DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aktivitas Antibakteri Dan Bioautografi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae Dan Staphylococcus epidermidis.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akiyama, H., Fujji, K., Yamasaki, O., Oono, T., Iwatsuki, K., 2001, Antibacterial
Action of Several Tannins Against Staphylococcus aureus, Journal of
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48, 4, 487-491.
Anonim, 1986, Sediaan Galenik, 2-3, Jakarta, Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Anonim, 1993, Dasar-dasar Pemeriksaan Mikrobiologi, Yogyakarta, Gadjah
Mada University Press.
Anonim, 2000, Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat, 1, 3, Jakarta,
Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Departemen
Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Anonim, 2004, Gaviola Monograph, Raintree Nutrition, Inc., Nevada, (online),
(http://www.rain-tree.com/graviola.pdf diakses tanggal 11 Juni 2010).
Anonima,
2011,
Staphylococcus
epidermidis,
(online),
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=In
fo&id=1282&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock
diakses
tanggal 16 September 2011).
Anonimb, 2011, Differential Media : KIA and MIO,
(online),
(http://www.jlindquist.net/generalmicro/dfmultinf.html diakses tanggal 29
Oktober 2011).
Anonimc, 2011, MIO Medium (Motility-Indole-Ornithine) for differentiation of
Enterobacteriaceae, (online), (http://www.condalab.com/pdf/1510.pdf
diakses tanggal 31 Oktober 2011).
Anonimd,
2011,
Petunjuk
Mikro,
(online),
(http://
file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPMIPA/JUR.../petunjuk_mikro.pdf diakses tanggal
15 November 2011).
Bagus, N. I. G., 1994, Telaah Fitokimia Akar Sirsak (Annona muricata L.,
30
Annonaceae), Laporan Penelitian Tanaman Obat, Bandung, Jurusan
Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut
Teknologi Bandung.
Batubara dan Priyanto, L., 2008, Farmakologi Dasar, Depok, Leskonfi.
Backer, C. A. and van den Brink, R. C. B., 1965, Flora of Java: Spermatophytes
only Volume I, N. V. P. Noodhoft-Groningen-The Netherlands, 116.
29
Békro, J. A. M., Konan, K. M., Alain, Y., Gabin, M., Bi, D., Bi, T. J. Z., Mambo,
V., and Boua, B. B., 2008, Phytocompounds of the Extracts of Four
Medical Plants of Côte D’ivoire and Assesment of their Potential
Antioxidant by Thin Layer Chromatogaphy, European Journal of
Scientific Research, 24, 2, 219-228.
Brisse, S., Fevre, C., Passer, V., Jeanjeanz, S. I., Tournebize, R., Diancourt, L.,
and Grimont, P., 2009, Virulent Clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Identification and Evolutionary Scenario Based on Genomic and
Phenotypic Charaterization, Plos One, 4.
Cronquist, A., 1981, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants,
New York, Columbia University Press, 477.
Cwala Z., Igbinosa E. O., and Okoh A. I, 2011, Assessment of Antibiotics
Production Potential in Four Actinomycetes Isolated from Aquatic
Environments of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, African
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5, 2, 118-124.
Danan,
C.
R.,
2011,
Klebsiella
pneumoniae,
(online),
(http://mikrobia.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/cornelius-danan-r078114100.pdf, diakses tanggal 26 Februari 2011).
Dickey, P., 2011, Antimicrobial Products : Who Needs Them?, Alternatives,
Washington Toxics Coalition Fact Sheet.
Djide, M. N., 2003, Mikrobiologi Farmasi, Makassar, Jurusan Farmasi UNHAS.
Dzulkarnain, B. dan Wahjoedi, B., 1996, Informasi Ilmiah Kegunaan Kosmetika
Traditional, Jakarta, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Farmasi Badan
Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Fitzpatrick, P., Humphreys, H., and O'Gara, J. P., 2005, The Genetics of
Staphylococcal Biofilm Formation—will a Greater Understanding of
Pathogenesis Lead to Better Management of Device-Related Infection?,
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11, 967–973.
