Analisa Kegagalan Tube Superheater Package Boiler Akibat Overheating
DAFTAR KEPUSTAKAAN
[1]
PT PIM harus tetap berada di Lhokseumawe. http://www.pim.co.id/. diakses tanggal
29 April 2011.
[2]
Kepala Departemen Pemeliharaan PT PIM. 2011. Presentasi Rencana Kerja
Departemen Pemeliharaan tahun 2011. Lhokseumawe.
[3]
Port D. Robert., Herro M. Harvey., The Nalco Guide to Boiler Failure Analysis,
Nalco Chemical Company, New York, McGraw Hill Inc, 1991.
[4]
Sukandar., Analisa Kerusakan Pipa Boiler Feed Water (BFW) pada Ujung
Saluran Injektor Inhibitor, Laporan Tesis, Magister Teknik Mesin FT-UI,
2002.
[5] Thermal Energy Equipment: Boilers & Thermic Fluid Heaters Energy
Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia. www.energyefficiencyasia.org. diakses
tanggal 20 April 2011.
[6]
Kaufman Myron, Principles of Thermodinamics, New York, Marcel Dekker
Inc, 2001.
[7]
Doe Fundamentals Handbook Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, And Fluid
Flow Volume 1 Of 3 U.S. Department Of Energy FSC-6910 Washington
June 1992.
[8]
Harry M. Spring, Boiler Operation’s Guide, new York, McGraw-Hill, 1968.
[9]
Oland. C.B.,Guide to Low Emission Boiler and Combustion Equipment
Selection, Tennessee, US Departement of Energy, April 2002.
[10] V. Ramachandran, A.C. Raghuram,R.V. Krishnan, and S.K. Bhaumik, Failure
Analysisof Engineering Structures Methodology andCase Histories, ASM
International Materials Park, Ohio, 2005.
[11] Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2003.09.020. 2003. Methodologies for
Failure Analysis: A critical Survey. Reduce Future Boiler Tube Failure.
Paulo M.S.T. de Castro, A.A. Fernandes. http://www.sciendirect.com.
[12] Thielsch Helmut, Defect and Failures in Pressure vessel and piping, Florida
Robert E Krieger Publishing Co, Inc, 1997.
92
Universitas Sumatera Utara
93
[13] Structural Integrity Associates, Inc. 2008. Experts in The Prevention and
Control of Structural and Mechanical Failures. www.structint.com. diakses
tanggal 20 Desember 2011.
[14] David N. French., Metallurgical Failures in Fossil Fired Boilers, New York,
John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1993.
[15] Babcock &Wilcox Company. 2008. Boiler Tube Analisys. www.structint.com.
diakses tanggal 20 Desember 2011.
[16] Surdia, Tata, dan Saito, S. Pengetahuan bahan teknik, Cetakan Keenam.
Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2005.
[17] ASM Handbook volume 11, Failure Analysis and Prevention, Boiler and
Pressure Vessel, ASM International, 2002.
[18] Wulpi Donald J., Understanding How Components Fail, ohio, Four Printing,
American Sosiety For Metals, 1988.
[19] ASM Handbook, volume 8, Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, ASM
International, 2002.
[20] D.A. Ryder, General Practice In failure analysis, ASM Volume XI, Ohio,
ASM International, 1988.
[21] Wulpi Donald J., Understanding How Components Fail, Ohio, Four Printing,
American Sosiety For Metals, 1988.
[22] Kepala Biro Inspeksi & K3 PT PIM. 2011.
Standart of ProcedurePower
Plant,. Lhokseumawe. Tahun 2011.
[23] ASTM A 213, Standar Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy
Stell Boiler, Superheater and Heat Exchanger Tube, 1992.
[24] ASTM A 956, Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel
Products, 1992.
[25] ASTM A 751, Standart Test Method, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical
Analysis of Steel Products, 1992.
[26] Gandy D, The Grade 11 and 12 Low Alloy Steel Hand Book,California, Electric
Power Research Institute, final report, 2007.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
94
[27] Dieter George E, Ir. Sriati Djafrie, M.E.M.Met, Metalurgi Mekanik, Edisi
Ketiga, jilid 1 dan 2, Jakarta, Penerbit Erlangga, 1992.
[28] Toward. 2010. Boiler Effeciency. www.eco-efficiency.com.au. diakses tanggal
15 April 2011.
[29] JFE Steel Corporation. 2010. Speciality Pipe and Tube for Boiler and
Petrochemical Plant. http://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/. diakses tanggal 10
April 2011.
[30] Gere, M.J., & Timoshenko, P.S., Mekanika Bahan, Terjemahan oleh Hans J.
Wospakrik, Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 1987.
[31] Wikipedia, Scanning Electron Microscope, (Online), (http
wikipedia.org/index.php?title=Scanning_electron_microscope,
tanggal 15 Agustus 2010, Pukul 23.35 WIB).
:// en.
diakses
[32] SEM Operating Procedure.
[33] Ewalds. H.L,Wanhil. R.J.H, Fracture Mechanics,Netherlands, Delftse
Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1986.
[34] Cleaver-Brooks. 2006. Section I1. Boiler Selection Considerations. CleaverBrooks.
