THE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN NARUTO’S COMIC SCRIPT.
THE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN NARUTO’S
COMIC SCRIPT
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED Medan
In Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
M. AFDILLAH DAMANIK
Registration Number 2103220025
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, the writer express her best gratitude to Allah SWT, for
giving the writer blessing, endless love and mercy, especially in the process of
accomplishing this thesis. In accomplishing this thesis, the writer was helped by
so many beloved people and the writer would like to express her gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si. the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. the Head of English and Literature
Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A. the Head of Applied Linguistics Program.
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd his Thesis Adviser, for the advice,
guidance, comment, and precious time in supervising the draft of writing
during the completion of this thesis.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum. his Academic Adviser, and all her
beloved lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised and
guided the writer during academic year.
His beloved family, his father, Miswan Damanik; his mother, Tarmini,
thank you for the understanding and the big support in prayer, love,
motivation and financial while accomplished this thesis.
His beloved sister, Junita Inda Sari Damanik, thank you for your support,
pray and love.
His best friend, Nanda Chairunnisa, thank you for your love, time,
motivation and happiness while accomplished this thesis.
His beloved friends in Elite Fc and Bio 2010, thanks for your support,
happiness, and friendship. His special thanks also go to all friends in Applied.
Linguistics A and B 2010, and many others that he cannot be mentioned one
by one.
His senior friend, Adhy Kurnia Putra, thanks for giving the writer
references and support while accomplished this thesis.
ii
Mam Eis, thanks for helping the writer to complete the administration during
the process of writing this thesis.
All others whose name cannot be mentioned one by one for their help and
support. Thanks for everything. May Allah bless us. Amin.
Finally, the writer admits that this thesis still far from being perfect.
Therefore, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestion for the
improvement of this thesis later on.
Medan, Juni 2014
The writer
M. Afdillah Damanik
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...............................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
i
ii
iv
vi
vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................
A. The Background of the Study ...................................................................
B. The Problems of the Study ........................................................................
C. The Scope of the Study .............................................................................
D. The Objectives of the Study ......................................................................
E. The Significance of the study ...................................................................
1
1
4
5
5
6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................
A. Pragmatics .................................................................................................
B. Speech Act ................................................................................................
1. Locutionary Act ....................................................................................
2. Illocutionary Act ..................................................................................
3. Perlocutionary Act ................................................................................
C. Types of Illocutionary Act ........................................................................
1. Declarative ...........................................................................................
2. Representative ......................................................................................
3. Expressive ............................................................................................
4. Directive ...............................................................................................
5. Commissive ..........................................................................................
D. Literature ...................................................................................................
1. Prose .....................................................................................................
a. Comic ..............................................................................................
E. Naruto .......................................................................................................
F. The Author’s Biography ...........................................................................
G. Relevant studies ........................................................................................
7
7
9
10
11
12
12
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
21
24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
A. Research Design ........................................................................................
B. The Sources of Data ..................................................................................
1. Data ......................................................................................................
2. The Source of Data ...............................................................................
C. Technique of Collecting Data ...................................................................
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDING AND DISCUSSION .......
A. The Analysis of Data ................................................................................
B. Research Finding ......................................................................................
C. Discussion .................................................................................................
29
29
47
48
iv
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
A. Conclusion ................................................................................................
B. Suggestion .................................................................................................
51
51
52
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
53
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
Page
The Total Number and Percentage of Illocutionary Acts .......................
The Total of Illocutionary Acts in Each Chapter of Naruto Comic ........
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 495 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 496 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 497 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 498 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 499 ........................
vi
29
32
33
37
39
42
44
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A The Analysis of illocutionary acts of Naruto’s
utterances to his addressees in comic Naruto ......................
Appendix B Naruto comic chapter 495-499 ............................................
vi
55
62
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
Language is the most important aspect in the life of all human beings. We
use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and
needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture. People use language
not only to exchange sounds, words, or sentences to another. But also bring
meaning because language is meaningful. When meaning is conveyed through
language, people use language to interact and establish relations to influence their
behavior and to express their experience to the world.
