gambar 2.6 Northern Stage, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK .........................................19Gambar 2.7 In The Round Format ..........................................................................19Gambar 2.8 The Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester .........................................19Gambar 2.9 Proscenium Format .............................................................................20Gambar 2.10 Wexford Opera House, Wexford, Ireland...........................................20Gambar 2.11 The Wide Fan Format........................................................................21Gambar 2.12 The Barbican Theatre, London ..........................................................21Gambar 2.13 Thrust Stage Format..........................................................................22Gambar 2.14 The Crucible Theatre, Sheffield .........................................................22Gambar 2.15 Traverse Format ................................................................................22Gambar 2.16 National Theatre, Mannheim, Germany.............................................22Gambar 2.17 Peta Provinsi Jawa Tengah ...............................................................42Gambar 2.18 Peta Wilayah Administrasi Kota Surakarta ........................................43Gambar 2.19 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kota Surakarta ..................................45Gambar 2.20 Pintu Gerbang ISI Surakarta .............................................................50Gambar 2.21 Suasana ISI Surakarta ......................................................................50Gambar 2.22 Gedung Teater Besar ISI ...................................................................52Gambar 2.23 Auditorium Teater Besar ISI ..............................................................52Gambar 2.24 Panggung dan Set Lighting Teater Besar ISI Surakarta ....................52Gambar 2.25 Gedung Teater Kecil .........................................................................53Gambar 2.26 Lobby Teater Kecil ISI .......................................................................53Gambar 2.27 Panggung Teater Kecil ISI .................................................................53Gambar 2.28 Set Gamelan di Panggung ................................................................53Gambar 2.29 Pintu Keluar Penonton ......................................................................54Gambar 2.30 Kursi Penonton dan Ruang Kontrol ...................................................54Gambar 2.31 Taman Eden ......................................................................................54Gambar 2.32 Taman Gendhon Humardani .............................................................54Gambar 2.33 Pendopo ISI Surakarta ......................................................................55Gambar 2.34 Set Lampu di Pendopo ISI .................................................................55Gambar 2.35 Set Gamelan di Pendopo ..................................................................55Gambar 2.36 Kompleks Taman Budaya Jawa Tengah (TBJT) ...............................57Gambar 2.37 Pendopo Ageng TBJT .......................................................................58Gambar 2.38 Pendopo Alit TBJT ............................................................................58Gambar 2.39 Teater Arena TBJT ............................................................................59Gambar 2.40 Kursi Penonton Teater Arena ............................................................59Gambar 2.41 Ruang Kontrol Teater Arena ..............................................................59Gambar 2.42 Set Lampu Teater Arena ...................................................................59Gambar 2.43 Ruang Galeri TBJT ............................................................................60Gambar 2.44 Set Lampu Ruang Galeri ...................................................................60Gambar 2.45 Wisma Seni TBJT ..............................................................................60Gambar 2.46 Teater Terbuka TBJT ........................................................................61Gambar 2.47 Pintu Gerbang Taman Sriwedari .......................................................62Gambar 2.48 Pendopo Sriwedari ............................................................................63Gambar 2.49 Panggung dan Kursi Penonton di Gedung Wayang Orang ...............63Gambar 3.1 Sightline ...............................................................................................135Gambar 3.2 (a) Seat Down (b) Seat Tipe ................................................................136Gambar 3.3 Standar Dimensi Tempat Duduk .........................................................137Gambar 3.4 Jumlah Kursi Penonton dalam 1 Baris ................................................137Gambar 3.5 Kebutuhan Ruang Auditorium .............................................................138Gambar 3.6 Proscenium Format .............................................................................138Gambar 3.7 Jarak Antar Baris dan Jarak Baris Terdepan dengan Panggung .........139Gambar 3.8 Denah Auditorium Lt. dasar Kapasitas 650 Pengunjung .....................139Gambar 3.9 Denah Auditorium Lt. 1 Kapasitas 350 Pengunjung ............................139Gambar 3.10 Tata Letak Panggung dan Hubungan dengan Penonton...................139Gambar 3.11 Analisa Pergerakan Pemain di Panggung .........................................140Gambar 3.12 Analisa Pergerakan Pemain Pentas ..................................................140Gambar 3.13 Kebutuhan Ruang Pemain Gamelan .................................................141Gambar 3.14 Kebutuhan Ruang Sinden .................................................................141Gambar 3.15 Denah Area Panggung dan Area Pemain Musik ...............................143Gambar 3.16 Denah Gedung Teater Lt. dasar ........................................................143Gambar 3.17 Denah Gedung Teater Lt. 1 ...............................................................143Gambar 3.18 Kebutuhan Ruang Kaum Difabel .......................................................144Gambar 3.19 Kebutuhan Ruang Ramp dan Handrail ..............................................144Gambar 3.20 Kebutuhan Ruang Kaum Difabel di Toilet..........................................145Gambar 3.21 Kebutuhan Lift Difabel .......................................................................146Gambar 3.22 Pondasi Footplat ...............................................................................148Gambar 3.23 Pondasi Batu Kali ..............................................................................148Gambar 3.24 Pondasi Strauss Pile .........................................................................149Gambar 3.25 Raised Floor ......................................................................................149Gambar 3.26 Struktur Lantai BetoN ........................................................................150Gambar 3.27 Lantai Keramik ..................................................................................150Gambar 3.28 Macam-macam