[35] TÜV SÜD PSB Pte. Ltd. 2009. Failure Analysis Seminar (Oil, Gas, Chemical
& Marine Industry). www.tuv-sud-psb.sg. Diakses tanggal 25 Mei 2011.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1]
PT PIM harus tetap berada di Lhokseumawe. http://www.pim.co.id/. diakses tanggal
29 April 2011.
[2]
Kepala Departemen Pemeliharaan PT PIM. 2011. Presentasi Rencana Kerja
Departemen Pemeliharaan tahun 2011. Lhokseumawe.
[3]
Port D. Robert., Herro M. Harvey., The Nalco Guide to Boiler Failure Analysis,
Nalco Chemical Company, New York, McGraw Hill Inc, 1991.
[4]
Sukandar., Analisa Kerusakan Pipa Boiler Feed Water (BFW) pada Ujung
Saluran Injektor Inhibitor, Laporan Tesis, Magister Teknik Mesin FT-UI,
2002.
[5] Thermal Energy Equipment: Boilers & Thermic Fluid Heaters Energy
Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia. www.energyefficiencyasia.org. diakses
tanggal 20 April 2011.
[6]
Kaufman Myron, Principles of Thermodinamics, New York, Marcel Dekker
Inc, 2001.
[7]
Doe Fundamentals Handbook Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, And Fluid
Flow Volume 1 Of 3 U.S. Department Of Energy FSC-6910 Washington
June 1992.
[8]
Harry M. Spring, Boiler Operation’s Guide, new York, McGraw-Hill, 1968.
[9]
Oland. C.B.,Guide to Low Emission Boiler and Combustion Equipment
Selection, Tennessee, US Departement of Energy, April 2002.
[10] V. Ramachandran, A.C. Raghuram,R.V. Krishnan, and S.K. Bhaumik, Failure
Analysisof Engineering Structures Methodology andCase Histories, ASM
International Materials Park, Ohio, 2005.
[11] Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2003.09.020. 2003. Methodologies for
Failure Analysis: A critical Survey. Reduce Future Boiler Tube Failure.
Paulo M.S.T. de Castro, A.A. Fernandes. http://www.sciendirect.com.
[12] Thielsch Helmut, Defect and Failures in Pressure vessel and piping, Florida
Robert E Krieger Publishing Co, Inc, 1997.
92
Universitas Sumatera Utara
93
[13] Structural Integrity Associates, Inc. 2008. Experts in The Prevention and
Control of Structural and Mechanical Failures. www.structint.com. diakses
tanggal 20 Desember 2011.
[14] David N. French., Metallurgical Failures in Fossil Fired Boilers, New York,
John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1993.
[15] Babcock &Wilcox Company. 2008. Boiler Tube Analisys. www.structint.com.
diakses tanggal 20 Desember 2011.
[16] Surdia, Tata, dan Saito, S. Pengetahuan bahan teknik, Cetakan Keenam.
Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita, 2005.
[17] ASM Handbook volume 11, Failure Analysis and Prevention, Boiler and
Pressure Vessel, ASM International, 2002.
[18] Wulpi Donald J., Understanding How Components Fail, ohio, Four Printing,
American Sosiety For Metals, 1988.
[19] ASM Handbook, volume 8, Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, ASM
International, 2002.
[20] D.A. Ryder, General Practice In failure analysis, ASM Volume XI, Ohio,
ASM International, 1988.
[21] Wulpi Donald J., Understanding How Components Fail, Ohio, Four Printing,
American Sosiety For Metals, 1988.
[22] Kepala Biro Inspeksi & K3 PT PIM. 2011.
Standart of ProcedurePower
Plant,. Lhokseumawe. Tahun 2011.
[23] ASTM A 213, Standar Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy
Stell Boiler, Superheater and Heat Exchanger Tube, 1992.
[24] ASTM A 956, Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel
Products, 1992.
[25] ASTM A 751, Standart Test Method, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical
Analysis of Steel Products, 1992.
[26] Gandy D, The Grade 11 and 12 Low Alloy Steel Hand Book,California, Electric
Power Research Institute, final report, 2007.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
94
[27] Dieter George E, Ir. Sriati Djafrie, M.E.M.Met, Metalurgi Mekanik, Edisi
Ketiga, jilid 1 dan 2, Jakarta, Penerbit Erlangga, 1992.
[28] Toward. 2010. Boiler Effeciency. www.eco-efficiency.com.au. diakses tanggal
15 April 2011.
[29] JFE Steel Corporation. 2010. Speciality Pipe and Tube for Boiler and
Petrochemical Plant. http://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/. diakses tanggal 10
April 2011.
[30] Gere, M.J., & Timoshenko, P.S., Mekanika Bahan, Terjemahan oleh Hans J.
Wospakrik, Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 1987.
[31] Wikipedia, Scanning Electron Microscope, (Online), (http
wikipedia.org/index.php?title=Scanning_electron_microscope,
tanggal 15 Agustus 2010, Pukul 23.35 WIB).
:// en.
diakses
[32] SEM Operating Procedure.
[33] Ewalds. H.L,Wanhil. R.J.H, Fracture Mechanics,Netherlands, Delftse
Uitgevers Maatschappij, 1986.
[34] Cleaver-Brooks. 2006. Section I1. Boiler Selection Considerations. CleaverBrooks.
[35] TÜV SÜD PSB Pte. Ltd. 2009. Failure Analysis Seminar (Oil, Gas, Chemical
& Marine Industry). www.tuv-sud-psb.sg. Diakses tanggal 25 Mei 2011.
Universitas Sumatera Utara