Languages can be exposed into two ways, namely written language and
spoken language. Written language can be found in novel, newspaper, poetry,
comic, etc, while spoken language can be found in speech, dialogue, song, etc.
Nowadays, comic become very popular in society. People enjoy comic not
only as an entertainment, but also as a media in transferring information and
culture. Comic itself is a visual medium used to express ideas via images, often
combined with text or visual information. The text in comic indicates the
dialogue, narration and other information.
It is interesting to be observed because comic cannot be separated with the
using of Speech Act. Most of the text in comic is the utterances which is the main
point of Speech Act. There are many utterances in comic relate to speech act
include illocutionary act. But sometimes the readers do not know about it
1
2
and consequently they will miss and cannot understand the whole story of the
comic.
In comic the utterances occur when one character interact and
communicate with other character in a conversation. As the process of transferring
information from sender to receiver, communication becomes important thing in
comic.By those communications we can get the idea of the writer directly. But
sometimes, we can not get the idea of the writer because there are the meanings
that implied by the utterance of character in comic that is provided by the writer.
For example in the utterance “don’t believe those guys”. This utterance contains
prohibition, in this utterance, the speaker not only give statement, but prohibit the
hearer to not believe those guys. The hearer or reader must know the implicit
meaning of the utterances to make it easier to interpret. In this case, illocutionary
acts is importantly needed.
Illocutionary act is one type of speech acts covered in pragmatic. Just as
people can perform physical acts, such as hitting a baseball, they can also perform
mental acts, such as imagining hitting a baseball. People can also perform another
kind of act simply by using language through Speech Act.
When people communicate with others, they produce Speech Act. As a
part of language, Speech Act concerns with what people say through the language
such as in meaning of the utterance. In the case of comic, when the characters in
comic communicate, the meaning of their language can be in semantics and
pragmatics. So, the language can be analyzed based on the aim and meaning of
the speaker whether it is semantics (real meaning) or pragmatics (contextual
3
meaning). That is the reason why people have to interpret the meaning of
communication or language through Speech act.
Many times in conversation people not only saying, but also forcing the
hearer to do something. As a matter of fact, sometimes, when a person delivers an
utterance or makes a statement, someone may produce three acts at the same time.
They are locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary act. Locutionary act is the
act that refers to the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic
meaning. Illocutionary act is what speaker is doing by uttering those words:
commanding, offering, promising, threatening, thanking etc. And perlocutionary
is the actual result of the locution or the effect of utterance to the address (Peccei,
1999:44).
Some say that illocutionary act is the real speech acts. One general
classification system list five types of general functions performed by Speech
Acts: declarative, representative (assertive), expressive, directive, and commissive
(Yule, 1996:53).
With those explanations above, the writer is interested in analyzing the
illocutionary acts in Naruto’s comic script. The writer wants to analyze the
illocutionary acts in Naruto’s comic script because the writer is interested to know
more about the implicit meaning and also the frequency of type of illocutionary
acts that exist in utterances when the characters did conversation. So, we can
know the relation and the reason of the hearer’s respond.It is interesting to be
observed because thewriterrealizesthatin ourdailylife,we alsoalwaysuse and
findtheSpeech Actfunction when wehave communication withothers including
4
illocutionary act, but sometimes we do not know there is the implicit meaning of
speaker’s utterances and it will lead a misunderstanding.
The writer chooses comic Naruto as source of data because Naruto comic
is one of the most popular comic in the world. Which was created by masashi
kishimoto who is one of the most famous comic writer from japan. This comic has
been sold millions copies Around the world. Naruto is one of the best-selling
manga series of all time having sold more than 126.5 million copies in Japan
alone. Serialized in Viz's Shonen Jump magazine, Naruto has become one of the
company's best-selling manga series. The English adaptation of the series has also
appeared in the USA Today Booklist several times and volume 7 won the Quill
Award in 2006. Reviewers from the series have praised the balance between
fighting and comedy scenes, as well as the characters' personalities, but have
criticized it for using standard shōnen plot elements. Naruto comic also has
transferred into movie in television program in japan. It becomes one of
entertainment program that has high rating in japan.