31
Gbeassor, M., Kedjagni, A. Y., Koumaglo, K., de souza, C., Agbo, K., Aklikokou,
K., and Amegbo, K. A., 2006, In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Six
Medical Plants, Phytotherapy Research, 4, 115-117.
Gritter, H. J., Bobbit J. M., dan Schwarting, A. E., 1991, Pengantar
Kromatografi, diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K., Cetakan II, 1-3, 1417, Bandung, Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Hariana, A., 2006, Tanaman Obat dan Khasiatnya Seri 3, Jakarta, Penebar
Swadaya.
Hertiani T., Palupi, I. S., Sanliferianti, Nurwindasari, H. D., 2003, Uji Potensi
Antimikroba
terhadap S. aureus, E. coli, Shigella dysentriae, dan
Candida albicans dari Beberapa Tanaman Obat Tradisional untuk
Penyakit Infeksi, Pharmacon, 4, 2.
Ideasanti, Soetarno, S., Kusmardiyani, S., 1995, Telaah Senyawa Fenolik Daun
Sirsak Annona muricata L., Annonaceae, Skripsi, Bandung, Departemen
Farmasi, Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Isaacs, D. dan Australasian Study for Neonatal Infections, 2003, A Ten Year,
Multicenter Study of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcal Infections in
Australasian Neonatal Units, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal, 2, 89-93.
Kosworo, 2012, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Fraksi Polar Ekstrak
Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae
dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Skripsi, Surakarta, Fakultas Farmasi,
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Lehman, D., 2010, Triple Sugar Iron Agar Protocls, American Society for
Microbiology.
Loureiro, M. M., Moraes, B. A., Furtado, V. L., Quadra, M. R. R., Pinheiro, G. S.,
and Asensi, M. D., 2001, Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum
β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Neonatal
Intensive Care Unit Patient Involved in Hospital Infection Cases in Rio de
Janerio Brazil, Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia, 43, 2, 88-95.
Mack, D., Davies, A., Harris, L., Rohde, H., Horstkotte, M., and Knobloch, J.,
2006, Microbial Interactions in Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm,
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemisty, 387, 399-400.
Melzig, M. F., Bader, G., and Loose, R., 2001, Investigations of the Mechanism
of Membrane Activity of Selected Triterpenoid Saponins, Thieme Journal,
Planta Med, 67, 1, 43-48.
Octavia, L, 2003, Uji Antibakteri, Penentuan Kadar Vitamin C, dan Gula Total
Pada Buah Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.), Skripsi, Bogor, Jurusan Kimia,
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Podschun, R., and Ullmann, U., 1998, Klebsiella spp. as Nosocomial Pathogens,
Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors,
American Society for Microbiology, 11, 4, 589-603.
Prachi, P., Saraswathy., Vora., and Savai., 2010, In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity
and Phytochemical Analysis of The Leaves of Annona muricata,
International Journal of Pharma Research and Development, 2, 5, 1-6.
Presterl, E., Suchomel, M., Eder, M., Reichmann, S., Lassnigg, A., Graninger, W.,
and Rotter, M., 2007, Effect of Alcohols, Povidone-Iodine and Hydrogen
Peroxide on Biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Journal of
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 60, 417-420.
Santosa, C. M., Hertiani, T., 2005, Kandungan Senyawa Kimia dan Efek Ekstrak
Air Daun Bangun-Bangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) Pada Aktivitas
Fagositosis Netrofil Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus), Majalah Farmasi
Indonesia, 16, 3, 141-148.
Saputro, H. P. W., 2012, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Fraksi semipolar
Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella
pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Skripsi, Surakarta, Fakultas
Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Septianingrum, R. U. D., 2012, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Fraksi
nonpolar Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap
Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Skripsi,
Surakarta, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Setiabudy, R., dan Gan, V. H. S., 1995, Pengantar Antimikroba dan Farmakologi
dan Terapi, Edisi IV, 571-572, Jakarta, Bagian Farmakologi FKUI.
