An Analysis Of The Homeless People In America Reflected In John Grisham’s Novel The Street Lawyer
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN AMERICA REFLECTED
IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
A THESIS
BY
NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
REG. NO. 100705058
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN AMERICA REFLECTED
IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
A THESIS
BY
NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
REG. NO. 100705058
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN AMERICA REFLECTED
IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
A THESIS
BY
NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
REG. NO. 100705058
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
NIP. 19570720 198303 2 001
NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday, July 12, 2014
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
……………………………….
Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum
……………………………….
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
……………………………….
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT
OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: July, 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
TITLE OF THESIS :AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN
AMERICA
REFLECTED
IN
JOHN
GRISHAM’S
NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
: July, 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah SWT. and shalawat to the great Prophet,
Muhammad SAW., who has brought us from the dark ages to the era full of
knowledge like today.
First of all, I would like to give the gratitude to Allah SWT., God of the
universe, for all the mercy and the blessing so I can complete this thesis. Allah
always be there to guide me, especially in completing this thesis.
I also thankful to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Dean of Faculty of
Cultural Studies; Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, the Head of English Department; and
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D., the Secretary of English Department. I also
would like thank to my Academic Advisor, Dr. Hj. T. Thyrhaya Zein, M.A., and all
the lecturer of English Department who have teach me during the years when study
in English Department.
I would like to give the gratitude and deepest appreciation to Dr. Siti Norma
Nasution, M.Hum., as the supervisor and Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum., as the cosupervisor for all guidance, suggestion, advice, and all the thing given to me in doing
this thesis.
My special gratitude is given to my beloved parents, H. Usman Effendy, S. E.
and Sawalnis, who have given not only financial and spiritual support, but also
motivation and all the things that I need so I did not give up and keeps trying to
complete this thesis, and also thank you for the patience and advice in educating me.
I also given the gratitude to my brothers, Muhammad Merfadhly, Muhammad
Ardhika, Muhammad Hidayani Setiawan, Muhammad Nofrian, and my sister Atika
Nistiawaty, thanks to all your love, care, and pray given to me.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Finally, I would like to thank to Alm. Bang Amran and also Bang Mistam for
all the help. I also would like thank you to my friends Fira Mauliani Shanti, Ryani
Junisha Ayulin, Julisa Masita, Khairunnisa Nst., and Vita Khairani, thank you for
being a friend for me and filled the days while studying in English Department and in
daily life, share stories and listen all of my complaints that I given to you. Thank you
for the care and motivation given to me so I can complete this thesis.
To all my classmates, Mori, Nina, Septi, Mariam, Devi, Wina, Laura, Kania,
Krista, Tami, Hetty, Apri, Elsye, Hanny, Yosi, Nurhayati, Rini, Eka, Cindy, Novita,
Gunanti, Ninis, Putri, Yudi, Aldi, Fandu, Boy, Denny, Samuel, Petrus, Dicky,
Martin, and all my friends in A & B Class in English Department. Thanks for all
moments we shared for four years in English Department. You guys are my friends.
May Allah SWT. bless us forever. Aamiin…
Medan, July 2014
Nisti Findriani Utami
Reg. No. 100705058
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Judul skripsi ini adalah An Analysis of the Homeless People in America Reflected in
John Grisham’s novel The Street Lawyer. Novel ini bercerita tentang ketidakadilan
dalam sistem hukum, dimana “kaya” dan “miskin” tidak pernah berada pada
kedudukan yang sama dan juga realitas kehidupan tunawisma di Amerika khususnya
di Washington D.C., dimana masyarakat terbagi menjadi dua golongan, yaitu mereka
yang peduli pada nasib tunawisma serta orang miskin dan mereka yang tidak peduli.
Skripsi ini menganalisis penyebab seseorang menjadi tunawisma dan akibat sesorang
menjadi tunawisma, serta sikap pemerintah dan masyarakat terhadap tunawisma.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode deskriptif
kualitatif yaitu penulis mendeskripsikan, menyelidiki, serta menganalisis data-data
yang ada yang dikumpulkan dari buku-buku di perpustakaan dan internet yang
berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori sosiologi
sastra dan strukturalisme dinamik. Sosiologi sastra adalah suatu teori yang melihat
sebuah karya sastra sebagai hasil interaksi antara penulis dan lingkungannya. Dan
strukturalisme dinamik adalah sebuah bentuk sempurna dari teori strukturalisme.
Strukturalisme dinamik adalah teori tentang unsur-unsur di dalam karya sastra yang
diaplikasikan ke dalam suatu penelitian.
Kata Kunci: Tunawisma, sebab dan akibat dari tunawisma
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The title of this thesis is An Analysis of the Homeless People in America Reflected
in John Grisham’s novel The Street Lawyer. This novel tells about injustice in legal
system, where the “haves” and “have-nots” are never on an equal footing and also
the reality of homeless life in America especially in Washington D.C., where the
society is divided into two groups, they are the people who care about the fate of
homeless and poor people and the people who do not care. This thesis analyzes about
the causes of people become homeless and the effect of people who become
homeless, also the attitude of the government and society toward homeless people.
