PROTEST AGAINST INJUSTICE REFLECTED IN JOHN GRISHAM’S Protest Against Injustice Reflected In John Grisham’s The Street Lawyer Novel (1998): A Marxist Criticism.
PROTEST AGAINST INJUSTICE REFLECTED IN JOHN GRISHAM’S
THE STREET LAWYER NOVEL (1998):
A MARXIST CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment on the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
FITRA RATNA JELITA
A 320 090 256
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan mengubah nasib suatu kaum kecuali kaum
itu sendiri yang mengubah
apa yang ada pada diri mereka.”
(QS Ar Ra’du : 11)
“Do not think of todays failures,
but of the success that may come tomorrow.”
(Helen Keller)
"What you can do, or dream you can do, begin it.
Boldness has genius, power and magic in it."
(Goethe)
“Don’t waste your time & focus with your project,
so you will find a success”
(The researcher)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved Ibuk and Bapak
My beloved brother
All my friends
People who are willing to read
this research paper
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahi robbil ‘alamin, All the praise and thanks to Allah SWT,
the almighty God for blessing to the researcher in completing the research paper
as a partial requirement of getting bachelor degree in English Department at
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The following are people who had given
the contribution and support for the researcher. So, the researcher wants to express
her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Djoko Prayitno, SE., M.Hum., as the Dean of the School
of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat H, Ph.D, as the chief of English Department in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S., as the first consultant who gave guidance,
suggestions, advices, and instruction her during the arrangement of this
research paper.
4.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the second consultant who gave
correction, guidance and suggestion in making this research paper better.
5.
All the lectures in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, who gave the important knowledge during studying in the
university.
6.
Her lovely parents, Ibu Sariyem and Bpk Wartono who always give love,
support, prayer, finance, and meaningful advice so that the researcher can
complete her researcher paper. You are my everything.
7.
Her beloved brother, Mas Fitria Nurkholis who give motivation and advices
for her in completing this research paper.
8.
Her lovely big family, especially for Iis Ayu Rukminiati and Ika Fenti
Septi Riana for the motivation, joke and togetherness.
vii
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
ix
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................
xii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION .............................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
6
C. Problem statement ........................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study .................................................
8
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
8
F.
Benefits of the Study ....................................................
8
G. Research Method ..........................................................
9
H. Research Paper Organization........................................
11
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................
12
A. Notion of Marxism ......................................................
12
B. Major Principles of Marxism .......................................
13
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
ix
13
2.
Historical Materialism ..........................................
14
3.
Class Struggle .......................................................
16
4.
Revolution ............................................................
17
5.
Alienation .............................................................
17
C. Structural Element of the Novel .................................
18
1.
Character and characterization .............................
18
2.
Setting ...................................................................
18
3.
Point of View ........................................................
19
4.
Plot ........................................................................
20
5.
Style ......................................................................
20
6.
Theme ...................................................................
22
D. Theoretical Application ..............................................
22
CHAPTER III SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN SOCIETY IN
THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY ..........................
24
A. Social Aspect ...............................................................
24
B. Economic Aspect .........................................................
28
C. Political Aspect ............................................................
29
D. Cultural Aspect ............................................................
31
E. Religious Aspect ..........................................................
34
F. Science and Technology Aspect ..................................
36
CHAPTER IV STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .............................................
39
A. Structural Element of the Novel ..................................
39
1.
Character and characterization .............................
x
39
CHAPTER V
2.
Setting ...................................................................
57
3.
Point of View ........................................................
60
4.
Plot ........................................................................
60
5.
Style ......................................................................
68
6.
Theme ...................................................................
72
B. Discussion ....................................................................
73
MARXIST ANALYSIS ....................................................
76
A. Marxist Analysis ..........................................................
76
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
77
2.
Historical Materialism ..........................................
79
3.
Class Struggle .......................................................
83
4.
Revolution ............................................................
85
5.
Alienation .............................................................
86
B. Discussion ....................................................................
88
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................
91
A. Conclusion ...................................................................
91
B. Suggestion ...................................................................
92
C. Pedagogical Implication ..............................................
93
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xi
SUMMARY
FITRA RATNA JELITA, A 320090256. PROTEST AGAINST INJUSTICE
REFLECTED IN JOHN GRISHAM’S THE STREET LAWYER NOVEL
(1998):A
MARXIST
CRITICISM.
RESEARCH
PAPER.MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2014
The major problem of this research is how protest against injustice
reflected in John Grisham’s The Street Lawyer novel. The objective of this
research is to analyze the novel based on its structural element and to analyze the
novel based on Marxist criticism.
In analyzing The Street Lawyer novel, the researcher uses descriptive
qualitative method and Marxist criticism. The data sources consist of primary data
source and secondary data source. The primary data source is The Street Lawyer
novel and the secondary data sources are taken from some books, websites, and
other literary and other matters that support this analysis. The technique of the
data collection is library research and the technique of data analysis is descriptive
analysis.
The outcomes of this research are as follows. First, based on the
structural analysis of the novel, Grisham emphasizes that the novel has close
relationship with the social condition of American society in the late of twentieth
century. Second, based on the Marxist analysis,Grisham generally wants to
describe the protest against injustice through The street lawyer.The Street lawyer
novel shows that there is disparity between the rich and poor people inthe social
condition of American society at the late of twentieth century. The poor people
often get unjust treatment from the rich people who have an authority.