B. Problems of the study
Based on the explanation above, the researcher has three things that will
bediscussed fartherthrough the research, they are questions:
1. What types of illocutionary acts are found in Naruto’s utterances to his
addresses in comic?
2. Which is the most dominant type of illocutionary acts produced by Naruto
to his addresses in comic?
3. Why is it dominantly used in comic Naruto?
5
C. Scope of The Study
In this research, the scope of study is limited to the types of illocutionary
acts as found in the utterances of Naruto to his addresses in comic base on
Searle’s theory (representative (assertive), directive, commisive, expressive, and
declarative). The source of data has been taken from comic entitle Naruto. The
writer takes five chapters of Naruto’s comic script among at all of its chapter and
concentrate on :Dark Naruto destroyed (chapter 495), Reunion with the kyubi
(chapter 496), Kyubi vs Naruto (chapter 497), Mom’s red hair (chapter 498),and A
new seal (chapter 499).
D. Objectives of the study
Related to the problems of the study formulated above, the objectives of
the study are:
1. to find out the types of illocutionary acts in Naruto’s utterances to his
addresses in comic
2. to find out the most dominant type of illocutionary acts in Naruto’s
utterances to his addresses in comic
3. to describe the reason why the type is dominantly occurs in comic Naruto
E. Significances of The Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful for:
1. The students and those who would like to understand more about the
illocutionary acts.
6
2. The teachers as a teaching material to be used in an understanding the
meaning of utterances of illocutionary act in comic conversation.
3. The fans of comic as information and knowledge to know more about the
application of illocutionary acts in conversation in comic and what is
behind the utterance of the characters in comic.
4. The other researchers as references and guidance in doing further research
related to the use of illocutionary act.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, this study comes to the findings that found the
five types of illocutionary acts used in Naruto’s utterances. They are
Representatives, Directives, Commisives, Declaratives, and Expressives. Then it
is found that the most dominant types of illocutionary acts used by Naruto is
“Representatives” And the least dominant types of illocutionary acts used by
Naruto is “Declaratives”. It is happened because Naruto as main character gave
more statements and information about his believes and the facts of the situation
in the story. He often represented his believes about what happens to be the case
of the conversation with others characters in the story. He also described himself
and the situation of the story. That is why he used Representative utterances the
most. And Naruto almost never changed the status of someone or ownership of
something in the story. That is why he used Declarative the least.
Then based on the finding, this thesis discussions found that if someone
wanted to describe about the characters and facts of the situation in the story and
make someone realize something by seeing it in the different side, they usually
use representatives.
It had proved by the comic analyzed in this thesis and
previous researcher.
The context where representative usually occurred was when Naruto gave
statement, information and description about what happened with Naruto and
others characters and the situation of the story.
51
52
B. Suggestion
By considering the conclusions above, there are some suggestions offered:
1. The readers who want to conduct futher research in illocutionary acts
especially in adventure comic is suggested to understand the story and
important role in interpreting utterances to get the intended meaning. It’s
not difficult to know the intended meaning of the utterances if a person
knows the story. On this research, the writer knows the story by looking
the pictures and reading the speech in the balloons.
2. Besides the students, everyone is also important to study the types of
illocutionary acts, because by understanding this material, it would be
easier for them to understand why and for what purpose someone produces
an utterance.
3. For other researchers who want to have clearer vision of the types of
illocutionary acts application in society or for those who want to make
further research about the use of illocutionary acts in society may have this
thesis as a reference.