Stahl, E., 1985, Analisis Obat Secara Kromatografi dan Mikroskopi, Bandung,
Penerbit ITB.
Sujudi, Syahrurachman, A., Chatim, A., Soebandrio, A. W. K., Karuniawati, A.,
Santoso, A. U. S., Harun, B. M. H., Bela, B., Soemarsono, F., Rahim, A.,
Karsinah, Isjah, L., Moehario, L. H., Mardiastuti, H. W., Lintong, M.,
Triyatni, M. R., Asmono, N., Sudarmono, P., Sastrosoewignjo, R. I., Utji,
R., Sardjito, R., Josodiwondo, S., Suharto, Sumaatmadja, S., Sujudi,
Assani, S., Hutabarat, T., Sudiro, T. M., dan Warsa, U. C., 1993, Buku
Ajar Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Edisi Revisi, Jakarta, Binarupa Aksara.
Surbakti, R., 1994, Studi Perbandingan Makroskopik, Mikroskopik Organoleptik
dan Kandungan Kimia dari Daun Annona muricata L., Annona reticulata
L., Annona squamosa L., Laporan Penelitian Tanaman Obat, Surabaya,
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Airlangga.
Taylor, L., 2002, Herbal Secrets of the Raintforest, Second Ed., Sage Press, Inc.
Tenover, F. C., 2006, Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria, The
American Journal of Medicine, 119, 6A, 3-10.
Vieira, G. H. E., Mourao, J. A., Angelo, A. M. Costa., R. A., and Vieira R. H. S.
E., 2010, Antibacterial Effect (in vitro) of Moringa oleifera and Annona
muricata Againts Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria, Revista do
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 52, 3, 129-132.
Wagner, H., and Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analysis: A Thin Layer
Chromatography Atlas, Second Ed., 350.
Westh, H., Zinn, C. S., Rosdahl, V. T., 2004, An International Multicenter Study
of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Isolates From 15 Hospitals in 14 Countries, Microb Drug Resist, 10, 169176.
Akiyama, H., Fujji, K., Yamasaki, O., Oono, T., Iwatsuki, K., 2001, Antibacterial
Action of Several Tannins Against Staphylococcus aureus, Journal of
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48, 4, 487-491.
Anonim, 1986, Sediaan Galenik, 2-3, Jakarta, Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Anonim, 1993, Dasar-dasar Pemeriksaan Mikrobiologi, Yogyakarta, Gadjah
Mada University Press.
Anonim, 2000, Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat, 1, 3, Jakarta,
Direktorat Jendral Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Departemen
Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Anonim, 2004, Gaviola Monograph, Raintree Nutrition, Inc., Nevada, (online),
(http://www.rain-tree.com/graviola.pdf diakses tanggal 11 Juni 2010).
Anonima,
2011,
Staphylococcus
epidermidis,
(online),
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=In
fo&id=1282&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock
diakses
tanggal 16 September 2011).
Anonimb, 2011, Differential Media : KIA and MIO,
(online),
(http://www.jlindquist.net/generalmicro/dfmultinf.html diakses tanggal 29
Oktober 2011).
Anonimc, 2011, MIO Medium (Motility-Indole-Ornithine) for differentiation of
Enterobacteriaceae, (online), (http://www.condalab.com/pdf/1510.pdf
diakses tanggal 31 Oktober 2011).
Anonimd,
2011,
Petunjuk
Mikro,
(online),
(http://
file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPMIPA/JUR.../petunjuk_mikro.pdf diakses tanggal
15 November 2011).
Bagus, N. I. G., 1994, Telaah Fitokimia Akar Sirsak (Annona muricata L.,
30
Annonaceae), Laporan Penelitian Tanaman Obat, Bandung, Jurusan
Farmasi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut
Teknologi Bandung.
Batubara dan Priyanto, L., 2008, Farmakologi Dasar, Depok, Leskonfi.
Backer, C. A. and van den Brink, R. C. B., 1965, Flora of Java: Spermatophytes
only Volume I, N. V. P. Noodhoft-Groningen-The Netherlands, 116.