The method that used in writing this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method that is
the writer describes, explores, and analyzes the data that collected from the books in
the library and the internet related to this study. The theory that used is sociology of
literature theory and dynamic structuralism. Sociology of literature is a theory that
sees a literary work as a result of interaction between the author and their
community. And dynamic structuralism is a perfect form of the structuralism theory.
Dynamic structuralism is a theory about the elements in literary work which is
applied in the research.
Key Word: Homeless, cause and effect of homeless
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION…………………………………………… v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION…………………………………………. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………... vii
ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………….. ix
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study……………………………………………… 1
1.2
Problem of the Study…………………………………………………... 5
1.3
Objective of the Study…………………………………………………. 5
1.4
Scope of the Study…………………………………………………….. 6
1.5
Significance of the Study……………………………………………… 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1
Intrinsic Elements in Prose…………………………………………….. 9
2.1.1Character………………………………………………………………10
2.1.2 Plot……………………………………………………………………..11
2.1.3 Point of View…………………………………………………………..12
2.1.4 Setting………………………………………………………………….13
2.1.5 Style……………………………………………………………………13
2.1.6 Theme………………………………………………………………….14
2.2
Extrinsic Elements……………………………………………………..14
2.2.1 Economic Background in America…………………………………….14
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.2 Homeless People in America………………………………………....16
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1
Research Design………………………………………………………..18
3.2
Data Collection………………………………………………………...18
3.3
Data Analysis…………………………………………………………... 19
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1
The background of homeless people………………………………… 20
4.2
The causes of people become homeless …………………………….
21
4.2.1Unemployment……………………………………………………….. 21
4.2.2Extreme poverty and the minimum wage………………………….... 22
4.2.3The lack of affordable housing……………………………………… 23
4.3
The effect of people who become homeless ……………………….
23
4.4
The attitude of government and society toward the homeless people… 27
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
Conclusion……………………………………………………………... 41
5.2
Suggestion………………………………………………………………42
REFERENCES............................................................................................... 43
APPENDICES
i. Biography of John Grisham
ii. Grisham’s Works
iii. Summary of The Street Lawyer
Universitas Sumatera Utara
IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
A THESIS
BY
NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
REG. NO. 100705058
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN AMERICA REFLECTED
IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
A THESIS
BY
NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
REG. NO. 100705058
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN AMERICA REFLECTED
IN JOHN GRISHAM’S NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
A THESIS
BY
NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
REG. NO. 100705058
SUPERVISOR
CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum
Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum
NIP. 19570720 198303 2 001
NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002
NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of
Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday, July 12, 2014
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS
……………………………….
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D.
……………………………….
Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum
……………………………….
Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum
……………………………….
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR
OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT
OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS
THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER
DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
: July, 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: NISTI FINDRIANI UTAMI
TITLE OF THESIS :AN ANALYSIS OF THE HOMELESS PEOPLE IN
AMERICA
REFLECTED
IN
JOHN
GRISHAM’S
NOVEL THE STREET LAWYER
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
: July, 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah SWT. and shalawat to the great Prophet,
Muhammad SAW., who has brought us from the dark ages to the era full of
knowledge like today.
First of all, I would like to give the gratitude to Allah SWT., God of the
universe, for all the mercy and the blessing so I can complete this thesis. Allah
always be there to guide me, especially in completing this thesis.
I also thankful to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Dean of Faculty of
Cultural Studies; Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS, the Head of English Department; and
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D., the Secretary of English Department. I also
would like thank to my Academic Advisor, Dr. Hj. T. Thyrhaya Zein, M.A., and all
the lecturer of English Department who have teach me during the years when study
in English Department.
I would like to give the gratitude and deepest appreciation to Dr. Siti Norma
Nasution, M.Hum., as the supervisor and Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum., as the cosupervisor for all guidance, suggestion, advice, and all the thing given to me in doing
this thesis.
My special gratitude is given to my beloved parents, H. Usman Effendy, S. E.
and Sawalnis, who have given not only financial and spiritual support, but also
motivation and all the things that I need so I did not give up and keeps trying to
complete this thesis, and also thank you for the patience and advice in educating me.
I also given the gratitude to my brothers, Muhammad Merfadhly, Muhammad
Ardhika, Muhammad Hidayani Setiawan, Muhammad Nofrian, and my sister Atika
Nistiawaty, thanks to all your love, care, and pray given to me.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Finally, I would like to thank to Alm. Bang Amran and also Bang Mistam for
all the help. I also would like thank you to my friends Fira Mauliani Shanti, Ryani
Junisha Ayulin, Julisa Masita, Khairunnisa Nst., and Vita Khairani, thank you for
being a friend for me and filled the days while studying in English Department and in
daily life, share stories and listen all of my complaints that I given to you. Thank you
for the care and motivation given to me so I can complete this thesis.