REFERENCES
Alston, W. 2001.Illocutionary Acts and Sentence Meaning.Cornell University
Press: Ithaca and London 2000
Austin, J.L (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. Revised second edition, 1975.
Creswell,John W.2007.Qualitative InquiryResearch Design:Choosing among five
approaches. California:Sage Publications.
Finch, G. 2000.Linguistics Terms and Concepts. London: Macmillan Press
Hurford, J & Heasley, B. 1983.Semantics: a Coursebook. Cambridge University
Press
Ilyas, S & Khushi, Q. 2012.Facebook status update: A Speech Act analysis
Fatima Jinnah Woman University.
Leech, G. 1983. Principles of pragmatics.London : Longman
Levinson, Steven.C.1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: University Press
Ownie, Sri J. 2012. Pragmatics.State University of Medan
Peccei, Jean Stilwell. 1992. Pragmatics. New York: Routledge.
Petrey, S. 1990. Speech Acts and Literary Theory. Great Britain: Routledge New
York, London
Rozik, Elly. 1993. Categorization of Speech Act in play and performance
analysis.
Searle, J. 1976. A Classification of Illocutionary Acts.Cambridge Unniversity
Press
Stoll, Pamela. 1996. Speech Acts and Conversation: The Interactional
Development OfSpeech Act Theory. BIBLID [1133-682X (195-1996) 3-4,
465-475.]
Shannon, G. E. 1978. Journalist and Mass Media.Home Page. London:Prentice
Hall.
Yule, G. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
53
54
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics (accessed on January 6, 2014)
http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics (accessed on January 6, 2014)
http://en.www.mccsc.edu/~kmcglaun/comicbk/what.htm (accessed on January 6,
2014)
http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/locutionaryactterm.htm (accessed on january 6,
2014)
http://hantoro-hsp.blogspot.com/2008/09/violated-maxims-and-illocutionaryact_17.html (accessed on January 26, 2014)
COMIC SCRIPT
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED Medan
In Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
By:
M. AFDILLAH DAMANIK
Registration Number 2103220025
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, the writer express her best gratitude to Allah SWT, for
giving the writer blessing, endless love and mercy, especially in the process of
accomplishing this thesis. In accomplishing this thesis, the writer was helped by
so many beloved people and the writer would like to express her gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si. the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum. the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd. the Head of English and Literature
Department.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A. the Head of Applied Linguistics Program.
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd his Thesis Adviser, for the advice,
guidance, comment, and precious time in supervising the draft of writing
during the completion of this thesis.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum. his Academic Adviser, and all her
beloved lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised and
guided the writer during academic year.
His beloved family, his father, Miswan Damanik; his mother, Tarmini,
thank you for the understanding and the big support in prayer, love,
motivation and financial while accomplished this thesis.
His beloved sister, Junita Inda Sari Damanik, thank you for your support,
pray and love.
His best friend, Nanda Chairunnisa, thank you for your love, time,
motivation and happiness while accomplished this thesis.
His beloved friends in Elite Fc and Bio 2010, thanks for your support,
happiness, and friendship. His special thanks also go to all friends in Applied.
Linguistics A and B 2010, and many others that he cannot be mentioned one
by one.
His senior friend, Adhy Kurnia Putra, thanks for giving the writer
references and support while accomplished this thesis.
ii
Mam Eis, thanks for helping the writer to complete the administration during
the process of writing this thesis.
All others whose name cannot be mentioned one by one for their help and
support. Thanks for everything. May Allah bless us. Amin.
Finally, the writer admits that this thesis still far from being perfect.
Therefore, the writer would like to invite the readers to give suggestion for the
improvement of this thesis later on.
Medan, Juni 2014
The writer
M. Afdillah Damanik
iii
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...............................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................
LIST OF TABLE ...........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
i
ii
iv
vi
vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................
A. The Background of the Study ...................................................................
B. The Problems of the Study ........................................................................
C. The Scope of the Study .............................................................................
D. The Objectives of the Study ......................................................................
E. The Significance of the study ...................................................................
1
1
4
5
5
6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................