29
Békro, J. A. M., Konan, K. M., Alain, Y., Gabin, M., Bi, D., Bi, T. J. Z., Mambo,
V., and Boua, B. B., 2008, Phytocompounds of the Extracts of Four
Medical Plants of Côte D’ivoire and Assesment of their Potential
Antioxidant by Thin Layer Chromatogaphy, European Journal of
Scientific Research, 24, 2, 219-228.
Brisse, S., Fevre, C., Passer, V., Jeanjeanz, S. I., Tournebize, R., Diancourt, L.,
and Grimont, P., 2009, Virulent Clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Identification and Evolutionary Scenario Based on Genomic and
Phenotypic Charaterization, Plos One, 4.
Cronquist, A., 1981, An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants,
New York, Columbia University Press, 477.
Cwala Z., Igbinosa E. O., and Okoh A. I, 2011, Assessment of Antibiotics
Production Potential in Four Actinomycetes Isolated from Aquatic
Environments of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, African
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5, 2, 118-124.
Danan,
C.
R.,
2011,
Klebsiella
pneumoniae,
(online),
(http://mikrobia.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/cornelius-danan-r078114100.pdf, diakses tanggal 26 Februari 2011).
Dickey, P., 2011, Antimicrobial Products : Who Needs Them?, Alternatives,
Washington Toxics Coalition Fact Sheet.
Djide, M. N., 2003, Mikrobiologi Farmasi, Makassar, Jurusan Farmasi UNHAS.
Dzulkarnain, B. dan Wahjoedi, B., 1996, Informasi Ilmiah Kegunaan Kosmetika
Traditional, Jakarta, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Farmasi Badan
Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan Republik
Indonesia.
Fitzpatrick, P., Humphreys, H., and O'Gara, J. P., 2005, The Genetics of
Staphylococcal Biofilm Formation—will a Greater Understanding of
Pathogenesis Lead to Better Management of Device-Related Infection?,
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11, 967–973.
31
Gbeassor, M., Kedjagni, A. Y., Koumaglo, K., de souza, C., Agbo, K., Aklikokou,
K., and Amegbo, K. A., 2006, In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Six
Medical Plants, Phytotherapy Research, 4, 115-117.
Gritter, H. J., Bobbit J. M., dan Schwarting, A. E., 1991, Pengantar
Kromatografi, diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K., Cetakan II, 1-3, 1417, Bandung, Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Hariana, A., 2006, Tanaman Obat dan Khasiatnya Seri 3, Jakarta, Penebar
Swadaya.
Hertiani T., Palupi, I. S., Sanliferianti, Nurwindasari, H. D., 2003, Uji Potensi
Antimikroba
terhadap S. aureus, E. coli, Shigella dysentriae, dan
Candida albicans dari Beberapa Tanaman Obat Tradisional untuk
Penyakit Infeksi, Pharmacon, 4, 2.
Ideasanti, Soetarno, S., Kusmardiyani, S., 1995, Telaah Senyawa Fenolik Daun
Sirsak Annona muricata L., Annonaceae, Skripsi, Bandung, Departemen
Farmasi, Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Isaacs, D. dan Australasian Study for Neonatal Infections, 2003, A Ten Year,
Multicenter Study of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcal Infections in
Australasian Neonatal Units, Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal, 2, 89-93.
Kosworo, 2012, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Fraksi Polar Ekstrak
Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae
dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Skripsi, Surakarta, Fakultas Farmasi,
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Lehman, D., 2010, Triple Sugar Iron Agar Protocls, American Society for
Microbiology.
Loureiro, M. M., Moraes, B. A., Furtado, V. L., Quadra, M. R. R., Pinheiro, G. S.,
and Asensi, M. D., 2001, Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum
β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Neonatal
Intensive Care Unit Patient Involved in Hospital Infection Cases in Rio de
Janerio Brazil, Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia, 43, 2, 88-95.
Mack, D., Davies, A., Harris, L., Rohde, H., Horstkotte, M., and Knobloch, J.,
2006, Microbial Interactions in Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm,
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemisty, 387, 399-400.