To all my classmates, Mori, Nina, Septi, Mariam, Devi, Wina, Laura, Kania,
Krista, Tami, Hetty, Apri, Elsye, Hanny, Yosi, Nurhayati, Rini, Eka, Cindy, Novita,
Gunanti, Ninis, Putri, Yudi, Aldi, Fandu, Boy, Denny, Samuel, Petrus, Dicky,
Martin, and all my friends in A & B Class in English Department. Thanks for all
moments we shared for four years in English Department. You guys are my friends.
May Allah SWT. bless us forever. Aamiin…
Medan, July 2014
Nisti Findriani Utami
Reg. No. 100705058
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Judul skripsi ini adalah An Analysis of the Homeless People in America Reflected in
John Grisham’s novel The Street Lawyer. Novel ini bercerita tentang ketidakadilan
dalam sistem hukum, dimana “kaya” dan “miskin” tidak pernah berada pada
kedudukan yang sama dan juga realitas kehidupan tunawisma di Amerika khususnya
di Washington D.C., dimana masyarakat terbagi menjadi dua golongan, yaitu mereka
yang peduli pada nasib tunawisma serta orang miskin dan mereka yang tidak peduli.
Skripsi ini menganalisis penyebab seseorang menjadi tunawisma dan akibat sesorang
menjadi tunawisma, serta sikap pemerintah dan masyarakat terhadap tunawisma.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah metode deskriptif
kualitatif yaitu penulis mendeskripsikan, menyelidiki, serta menganalisis data-data
yang ada yang dikumpulkan dari buku-buku di perpustakaan dan internet yang
berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori sosiologi
sastra dan strukturalisme dinamik. Sosiologi sastra adalah suatu teori yang melihat
sebuah karya sastra sebagai hasil interaksi antara penulis dan lingkungannya. Dan
strukturalisme dinamik adalah sebuah bentuk sempurna dari teori strukturalisme.
Strukturalisme dinamik adalah teori tentang unsur-unsur di dalam karya sastra yang
diaplikasikan ke dalam suatu penelitian.
Kata Kunci: Tunawisma, sebab dan akibat dari tunawisma
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The title of this thesis is An Analysis of the Homeless People in America Reflected
in John Grisham’s novel The Street Lawyer. This novel tells about injustice in legal
system, where the “haves” and “have-nots” are never on an equal footing and also
the reality of homeless life in America especially in Washington D.C., where the
society is divided into two groups, they are the people who care about the fate of
homeless and poor people and the people who do not care. This thesis analyzes about
the causes of people become homeless and the effect of people who become
homeless, also the attitude of the government and society toward homeless people.
The method that used in writing this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method that is
the writer describes, explores, and analyzes the data that collected from the books in
the library and the internet related to this study. The theory that used is sociology of
literature theory and dynamic structuralism. Sociology of literature is a theory that
sees a literary work as a result of interaction between the author and their
community. And dynamic structuralism is a perfect form of the structuralism theory.
Dynamic structuralism is a theory about the elements in literary work which is
applied in the research.
Key Word: Homeless, cause and effect of homeless
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION…………………………………………… v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION…………………………………………. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………... vii
ABSTRAK………………………………………………………………….. ix
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………... x
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study……………………………………………… 1
1.2
Problem of the Study…………………………………………………... 5
1.3
Objective of the Study…………………………………………………. 5
1.4
Scope of the Study…………………………………………………….. 6
1.5
Significance of the Study……………………………………………… 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1
Intrinsic Elements in Prose…………………………………………….. 9
2.1.1Character………………………………………………………………10
2.1.2 Plot……………………………………………………………………..11
2.1.3 Point of View…………………………………………………………..12
2.1.4 Setting………………………………………………………………….13
2.1.5 Style……………………………………………………………………13
2.1.6 Theme………………………………………………………………….14
2.2
Extrinsic Elements……………………………………………………..14
2.2.1 Economic Background in America…………………………………….14
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.2.2 Homeless People in America………………………………………....16
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1
Research Design………………………………………………………..18
3.2
Data Collection………………………………………………………...18
3.3
Data Analysis…………………………………………………………... 19
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1
The background of homeless people………………………………… 20
4.2
The causes of people become homeless …………………………….
21
4.2.1Unemployment……………………………………………………….. 21
4.2.2Extreme poverty and the minimum wage………………………….... 22
4.2.3The lack of affordable housing……………………………………… 23
4.3
The effect of people who become homeless ……………………….
23
4.4
The attitude of government and society toward the homeless people… 27
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
Conclusion……………………………………………………………... 41
5.2
Suggestion………………………………………………………………42
REFERENCES............................................................................................... 43
APPENDICES
i. Biography of John Grisham
ii. Grisham’s Works
iii. Summary of The Street Lawyer
Universitas Sumatera Utara