Keywords: Protest against Injustice, Marxist Analysis, The Street Lawyer.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
TitisSetyabudi, S.S., M.Hum
NIK. 410
NIK. 948
Dean,
Prof. Dr. HarunDjokoPrayitno, SE.,M.Hum
NIP. 132049998
xii
THE STREET LAWYER NOVEL (1998):
A MARXIST CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment on the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
FITRA RATNA JELITA
A 320 090 256
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“Sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan mengubah nasib suatu kaum kecuali kaum
itu sendiri yang mengubah
apa yang ada pada diri mereka.”
(QS Ar Ra’du : 11)
“Do not think of todays failures,
but of the success that may come tomorrow.”
(Helen Keller)
"What you can do, or dream you can do, begin it.
Boldness has genius, power and magic in it."
(Goethe)
“Don’t waste your time & focus with your project,
so you will find a success”
(The researcher)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved Ibuk and Bapak
My beloved brother
All my friends
People who are willing to read
this research paper
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahi robbil ‘alamin, All the praise and thanks to Allah SWT,
the almighty God for blessing to the researcher in completing the research paper
as a partial requirement of getting bachelor degree in English Department at
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The following are people who had given
the contribution and support for the researcher. So, the researcher wants to express
her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Djoko Prayitno, SE., M.Hum., as the Dean of the School
of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat H, Ph.D, as the chief of English Department in
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3.
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S., as the first consultant who gave guidance,
suggestions, advices, and instruction her during the arrangement of this
research paper.
4.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the second consultant who gave
correction, guidance and suggestion in making this research paper better.
5.
All the lectures in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta, who gave the important knowledge during studying in the
university.
6.
Her lovely parents, Ibu Sariyem and Bpk Wartono who always give love,
support, prayer, finance, and meaningful advice so that the researcher can
complete her researcher paper. You are my everything.
7.
Her beloved brother, Mas Fitria Nurkholis who give motivation and advices
for her in completing this research paper.
8.
Her lovely big family, especially for Iis Ayu Rukminiati and Ika Fenti
Septi Riana for the motivation, joke and togetherness.
vii
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................
ix
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................
xii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION .............................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
6
C. Problem statement ........................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study .................................................
8
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
8
F.
Benefits of the Study ....................................................
8
G. Research Method ..........................................................
9
H. Research Paper Organization........................................
11
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................
12
A. Notion of Marxism ......................................................
12
B. Major Principles of Marxism .......................................
13
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
ix
13
2.
Historical Materialism ..........................................
14
3.
Class Struggle .......................................................
16
4.
Revolution ............................................................
17
5.
Alienation .............................................................
17
C. Structural Element of the Novel .................................
18
1.
Character and characterization .............................
18
2.
Setting ...................................................................
18
3.
Point of View ........................................................
19
4.
Plot ........................................................................
20
5.
Style ......................................................................
20
6.
Theme ...................................................................
22
D. Theoretical Application ..............................................
22
CHAPTER III SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN SOCIETY IN
THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY ..........................
24
A. Social Aspect ...............................................................
24
B. Economic Aspect .........................................................
28
C. Political Aspect ............................................................
29
D. Cultural Aspect ............................................................
31
E. Religious Aspect ..........................................................
34
F. Science and Technology Aspect ..................................
36
CHAPTER IV STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS .............................................
39
A. Structural Element of the Novel ..................................
39
1.
Character and characterization .............................
x
39
CHAPTER V
2.
Setting ...................................................................
57
3.
Point of View ........................................................
60
4.
Plot ........................................................................
60
5.
Style ......................................................................
68
6.
Theme ...................................................................
72
B. Discussion ....................................................................
73
MARXIST ANALYSIS ....................................................
76
A. Marxist Analysis ..........................................................
76
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
77
2.
Historical Materialism ..........................................
79
3.
Class Struggle .......................................................
83
4.
Revolution ............................................................
85
5.
Alienation .............................................................
86
B. Discussion ....................................................................
88
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................
91
A. Conclusion ...................................................................
91
B. Suggestion ...................................................................
92
C. Pedagogical Implication ..............................................
93
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xi
SUMMARY
FITRA RATNA JELITA, A 320090256. PROTEST AGAINST INJUSTICE
REFLECTED IN JOHN GRISHAM’S THE STREET LAWYER NOVEL
(1998):A
MARXIST
CRITICISM.
RESEARCH
PAPER.MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2014
The major problem of this research is how protest against injustice
reflected in John Grisham’s The Street Lawyer novel. The objective of this
research is to analyze the novel based on its structural element and to analyze the
novel based on Marxist criticism.
In analyzing The Street Lawyer novel, the researcher uses descriptive
qualitative method and Marxist criticism. The data sources consist of primary data
source and secondary data source. The primary data source is The Street Lawyer
novel and the secondary data sources are taken from some books, websites, and
other literary and other matters that support this analysis. The technique of the
data collection is library research and the technique of data analysis is descriptive
analysis.
The outcomes of this research are as follows. First, based on the
structural analysis of the novel, Grisham emphasizes that the novel has close
relationship with the social condition of American society in the late of twentieth
century. Second, based on the Marxist analysis,Grisham generally wants to
describe the protest against injustice through The street lawyer.The Street lawyer
novel shows that there is disparity between the rich and poor people inthe social
condition of American society at the late of twentieth century. The poor people
often get unjust treatment from the rich people who have an authority.
Keywords: Protest against Injustice, Marxist Analysis, The Street Lawyer.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
TitisSetyabudi, S.S., M.Hum
NIK. 410
NIK. 948
Dean,
Prof. Dr. HarunDjokoPrayitno, SE.,M.Hum
NIP. 132049998
xii