A. Pragmatics .................................................................................................
B. Speech Act ................................................................................................
1. Locutionary Act ....................................................................................
2. Illocutionary Act ..................................................................................
3. Perlocutionary Act ................................................................................
C. Types of Illocutionary Act ........................................................................
1. Declarative ...........................................................................................
2. Representative ......................................................................................
3. Expressive ............................................................................................
4. Directive ...............................................................................................
5. Commissive ..........................................................................................
D. Literature ...................................................................................................
1. Prose .....................................................................................................
a. Comic ..............................................................................................
E. Naruto .......................................................................................................
F. The Author’s Biography ...........................................................................
G. Relevant studies ........................................................................................
7
7
9
10
11
12
12
12
13
14
15
16
17
17
18
19
21
24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD .....................................................
A. Research Design ........................................................................................
B. The Sources of Data ..................................................................................
1. Data ......................................................................................................
2. The Source of Data ...............................................................................
C. Technique of Collecting Data ...................................................................
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................
26
26
27
27
27
27
27
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDING AND DISCUSSION .......
A. The Analysis of Data ................................................................................
B. Research Finding ......................................................................................
C. Discussion .................................................................................................
29
29
47
48
iv
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
A. Conclusion ................................................................................................
B. Suggestion .................................................................................................
51
51
52
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................
53
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
Page
The Total Number and Percentage of Illocutionary Acts .......................
The Total of Illocutionary Acts in Each Chapter of Naruto Comic ........
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 495 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 496 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 497 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 498 ........................
Total Illocutionary Acts Used by Naruto in chapter 499 ........................
vi
29
32
33
37
39
42
44
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A The Analysis of illocutionary acts of Naruto’s
utterances to his addressees in comic Naruto ......................
Appendix B Naruto comic chapter 495-499 ............................................
vi
55
62
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study
Language is the most important aspect in the life of all human beings. We
use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and
abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and
needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture. People use language
not only to exchange sounds, words, or sentences to another. But also bring
meaning because language is meaningful. When meaning is conveyed through
language, people use language to interact and establish relations to influence their
behavior and to express their experience to the world.
Languages can be exposed into two ways, namely written language and
spoken language. Written language can be found in novel, newspaper, poetry,
comic, etc, while spoken language can be found in speech, dialogue, song, etc.
Nowadays, comic become very popular in society. People enjoy comic not
only as an entertainment, but also as a media in transferring information and
culture. Comic itself is a visual medium used to express ideas via images, often
combined with text or visual information. The text in comic indicates the
dialogue, narration and other information.
It is interesting to be observed because comic cannot be separated with the
using of Speech Act. Most of the text in comic is the utterances which is the main
point of Speech Act. There are many utterances in comic relate to speech act
include illocutionary act. But sometimes the readers do not know about it
1
2
and consequently they will miss and cannot understand the whole story of the
comic.
In comic the utterances occur when one character interact and
communicate with other character in a conversation. As the process of transferring
information from sender to receiver, communication becomes important thing in
comic.By those communications we can get the idea of the writer directly. But
sometimes, we can not get the idea of the writer because there are the meanings
that implied by the utterance of character in comic that is provided by the writer.
For example in the utterance “don’t believe those guys”. This utterance contains
prohibition, in this utterance, the speaker not only give statement, but prohibit the
hearer to not believe those guys. The hearer or reader must know the implicit
meaning of the utterances to make it easier to interpret. In this case, illocutionary
acts is importantly needed.
Illocutionary act is one type of speech acts covered in pragmatic. Just as
people can perform physical acts, such as hitting a baseball, they can also perform
mental acts, such as imagining hitting a baseball. People can also perform another
kind of act simply by using language through Speech Act.
