presentationwahid islam state

1.

INTRODUCTION

2.

FIQIH PARADIGM APPROACH

3.

FIQIH-PLUS PARADIGM APPROACH

I. INTRODUCTION

THREE PARADIGMS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISLAM AND STATE:

1.THEOCRATIC PARADIGM: Islam as a Religion and State Example: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan

2. SECULAR PARADIGM: Separation of Islam and State Example: Turkey

3. FIQH PARADIGM: Mutual Legitimacy Islam and State Example: Indonesia

IDEOLOGICAL : Want to establish an Ideal State Example: 1. Theocratic Paradigm

2. Secular Paradigm

NON-IDEOLOGICAL : Islam and State are different Identities, but they develop mutual legitimacies

FIQH PARADIGM:

1. IS a Sunni Tradition: the validity of religious practices do not depend on political preference.

Example:

a. Some Shiites do not perform Friday prayer because the Imam is on Occultation

b. The followers of Hizbut Tahrir do not perform Friday prayer as there is no an caliphate

2. Islam and State are different identities, but they should develop mutual Legitimacies

a. The Existence of State is based on the power in the society, not because of Religion

c. Fiqh Paradigm does not consider important

the FORM OF STATE, but the FUNCTION OF STATE so that:

- Justified the Caliphate of Turkey Utsmaniyah - Justified the Netherland East Indies

- Justified the Japanese Occupation Administration - Justifies the Republic of Indonesia

d. The nature of life is not black and white

the fiqh knowledge combines

kalam

, fiqh, and sufism e. Life is based on the Principles of

- moderation - equilibrium - toleration

f. Method:

ushul fiqh

and

qa’idah fiqiyah

g. Slogan: Preserve the good things of the TRADITION and adopt the good things of the MODERNISATION

Muslim Modernists accused NU of the Pragmatist

because the latter did not struggle seriously for an

Islamic State.

As a religious organization, NU always considered

everything from religious point of view, namely Fiqh

Paradigm

Following Principles of the Fiqh (

qowa’idul Fiqiyah)

:

1. Muslim has an obligation of performing religious

duties , but it is just beyond his capabilities.

2. Accomplishment of Religious duties are measured

by their impacts

3. If he should make choice, he choose one which

has the less risk

FIQH / RELIGIOUS PARADIGM = SPIRITUAL

PARADIGM

to create a good man as the representation of

khalifatullah

FIQH is broader than legal Islamic laws

Syariah is the science of all things, human and divine

: Syariah consists of material and spiritual knowledge

Life is a long way to search for truth, and

To implement it with patient as the norm intermingles with

context



Relative Truth

It needs for sciences to discern the truth hiding in the

context

Philosophy and Social Sciences



Islamic cosmology

Spiritual knowledge (Sufism) is central to unify the

intellectual and social activities of Muslims

FIQH-PLUS (SOCIO-CULTURAL)

PARADIGM

: Fiqh Paradigm + Structural Approach

Spiritual Approach = Cultural Approach  ideologist



unbalance VIOLENCE

Wahid follows Karl Marx, but he is not a determinist

Not agree with revolutionary method

Life is following the law of nature, but Wahid still

believes in God’s intervention

Happiness is pursued by

1. Sciences : material achievement

2. Sufism : spiritual achievement

Socio-cultural : dialectic between individual and

society

Spiritual Achievement = Isra Mi’raj: Individual Happiness



_{Rahmatan lil ‘alamin: Happiness of all}

Mahmud Syaltut



Religious Teachings:

1. Nazary (theoretical)



internal soul



an absolute

belief

2. ‘Amaly (syariah)

Islam spread to all quarter of the world not by military

forces,

But culturally

Socio-cultural Approach



Pribumisasi

: the way to negotiate NORMS and CULTURE

Dynamism: 1.

Pribumisas

i (Localization)



Not Syncretism

ABDURRAHMAN WAHID

1.

Islam and State:

a. Legal approach : Islamic State

b. Political Approach



democracy

2. The Pillars of Islam and The Pillars of Faith



Social Pillars (Fiqh Sosial)

3. Theology of Democracy : to negotiate NORMS and

CULTURE

- It is not an exclusive theology

- One statement can be understood differently by

different religious believers

= to practice democracy is to practice a religious

teaching

Theology of Democracy enables Muslim to

Participate actively the Course of Modern Political

System

= to practice democracy is to practice a religious

teaching

Pancasila is an Open Ideology as a Agreement

amongst Different Societal Forces

It should develop Democracy

. The Pancasila State is the final form of the State

for Indonesian Muslims

The existence of different Religions follow the principle of

relationship

Each Religion can claim its absolute truth because it is

internal commitment

It does not need to find the final truth in the public life

It is important to negotiate for the common good

Religious Communities Function as CIVIL SOCIETY

to Control the Course of the State

FIQH / RELIGIOUS PARADIGM = SPIRITUAL PARADIGM

to create a good man as the representation of khalifatullah

FIQH is broader than legal Islamic laws

Syariah is the science of all things, human and divine : Syariah consists of material and spiritual knowledge Life is a long way to search for truth, and

To implement it with patient as the norm intermingles with context  Relative Truth

It needs for sciences to discern the truth hiding in the context

Philosophy and Social Sciences  Islamic cosmology Spiritual knowledge (Sufism) is central to unify the

FIQH-PLUS (SOCIO-CULTURAL)

PARADIGM

: Fiqh Paradigm + Structural Approach

Spiritual Approach = Cultural Approach



ideologist



unbalance VIOLENCE

Wahid follows Karl Marx, but he is not a determinist

Not agree with revolutionary method

Life is following the law of nature, but Wahid still

believes in God’s intervention

Happiness is pursued by

1. Sciences : material achievement

2. Sufism : spiritual achievement

Socio-cultural : dialectic between individual and

society

Spiritual Achievement = Isra Mi’raj: Individual Happiness _{Rahmatan lil ‘alamin: Happiness of all}

Mahmud Syaltut Religious Teachings:

1. Nazary (theoretical) internal soul  an absolute belief

2. ‘Amaly (syariah)

Islam spread to all quarter of the world not by military forces,

But culturally

Socio-cultural Approach  Pribumisasi

: the way to negotiate NORMS and CULTURE

Dynamism: 1. Pribumisasi (Localization)  Not Syncretism 2. Modernisation

ABDURRAHMAN WAHID

1.Islam and State:

a. Legal approach : Islamic State b. Political Approach  democracy

2. The Pillars of Islam and The Pillars of Faith  Social Pillars (Fiqh Sosial)

3. Theology of Democracy : to negotiate NORMS and CULTURE

- It is not an exclusive theology

- One statement can be understood differently by different religious believers

= to practice democracy is to practice a religious teaching

Theology of Democracy enables Muslim to

Participate actively the Course of Modern Political

System

= to practice democracy is to practice a religious

teaching

Pancasila is an Open Ideology as a Agreement

amongst Different Societal Forces

It should develop Democracy

. The Pancasila State is the final form of the State

for Indonesian Muslims

The existence of different Religions follow the principle of relationship

Each Religion can claim its absolute truth because it is internal commitment

It does not need to find the final truth in the public life It is important to negotiate for the common good

Religious Communities Function as CIVIL SOCIETY to Control the Course of the State