WOMAN'S SELF DEPENDENCE AS SEEN IN MY ANTONIA BY WILLA CATHER: A FEMINIST STUDY.
WOMAN'S SELF DEPENDENCE AS SEEN lN ,tv,4lr'?Oi.{1,4
BY
WILLA CATHER: A FEMINIST STUDY
A
Th6is
Submined in Prni"l Flllilldcnr lo
dr Rstui&d.nr
lbr de Desreeols&iana Sanh
03ltt502l
E^"GI-ISH DtrPARTrylENT FACULTY OF LE |TERS
aNDaL45 uf{lVERSlTY
PADANG
2010
r.i,l.dtrid !ki,l:i nirtmMlr.s Lrrudnirr d lrh'fni3 ..tu r!
\rn \.|r,!ri !!n.nr! in,Lrrrr .ril: r.c.rmD Jiru n.\tl Lxrrr \\rrlr
(irhd \rrs h.ri,dll i/r.rr.rnr Nr\tl tr'irqr.,iLrLd{ rr^ri,,'iirx'f
bcartr l.hr.$\! \xtri: mcniddr r D s.trtrldar!Lc Am.aka Ljl\niL Ntrulis
Di.lihrI gx'nbertr r.l,Ldupi nbnia ,l.i hrlrinil nsrhxrr. !nnrk
r,cmdrplxii dri b.1rl,rtr hidup Jcng$ li gk!tr-l!D)r ir t! bi'! vii!
i,rniliki binj_il N'hrd..i d$grf Lc[nlupoin]x)r'r3 rnr
L\1.d, 5[rin!i iii p.nu i\ o,$g, al'r mv.l i',i nn'is!uiiLln I'qhk
ssti Icn,ini!rrc. ilJrngkxn Drculd ]rnq (lg0rakJi .lsh prtruln dalam
(ri|li oi ,dtrr.,ii
n!ilrrril rdr]iril Ji'DJr ILi!ln )lxn
').r,rI
.rtr.lgrnhr{ir hrlrinifu rrmr irid s.o(D-! rxnib iru Lli tnriDk D
,lxlx n.r.l r,1 .t/,,in ni.Lil0i nt,,!ia'n_rcdil.bxn r-rr! lhn'lb
JrlrdL.i dr.idilm n.!r!irtr \$Jtri
n nktr!$nrari hxhrr mdx trirF ib ir.!n.c odr rrnnr vxrg
l]tlisr ! k.ris lr),'[i!]lrum Dir.lrfilrcng..ualiatr rui.Ji ttkh d(iiftNr
Dii b.t.!r li)!l )r s.o Itrir rDrrL lrr tl!4r'niirxnLr ]lidtrpnr".r'
Pcnu
'!
,LiL,,kukxr pmL,l( iwxlqrtrk?n b.hL{ k.mtrDdnirn
\.o,nng Nxri{a rlxn r.rcrdrit dxlanr.xr. {aiiri irtr b!nik rn tr riilrm rxnt
l)r' roxlnis \trf!
c]!APlEIt
I
INTRODUCTIoN
Lt l
l,e
U,.kgrdrnd ofrhc R.scrrch
Lir.r
h rok'lnl ilrpnir\s d d strtli.ing
hund h(i',g
.f
s
crnnot
b. sepn.rldl ln
iita. lhcr. a..,nany aspsds rhd.rn dnr\e
rhc nspecs {hal
il
Pov.n-v
..Ne himntss or suilcrins E.oio ric
r
k om
nnntcnr is a
lisrili..nr nbblc r in if€. llcoDony is ai itrponr $nrs lifr. ir '3n
croscd psoplc liChr crch ollrcr. Some Pcoplc $ill rry 10 d. ..silv h tullill
rhrn n.cds cven il n nor a8o.d Nrl. s'ch
hrnd. so'nc tc.ple rvill
Jcp.iding on.rhd
dc id.ncc
'rdonrg
rry:nolhd !v.y nrh
]Iron
roru
ion
On rhc
olh$
as lrork hardcr lvi$o0r
!hF condnbn lvill bing sonleon' b"'nrc scll'
Sclldcpciden.o is bclieving
in.uroqn.biln) bdo
sotrerhing
*irhour deFndniCon orher PcoPlc
Fti
publishcd in
1913.,V!,'l,/,,id i\
a
m.d.disr
ndlr Ni
mrism
ar thc cnd
ollhc ni.crcuDlh cenrtrv rni
.odinucdunrilfic.tdolthc l930s ll rochcd
ils prJ( durirlN rhc l920s 3nd
Lr$ o ln.rdrt nolemsnt lh.l bcgin
i! $6.h.r.dcri7sd by.lone ol.xPcrin.nlarion
dini0crll'\nc.icaDvi\io olmodcmism.