When people communicate with others, they produce Speech Act. As a
part of language, Speech Act concerns with what people say through the language
such as in meaning of the utterance. In the case of comic, when the characters in
comic communicate, the meaning of their language can be in semantics and
pragmatics. So, the language can be analyzed based on the aim and meaning of
the speaker whether it is semantics (real meaning) or pragmatics (contextual
3
meaning). That is the reason why people have to interpret the meaning of
communication or language through Speech act.
Many times in conversation people not only saying, but also forcing the
hearer to do something. As a matter of fact, sometimes, when a person delivers an
utterance or makes a statement, someone may produce three acts at the same time.
They are locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary act. Locutionary act is the
act that refers to the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic
meaning. Illocutionary act is what speaker is doing by uttering those words:
commanding, offering, promising, threatening, thanking etc. And perlocutionary
is the actual result of the locution or the effect of utterance to the address (Peccei,
1999:44).
Some say that illocutionary act is the real speech acts. One general
classification system list five types of general functions performed by Speech
Acts: declarative, representative (assertive), expressive, directive, and commissive
(Yule, 1996:53).
With those explanations above, the writer is interested in analyzing the
illocutionary acts in Naruto’s comic script. The writer wants to analyze the
illocutionary acts in Naruto’s comic script because the writer is interested to know
more about the implicit meaning and also the frequency of type of illocutionary
acts that exist in utterances when the characters did conversation. So, we can
know the relation and the reason of the hearer’s respond.It is interesting to be
observed because thewriterrealizesthatin ourdailylife,we alsoalwaysuse and
findtheSpeech Actfunction when wehave communication withothers including
4
illocutionary act, but sometimes we do not know there is the implicit meaning of
speaker’s utterances and it will lead a misunderstanding.
The writer chooses comic Naruto as source of data because Naruto comic
is one of the most popular comic in the world. Which was created by masashi
kishimoto who is one of the most famous comic writer from japan. This comic has
been sold millions copies Around the world. Naruto is one of the best-selling
manga series of all time having sold more than 126.5 million copies in Japan
alone. Serialized in Viz's Shonen Jump magazine, Naruto has become one of the
company's best-selling manga series. The English adaptation of the series has also
appeared in the USA Today Booklist several times and volume 7 won the Quill
Award in 2006. Reviewers from the series have praised the balance between
fighting and comedy scenes, as well as the characters' personalities, but have
criticized it for using standard shōnen plot elements. Naruto comic also has
transferred into movie in television program in japan. It becomes one of
entertainment program that has high rating in japan.
B. Problems of the study
Based on the explanation above, the researcher has three things that will
bediscussed fartherthrough the research, they are questions:
1. What types of illocutionary acts are found in Naruto’s utterances to his
addresses in comic?
2. Which is the most dominant type of illocutionary acts produced by Naruto
to his addresses in comic?
3. Why is it dominantly used in comic Naruto?
5
C. Scope of The Study
In this research, the scope of study is limited to the types of illocutionary
acts as found in the utterances of Naruto to his addresses in comic base on
Searle’s theory (representative (assertive), directive, commisive, expressive, and
declarative). The source of data has been taken from comic entitle Naruto. The
writer takes five chapters of Naruto’s comic script among at all of its chapter and
concentrate on :Dark Naruto destroyed (chapter 495), Reunion with the kyubi
(chapter 496), Kyubi vs Naruto (chapter 497), Mom’s red hair (chapter 498),and A
new seal (chapter 499).
D. Objectives of the study
Related to the problems of the study formulated above, the objectives of
the study are:
1. to find out the types of illocutionary acts in Naruto’s utterances to his
addresses in comic
2. to find out the most dominant type of illocutionary acts in Naruto’s
utterances to his addresses in comic
3. to describe the reason why the type is dominantly occurs in comic Naruto
E. Significances of The Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful for:
1. The students and those who would like to understand more about the
illocutionary acts.
6
2. The teachers as a teaching material to be used in an understanding the
meaning of utterances of illocutionary act in comic conversation.