Melzig, M. F., Bader, G., and Loose, R., 2001, Investigations of the Mechanism
of Membrane Activity of Selected Triterpenoid Saponins, Thieme Journal,
Planta Med, 67, 1, 43-48.
Octavia, L, 2003, Uji Antibakteri, Penentuan Kadar Vitamin C, dan Gula Total
Pada Buah Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.), Skripsi, Bogor, Jurusan Kimia,
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Podschun, R., and Ullmann, U., 1998, Klebsiella spp. as Nosocomial Pathogens,
Epidemiology, Taxonomy, Typing Methods, and Pathogenicity Factors,
American Society for Microbiology, 11, 4, 589-603.
Prachi, P., Saraswathy., Vora., and Savai., 2010, In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity
and Phytochemical Analysis of The Leaves of Annona muricata,
International Journal of Pharma Research and Development, 2, 5, 1-6.
Presterl, E., Suchomel, M., Eder, M., Reichmann, S., Lassnigg, A., Graninger, W.,
and Rotter, M., 2007, Effect of Alcohols, Povidone-Iodine and Hydrogen
Peroxide on Biofilm of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Journal of
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 60, 417-420.
Santosa, C. M., Hertiani, T., 2005, Kandungan Senyawa Kimia dan Efek Ekstrak
Air Daun Bangun-Bangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) Pada Aktivitas
Fagositosis Netrofil Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus), Majalah Farmasi
Indonesia, 16, 3, 141-148.
Saputro, H. P. W., 2012, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Fraksi semipolar
Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella
pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Skripsi, Surakarta, Fakultas
Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Septianingrum, R. U. D., 2012, Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Fraksi
nonpolar Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap
Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Skripsi,
Surakarta, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Setiabudy, R., dan Gan, V. H. S., 1995, Pengantar Antimikroba dan Farmakologi
dan Terapi, Edisi IV, 571-572, Jakarta, Bagian Farmakologi FKUI.
Stahl, E., 1985, Analisis Obat Secara Kromatografi dan Mikroskopi, Bandung,
Penerbit ITB.
Sujudi, Syahrurachman, A., Chatim, A., Soebandrio, A. W. K., Karuniawati, A.,
Santoso, A. U. S., Harun, B. M. H., Bela, B., Soemarsono, F., Rahim, A.,
Karsinah, Isjah, L., Moehario, L. H., Mardiastuti, H. W., Lintong, M.,
Triyatni, M. R., Asmono, N., Sudarmono, P., Sastrosoewignjo, R. I., Utji,
R., Sardjito, R., Josodiwondo, S., Suharto, Sumaatmadja, S., Sujudi,
Assani, S., Hutabarat, T., Sudiro, T. M., dan Warsa, U. C., 1993, Buku
Ajar Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Edisi Revisi, Jakarta, Binarupa Aksara.
Surbakti, R., 1994, Studi Perbandingan Makroskopik, Mikroskopik Organoleptik
dan Kandungan Kimia dari Daun Annona muricata L., Annona reticulata
L., Annona squamosa L., Laporan Penelitian Tanaman Obat, Surabaya,
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Airlangga.
Taylor, L., 2002, Herbal Secrets of the Raintforest, Second Ed., Sage Press, Inc.
Tenover, F. C., 2006, Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria, The
American Journal of Medicine, 119, 6A, 3-10.
Vieira, G. H. E., Mourao, J. A., Angelo, A. M. Costa., R. A., and Vieira R. H. S.
E., 2010, Antibacterial Effect (in vitro) of Moringa oleifera and Annona
muricata Againts Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria, Revista do
Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 52, 3, 129-132.
Wagner, H., and Bladt, S., 1996, Plant Drug Analysis: A Thin Layer
Chromatography Atlas, Second Ed., 350.
Westh, H., Zinn, C. S., Rosdahl, V. T., 2004, An International Multicenter Study
of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Isolates From 15 Hospitals in 14 Countries, Microb Drug Resist, 10, 169176.