tt
1,bnnt lrc\t
t\r
Ar.|1n,.! tu rh. ridr rhxl lntnri.
s
tovcnl lnd rillin3n$\ t)
ger
lr. 1 \rn.r i\ irr.ir'st{ t imltz. or ro nnd) thc rhatu.t.r .l
,\rtnilx h rhi\ lircr.rt \ r[ A: r \ttri. ,\ihritr ]rq i Fw.r 3id rc I
dfcrrl.ic. i! lrtrLtglt ir r lraid lilc in dc llnirsl Srd.r. ll,c s' r. r. utr
Ler.r
Lhis
rc\.rrrr.
rn.Ll.
rit,k,ii t.,l)tj\r loxt r\ tlltutrl -M\
l2 Tl'rsiricr'0r oftl,.
t,
cn
re
^nnnla
Problcn'
i ,,1
'1! \
'
'.1
F ) ! .f lc
nr,'i'r
r\po\td ni rhn lrerrr! \rork. moni! s chlracler is srli d.pcid.r.c eren
nru!h
shc
\ul1ar!nr hd
mrkls rh. s'ncr $Jnb
3
*rnran
prcscnts a fi3Lrs
ro know rhs
x\tccls rhdl coi$nicr*lfdepcndenccol'
a
rhc
Nlho' nukci
oi. \'o,n$ {ho
erc.rosrrd aR.ilan
s
lilc
rhc srory bcc.ncs inretcsrin! Shc
is itud-! .nd has a
po\q (llcctd
nr
ol,jcdne ofilrc Re\.,rch
lhis
itrd! ir ri'n.d
sonrc arCccts
..trdrd
'lhs phci.ttnon rh.l happcnsiD Anronix ! lilc
r .hodErel]l.rn,nlf$llllcp.
Willx Crrhcr
L3 Tl,.
lili
thd
ro xnair^ rlr. s.ianepeidence of
r Romm .nd
thrt.xn crute ihe \elld.pcndcn!. !13 sonran. lhc wrircr rvill
rr\errcl atoll Anlonir
xs the
nrai chrrttcr in l[e novel
Jr
CHAPTER 'l
CONCI,IJSIoN
wircr
i
tt /nr,,t'
.lljccls
il
rhrsi\.n.ll7ss v.rious rsfccl!.1 s.lfdcpe.dcncc oltr
rlcrreJ
l,
cd
Mrt
this
n, rh.
n.v.l.
,lrl,
x ncx cnrn nncnr rs
ScllLlqtndcice
be xmly/€d
-
l,r,,u
is
willa arrh.r's
r roq nt'rn \lxi! phrnomcnt
rclledr.d in ,l/r'-
emc rsFccls Thc $ril.' dividcs rhe t$.ds imo
l
rn,i,
'l hc
nronir livcs iD r
lvrilcrcdn.lodes
ty
arc
rrr
n.\'s{;cq
diffeftnr
i
sher€ thcrc arc
laigu!€
li'ed
'
hr-
th'
corslrldol hv
rwoi
ccotu'ni l rsoecs. riDvi'oimcilal asl]td con\ns ofirmil!
wri(er linds
\o
fovelrh! nicrur!s rlt lifc oli ]v'rrn
i
olr {on.n
lhc
and
and
$cicry
Ll'c
muv dtltarencrs
.uliur.l vahts
Aner an{rrlinq rhc rnvnonhe'nal asp.crs, rhc srirer con.hidcs $c
o!u enlironmeir \\hcr. soneonc li!€s lnd eovs con'rdds rhc !(nud$ ol
rhe cha.xcrd in this trovel.
ln rhis
analvsG. rhe
$dlcr llso ftxh lh3r
dilGr.nccsi',aneNsocierydkocoDsrflctsdli dqcfdcnceol
'lhc poinr th.r rh€ wird qlr concluds
Calhf sho\{i rhar \romcd
caprbilirics lvhich drc .qurl
b
indePend.
t
rhis
xs'mrn
hallzing is Will'
htrDun bcin3. woncn s
mcn in vrrious dspNls of life.
. d !.nrcn\
cqurl roles r) mcn in laci!,! ihk life Tiouah Ihc ch.mclcr
ri!1,$
b pl.!
olA
onia. rhc bics
ILrc
h .n
lio
lli'
1o
shof hcrarremtt u shnd
aCainsr thc
prtirrchv'
BIBI,IoGI'\PHY
,\1rrr\
Nr
rl
r93l .t a;/dn,1
.,1 I
r.!t1 1!nr: Nr\ \.rk: lloll
Ri"lhrn
(Irl t{\ifl lrhtrr\ ]00, _\\i!r arlht-r \lr ,\nttrriri lhc
(rAt'
lr
rod
llrpniNss
hrJ,r^\]v\ y.l.. rr'rrhllrrir.rl ilLtrrjisrl')l|//1r37hrdrL
rsJxn l('hcn a 193? !,/1alnd^! n^u|h L
BY
WILLA CATHER: A FEMINIST STUDY
A
Th6is
Submined in Prni"l Flllilldcnr lo
dr Rstui&d.nr
lbr de Desreeols&iana Sanh
03ltt502l
E^"GI-ISH DtrPARTrylENT FACULTY OF LE |TERS
aNDaL45 uf{lVERSlTY
PADANG
2010
r.i,l.dtrid !ki,l:i nirtmMlr.s Lrrudnirr d lrh'fni3 ..tu r!