parquet.....................................................................150Gambar 3.29 Lantai Karpet .....................................................................................151Gambar 3.30 Stone Walkways ................................................................................151Gambar 3.31 Struktur Kolom Kayu..........................................................................151Gambar 3.32 Struktur Kolom Beton ........................................................................152Gambar 3.33 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................152Gambar 3.34 Struktur Dinding Bata ........................................................................152Gambar 3.35 Rangka Dinding Kayu ........................................................................153Gambar 3.36 Rangka Curtain Wall .........................................................................153Gambar 3.37 Struktur Plafond PVC ........................................................................153Gambar 3.38 Struktur Plafond Gypsum ..................................................................154Gambar 3.39 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................154Gambar 3.40 Atap Konvensional ............................................................................154Gambar 3.41 Atap Spaceframe ...............................................................................155Gambar 3.42 Atap Joglo .........................................................................................155Gambar 3.43 Atap ACP ...........................................................................................155Gambar 3.44 Atap Bitumen .....................................................................................156Gambar 3.45 Atap Sirap ..........................................................................................156Gambar 3.46 Lampu LED .......................................................................................159Gambar 3.47 Lampu Halogen .................................................................................160Gambar 3.48 Lampu Fresnel Halogen ....................................................................160Gambar 3.49 Lampu TL (Fluorescent) ....................................................................160Gambar 3.50 Exhaust Fan ......................................................................................161Gambar 3.51 Sistem Kerja AC ................................................................................161Gambar 3.52 Air Conditioner ...................................................................................162Gambar 3.52 Kamera CCTV ...................................................................................163Gambar 3.53 Sistem CCTV .....................................................................................163Gambar 3.54 Rambu Jalur Evakuasi.......................................................................163Gambar 3.55 Smoke Detector .................................................................................164Gambar 3.56 Fire Alarm ..........................................................................................164Gambar 3.57 Fire Extinguisher ...............................................................................165Gambar 3.58 Fire Sprinkle ......................................................................................165Gambar 3.59 Hydrant box dan Hydrant Pole ..........................................................166Gambar 3.60 Sistem Jaringan Wifi ..........................................................................166Gambar 3.61 Jenis Penampang Lintang Anak Tangga ...........................................166Gambar 3.62 Studi Dimenis Anak Tangga ..............................................................167Gambar 3.63 Kebutuhan Lift yang mencukupi bagi Difabel ....................................167Gambar 3.64 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ..................................................168Gambar 3.65 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ..................................................169Gambar 3.66 Panggung dengan Sistem Hidrolik ....................................................169Gambar 3.67 Revolve Stage ...................................................................................170Gambar 3.68 Pengaplikasian Revolve Stage ..........................................................170Gambar 3.69 Hemp Fly Gallery ...............................................................................171Gambar 3.70 Lock Rope .........................................................................................171Gambar 3.71 Overstage Machinery ........................................................................171Gambar 3.72 Flytower .............................................................................................172Gambar 3.73 Seni Akrobatik ...................................................................................172Gambar 3.74 Lighting bridge ...................................................................................173Gambar 3.75 Akses Vertikal Horizontal Lampu Overstage .....................................173Gambar 3.76 Lampu Side Stage .............................................................................174Gambar 3.77 Perch .................................................................................................174Gambar 3.78 Booms ...............................................................................................174Gambar 3.79 Stage Background LED Display ........................................................175Gambar 3.80 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang Kec Jebres ........................................176Gambar 3.81 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kec.Laweyan .....................................178Gambar 3.82 Batas-batas Tapak 1 .........................................................................182Gambar 3.83 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak 1 ...................................................................183Gambar 3.84 Batas- batas Tapak 2 ........................................................................185Gambar 3.85 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak 2 ...................................................................186Gambar 4.1 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ....................................................190Gambar 4.2 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ....................................................191Gambar 4.3 Panggung dengan Sistem Hidrolik ......................................................191Gambar 4.4 Revolve Stage .....................................................................................192Gambar 4.5 Pengaplikasian Revolve Stage ............................................................192Gambar 4.6 Hemp Fly Gallery .................................................................................193Gambar 4.7 Lock Rope ...........................................................................................193Gambar 4.8 Overstage Machinery ..........................................................................193Gambar 4.9 Flytower ...............................................................................................194Gambar 4.10 Seni Akrobatik ...................................................................................194Gambar 4.11 Lighting bridge ...................................................................................195Gambar 4.12 Akses Vertikal Horizontal Lampu Overstage .....................................195Gambar 4.13 Lampu Side Stage .............................................................................196Gambar 4.14 Perch .................................................................................................196Gambar 4.15 Booms ...............................................................................................196Gambar 4.16 Stage Background LED Display ........................................................197Gambar 4.17 Pondasi Footplat ...............................................................................205Gambar 4.18 Pondasi Batu Kali ..............................................................................205Gambar 4.19 Pondasi Strauss Pile .........................................................................206Gambar 4.20 Raised Floor ......................................................................................206Gambar 4.21 Struktur Lantai Beton .........................................................................207Gambar 4.22 Lantai Keramik ..................................................................................207Gambar 4.23 Macam-macam parquet.....................................................................207Gambar 4.24 Lantai Karpet .....................................................................................208Gambar 4.25 Stone Walkways ................................................................................208Gambar 4.26 Struktur Kolom Kayu..........................................................................208Gambar 4.27 Struktur Kolom Beton ........................................................................209Gambar 4.28 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................209Gambar 4.29 Struktur Dinding Bata ........................................................................209Gambar 4.30 Rangka Dinding Kayu ........................................................................210Gambar 4.31 Rangka Curtain Wall .........................................................................210Gambar 4.32 Struktur Plafond PVC ........................................................................210Gambar 4.33 Struktur Plafond Gypsum ..................................................................211Gambar 4.34 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................21Gambar 4.35 Atap Konvensional ............................................................................211Gambar 4.36 Atap Spaceframe ...............................................................................212Gambar 4.37 Atap Joglo .........................................................................................212Gambar 4.38 Atap ACP ...........................................................................................212Gambar 4.39 Atap Bitumen .....................................................................................213Gambar 4.40 Atap Sirap ..........................................................................................213Gambar 4.41 Lampu LED .......................................................................................216Gambar 4.42 Lampu Halogen .................................................................................217Gambar 4.43 Lampu Fresnel Halogen ....................................................................217Gambar 4.44 Lampu TL (Fluorescent) ....................................................................217Gambar 4.45 Exhaust Fan ......................................................................................218Gambar 4.46 Sistem Kerja AC ................................................................................218Gambar 4.47 Air Conditioner ...................................................................................219Gambar 4.48 Kamera CCTV ...................................................................................220Gambar 4.49 Sistem CCTV .....................................................................................220Gambar 4.50 Rambu Jalur Evakuasi.......................................................................220Gambar 4.51 Smoke Detector .................................................................................221Gambar 4.52 Fire Alarm ..........................................................................................221Gambar 4.53 Fire Extinguisher ...............................................................................222Gambar 4.54 Fire Sprinkle ......................................................................................222Gambar 4.55 Hydrant box dan Hydrant Pole ..........................................................223Gambar 4.56 Sistem Jaringan Wifi ..........................................................................223Gambar 4.57 Jenis Penampang Lintang Anak Tangga ...........................................223Gambar 4.58 Studi Dimenis Anak Tangga ..............................................................224Gambar 4.59 Kebutuhan Lift yang mencukupi bagi Difabel ....................................224Gambar 4.60 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kec.Laweyan .....................................225Gambar 4.61 Tapak Terpilih ....................................................................................227Gambar 4.62 Batas-batas Tapak Terpilih ................................................................228Gambar 4.63 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak Terpilih .........................................................229Gambar 5.1 Bandara Internasional Minangkabau ...................................................233Gambar 5.2 Detail Atap Bagonjong .........................................................................234Gambar 5.3 Pengunaan Material pada Bandara Internasional Minangkabau .........234Gambar 5.4 Tata Peletakan Bangunan pada Kompleks Keraton Surakarta ...........235Gambar 5.5 Luminasi dan Iluminasi ........................................................................236Gambar 5.6 Garis Bebas Pandang antar Penonton ................................................237Gambar 5.7 Garis Bebas Pandang pada Teater .....................................................238Gambar 5.8 Tata Letak Panggung dan Hubungan dengan Penonton ....................238Gambar 5.9 Diagram Skala Phon ...........................................................................239Gambar 5.10 Tabel Kriteria Bising yang direkomendasikan untuk ruang / gedung .239Gambar 5.11 Auditorio de Tenerife .........................................................................241Gambar 5.12 Panel Kayu berbentuk Kristalin .........................................................241Gambar 5.13 Akustik Panel / Layar Konsertina .......................................................242Gambar 5.14 Aula Simfoni Auditorio de Tenerife ....................................................242