3. The fans of comic as information and knowledge to know more about the
application of illocutionary acts in conversation in comic and what is
behind the utterance of the characters in comic.
4. The other researchers as references and guidance in doing further research
related to the use of illocutionary act.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, this study comes to the findings that found the
five types of illocutionary acts used in Naruto’s utterances. They are
Representatives, Directives, Commisives, Declaratives, and Expressives. Then it
is found that the most dominant types of illocutionary acts used by Naruto is
“Representatives” And the least dominant types of illocutionary acts used by
Naruto is “Declaratives”. It is happened because Naruto as main character gave
more statements and information about his believes and the facts of the situation
in the story. He often represented his believes about what happens to be the case
of the conversation with others characters in the story. He also described himself
and the situation of the story. That is why he used Representative utterances the
most. And Naruto almost never changed the status of someone or ownership of
something in the story. That is why he used Declarative the least.
Then based on the finding, this thesis discussions found that if someone
wanted to describe about the characters and facts of the situation in the story and
make someone realize something by seeing it in the different side, they usually
use representatives.
It had proved by the comic analyzed in this thesis and
previous researcher.
The context where representative usually occurred was when Naruto gave
statement, information and description about what happened with Naruto and
others characters and the situation of the story.
51
52
B. Suggestion
By considering the conclusions above, there are some suggestions offered:
1. The readers who want to conduct futher research in illocutionary acts
especially in adventure comic is suggested to understand the story and
important role in interpreting utterances to get the intended meaning. It’s
not difficult to know the intended meaning of the utterances if a person
knows the story. On this research, the writer knows the story by looking
the pictures and reading the speech in the balloons.
2. Besides the students, everyone is also important to study the types of
illocutionary acts, because by understanding this material, it would be
easier for them to understand why and for what purpose someone produces
an utterance.
3. For other researchers who want to have clearer vision of the types of
illocutionary acts application in society or for those who want to make
further research about the use of illocutionary acts in society may have this
thesis as a reference.
REFERENCES
Alston, W. 2001.Illocutionary Acts and Sentence Meaning.Cornell University
Press: Ithaca and London 2000
Austin, J.L (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. Revised second edition, 1975.
Creswell,John W.2007.Qualitative InquiryResearch Design:Choosing among five
approaches. California:Sage Publications.
Finch, G. 2000.Linguistics Terms and Concepts. London: Macmillan Press
Hurford, J & Heasley, B. 1983.Semantics: a Coursebook. Cambridge University
Press
Ilyas, S & Khushi, Q. 2012.Facebook status update: A Speech Act analysis
Fatima Jinnah Woman University.
Leech, G. 1983. Principles of pragmatics.London : Longman
Levinson, Steven.C.1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: University Press
Ownie, Sri J. 2012. Pragmatics.State University of Medan
Peccei, Jean Stilwell. 1992. Pragmatics. New York: Routledge.
Petrey, S. 1990. Speech Acts and Literary Theory. Great Britain: Routledge New
York, London
Rozik, Elly. 1993. Categorization of Speech Act in play and performance
analysis.
Searle, J. 1976. A Classification of Illocutionary Acts.Cambridge Unniversity
Press
Stoll, Pamela. 1996. Speech Acts and Conversation: The Interactional
Development OfSpeech Act Theory. BIBLID [1133-682X (195-1996) 3-4,
465-475.]
Shannon, G. E. 1978. Journalist and Mass Media.Home Page. London:Prentice
Hall.
Yule, G. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
53
54
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comics (accessed on January 6, 2014)
http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics (accessed on January 6, 2014)
http://en.www.mccsc.edu/~kmcglaun/comicbk/what.htm (accessed on January 6,
2014)
http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/locutionaryactterm.htm (accessed on january 6,
2014)
http://hantoro-hsp.blogspot.com/2008/09/violated-maxims-and-illocutionaryact_17.html (accessed on January 26, 2014)