\rn \.|r,!ri !!n.nr! in,Lrrrr .ril: r.c.rmD Jiru n.\tl Lxrrr \\rrlr
(irhd \rrs h.ri,dll i/r.rr.rnr Nr\tl tr'irqr.,iLrLd{ rr^ri,,'iirx'f
bcartr l.hr.$\! \xtri: mcniddr r D s.trtrldar!Lc Am.aka Ljl\niL Ntrulis
Di.lihrI gx'nbertr r.l,Ldupi nbnia ,l.i hrlrinil nsrhxrr. !nnrk
r,cmdrplxii dri b.1rl,rtr hidup Jcng$ li gk!tr-l!D)r ir t! bi'! vii!
i,rniliki binj_il N'hrd..i d$grf Lc[nlupoin]x)r'r3 rnr
L\1.d, 5[rin!i iii p.nu i\ o,$g, al'r mv.l i',i nn'is!uiiLln I'qhk
ssti Icn,ini!rrc. ilJrngkxn Drculd ]rnq (lg0rakJi .lsh prtruln dalam
(ri|li oi ,dtrr.,ii
n!ilrrril rdr]iril Ji'DJr ILi!ln )lxn
').r,rI
.rtr.lgrnhr{ir hrlrinifu rrmr irid s.o(D-! rxnib iru Lli tnriDk D
,lxlx n.r.l r,1 .t/,,in ni.Lil0i nt,,!ia'n_rcdil.bxn r-rr! lhn'lb
JrlrdL.i dr.idilm n.!r!irtr \$Jtri
n nktr!$nrari hxhrr mdx trirF ib ir.!n.c odr rrnnr vxrg
l]tlisr ! k.ris lr),'[i!]lrum Dir.lrfilrcng..ualiatr rui.Ji ttkh d(iiftNr
Dii b.t.!r li)!l )r s.o Itrir rDrrL lrr tl!4r'niirxnLr ]lidtrpnr".r'
Pcnu
'!
,LiL,,kukxr pmL,l( iwxlqrtrk?n b.hL{ k.mtrDdnirn
\.o,nng Nxri{a rlxn r.rcrdrit dxlanr.xr. {aiiri irtr b!nik rn tr riilrm rxnt
l)r' roxlnis \trf!
c]!APlEIt
I
INTRODUCTIoN
Lt l
l,e
U,.kgrdrnd ofrhc R.scrrch
Lir.r
h rok'lnl ilrpnir\s d d strtli.ing
hund h(i',g
.f
s
crnnot
b. sepn.rldl ln
iita. lhcr. a..,nany aspsds rhd.rn dnr\e
rhc nspecs {hal
il
Pov.n-v
..Ne himntss or suilcrins E.oio ric
r
k om
nnntcnr is a
lisrili..nr nbblc r in if€. llcoDony is ai itrponr $nrs lifr. ir '3n
croscd psoplc liChr crch ollrcr. Some Pcoplc $ill rry 10 d. ..silv h tullill
rhrn n.cds cven il n nor a8o.d Nrl. s'ch
hrnd. so'nc tc.ple rvill
Jcp.iding on.rhd
dc id.ncc
'rdonrg
rry:nolhd !v.y nrh
]Iron
roru
ion
On rhc
olh$
as lrork hardcr lvi$o0r
!hF condnbn lvill bing sonleon' b"'nrc scll'
Sclldcpciden.o is bclieving
in.uroqn.biln) bdo
sotrerhing
*irhour deFndniCon orher PcoPlc
Fti
publishcd in
1913.,V!,'l,/,,id i\
a
m.d.disr
ndlr Ni
mrism
ar thc cnd
ollhc ni.crcuDlh cenrtrv rni
.odinucdunrilfic.tdolthc l930s ll rochcd
ils prJ( durirlN rhc l920s 3nd
Lr$ o ln.rdrt nolemsnt lh.l bcgin
i! $6.h.r.dcri7sd by.lone ol.xPcrin.nlarion
dini0crll'\nc.icaDvi\io olmodcmism.
tt
1,bnnt lrc\t
t\r
Ar.|1n,.! tu rh. ridr rhxl lntnri.