  

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Pelaku, Aktivitas, dan Kebutuhan Ruang dalam Kompleks Teater ..........31Tabel 2.2 Fasilitas dan Prasarana dalam kompleks Teater .....................................34Tabel 2.3 Arahan dan Fungsi Sub Pusat kota Surakarta tahun 2010-2030 ............46Tabel 3.1 Analisa Kegiatan Pengunjung .................................................................67Tabel 3.2 Analisa Kegiatan Penyaji .........................................................................68Tabel 3.3 Analisa Kegiatan Pengelola.....................................................................70Tabel 3.4 Pengelompokan Sifat Ruang ...................................................................74Tabel 3.5 Presentase Tujuan Wisatawan Kota Surakarta .......................................82Tabel 3.6 Jumlah Penyaji dalam Kompleks Proyek ................................................83Tabel 3.7 Jumlah Pengelola dalam Kompleks Proyek ............................................85Tabel 3.8 Kebutuhan Ruang dan Persyaratan Ruang .............................................87Tabel 3.9 Deskripsi Ruang ......................................................................................99Tabel 3.10 Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................107Tabel 3.11 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan ...................................................................129Tabel 3.12 Satuan Ruang Parkir (SRP) ..................................................................132Tabel 3.13 Macam-macam Struktur Pondasi ..........................................................148Tabel 3.14 Macam-macam Struktur Lantai .............................................................149Tabel 3.15 Macam-macam Material Penutup Lantai ...............................................150Tabel 3.16 Macam-macam Struktur Kolom .............................................................151Tabel 3.17 Macam-macam Struktur Dinding ...........................................................152Tabel 3.18 Macam-macam Struktur Plafond ...........................................................153Tabel 3.19 Macam-macam Struktur Atap ................................................................154Tabel 3.20 Macam-macam Material Penutup Atap .................................................155Tabel 3.21 Skoring Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................181Tabel 3.22 Analisa SWOT Jalan Adi Sucipto ..........................................................184Tabel 3.23 Analisa SWOT Jalan Bigjen Slamet Riyadi ...........................................187Tabel 3.24 Skoring Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................188Tabel 4.1 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan .....................................................................201Tabel 4.2 Macam-macam Struktur Pondasi ............................................................205Tabel 4.3 Macam-macam Struktur Lantai ...............................................................206Tabel 4.4 Macam-macam Material Penutup Lantai .................................................207Tabel 4.5 Macam-macam Struktur Kolom ...............................................................208Tabel 4.6 Macam-macam Struktur Dinding .............................................................209Tabel 4.7 Macam-macam Struktur Plafond .............................................................210Tabel 4.8 Macam-macam Struktur Atap ..................................................................211Tabel 4.9 Macam-macam Material Penutup Atap ...................................................212Tabel 4.10 Analisa SWOT Jalan Adi Sucipto ..........................................................230