s
tovcnl lnd rillin3n$\ t)
ger
lr. 1 \rn.r i\ irr.ir'st{ t imltz. or ro nnd) thc rhatu.t.r .l
,\rtnilx h rhi\ lircr.rt \ r[ A: r \ttri. ,\ihritr ]rq i Fw.r 3id rc I
dfcrrl.ic. i! lrtrLtglt ir r lraid lilc in dc llnirsl Srd.r. ll,c s' r. r. utr
Ler.r
Lhis
rc\.rrrr.
rn.Ll.
rit,k,ii t.,l)tj\r loxt r\ tlltutrl -M\
l2 Tl'rsiricr'0r oftl,.
t,
cn
re
^nnnla
Problcn'
i ,,1
'1! \
'
'.1
F ) ! .f lc
nr,'i'r
r\po\td ni rhn lrerrr! \rork. moni! s chlracler is srli d.pcid.r.c eren
nru!h
shc
\ul1ar!nr hd
mrkls rh. s'ncr $Jnb
3
*rnran
prcscnts a fi3Lrs
ro know rhs
x\tccls rhdl coi$nicr*lfdepcndenccol'
a
rhc
Nlho' nukci
oi. \'o,n$ {ho
erc.rosrrd aR.ilan
s
lilc
rhc srory bcc.ncs inretcsrin! Shc
is itud-! .nd has a
po\q (llcctd
nr
ol,jcdne ofilrc Re\.,rch
lhis
itrd! ir ri'n.d
sonrc arCccts
..trdrd
'lhs phci.ttnon rh.l happcnsiD Anronix ! lilc
r .hodErel]l.rn,nlf$llllcp.
Willx Crrhcr
L3 Tl,.
lili
thd
ro xnair^ rlr. s.ianepeidence of
r Romm .nd
thrt.xn crute ihe \elld.pcndcn!. !13 sonran. lhc wrircr rvill
rr\errcl atoll Anlonir
xs the
nrai chrrttcr in l[e novel
Jr
CHAPTER 'l
CONCI,IJSIoN
wircr
i
tt /nr,,t'
.lljccls
il
rhrsi\.n.ll7ss v.rious rsfccl!.1 s.lfdcpe.dcncc oltr
rlcrreJ
l,
cd
Mrt
this
n, rh.
n.v.l.
,lrl,
x ncx cnrn nncnr rs
ScllLlqtndcice
be xmly/€d
-
l,r,,u
is
willa arrh.r's
r roq nt'rn \lxi! phrnomcnt
rclledr.d in ,l/r'-
emc rsFccls Thc $ril.' dividcs rhe t$.ds imo
l
rn,i,
'l hc
nronir livcs iD r
lvrilcrcdn.lodes
ty
arc
rrr
n.\'s{;cq
diffeftnr
i
sher€ thcrc arc
laigu!€
li'ed
'
hr-
th'
corslrldol hv
rwoi
ccotu'ni l rsoecs. riDvi'oimcilal asl]td con\ns ofirmil!
wri(er linds
\o
fovelrh! nicrur!s rlt lifc oli ]v'rrn
i
olr {on.n
lhc
and
and
$cicry
Ll'c
muv dtltarencrs
.uliur.l vahts
Aner an{rrlinq rhc rnvnonhe'nal asp.crs, rhc srirer con.hidcs $c
o!u enlironmeir \\hcr. soneonc li!€s lnd eovs con'rdds rhc !(nud$ ol
rhe cha.xcrd in this trovel.
ln rhis
analvsG. rhe
$dlcr llso ftxh lh3r
dilGr.nccsi',aneNsocierydkocoDsrflctsdli dqcfdcnceol
'lhc poinr th.r rh€ wird qlr concluds
Calhf sho\{i rhar \romcd
caprbilirics lvhich drc .qurl
b
indePend.
t
rhis
xs'mrn
hallzing is Will'
htrDun bcin3. woncn s
mcn in vrrious dspNls of life.
. d !.nrcn\
cqurl roles r) mcn in laci!,! ihk life Tiouah Ihc ch.mclcr
ri!1,$
b pl.!
olA
onia. rhc bics
ILrc
h .n
lio
lli'
1o
shof hcrarremtt u shnd
aCainsr thc
prtirrchv'
BIBI,IoGI'\PHY
,\1rrr\
Nr
rl
r93l .t a;/dn,1
.,1 I
r.!t1 1!nr: Nr\ \.rk: lloll
Ri"lhrn
(Irl t{\ifl lrhtrr\ ]00, _\\i!r arlht-r \lr ,\nttrriri lhc
(rAt'
lr
rod
llrpniNss
hrJ,r^\]v\ y.l.. rr'rrhllrrir.rl ilLtrrjisrl')l|//1r37hrdrL
rsJxn l('hcn a 193? !,/1alnd^! n^u|h L