  

DAFTAR SKEMA

  Skema 1.1 Lingkup Pembahasan Proyek terkait Solusi Arsitektural pada Teater ...5 Skema 1.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisis .........................................................7 Skema 1.3 Kerangka Pemikiran Metode Induktif ....................................................8 Skema 1.4 Kerangka Pemikiran Metode Deduktif ...................................................9 Skema 1.5 Alur Pikir ................................................................................................12 Skema 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola Kompleks Teater Kesenian ...................39 Skema 3.1 Pola Kegiatan Datang ...........................................................................77 Skema 3.2 Pola Kegiatan Pulang ............................................................................77 Skema 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung ....................................................................78 Skema 3.4 Pola Kegiatan Pengelola .......................................................................78 Skema 3.5 Pola Kegiatan Penyaji ...........................................................................79 Skema 3.6 Pembagian Sesi dalam Satu Pertunjukan .............................................82 Skema 3.6 Sirkulasi Ruang Makro ..........................................................................104 Skema 3.7 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Kantor Pengelola ...............................................105 Skema 3.8 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Area Pelatihan ...................................................105 Skema 3.9 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Area Pertunjukan ...............................................106 Skema 3.10 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Perpustakaan ..................................................107 Skema 3.11 Jaringan Air Bersih ..............................................................................156 Skema 3.12 Jaringan Air Kotor ...............................................................................158 Skema 3.13 Jaringan Listrik ....................................................................................158 Skema 3.14 Jaringan Mekanikal Panggung ............................................................158 Skema 3.15 Jaringan Fiber Optik ............................................................................159

  Skema 4.1 Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................................................213 Skema 4.2 Jaringan Air Kotor .................................................................................215 Skema 4.3 Jaringan Listrik ......................................................................................215 Skema 4.4 Jaringan Mekanikal Panggung ..............................................................215 Skema 4.5 Jaringan Fiber Optik ..............................................................................216

  

DAFTAR DIAGRAM

  Diagram 3.1 Data Wisatawan Domestik Kota Surakarta .........................................80 Diagram 3.2 Data Wisatawan Mancanegara kota Surakarta ...................................80 Diagram 3.3 Total Wisatawan Domestik dan Mancanegara kota Surakarta ...........81