THE EFFECT OF VOCABULARY SELF COLLECTION STRATEGY (VSS) ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN READING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT.

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THE EFFECT OF VOCABULARY SELF-COLLECTION

STRATEGY (VSS) ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT

IN READING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

A THESIS

Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

CHRISTIANI ELIZABET TARIGAN

Registration Number: 2113121014

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2015

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer would like to express her deepest gratefulness to God Almighty jesus Christ for His blessings along her life, especially the opportunity and strength which are given to her during her study, and in accomplishing this thesis, which is entitled: The Effect of Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) on Students’ Achievement in Reading Descriptive Text. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan of the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan (UNIMED)

In accomplishing this thesis, the writer realized that she faced many problems and she had received academic guidance, suggestions, comments, and got a lot of assistance and moral supports from many people. Therefore, she would like to express her gratitude and special thanks to:

1. Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan

2. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan

3. Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department and her First Thesis Advisor, who has given her valuable advices, guidances, and full support.

4. Dra. Meisuri, MA., the Secretary of English Department

5. Dra. Nora Norita, S.Pd, M.Hum., the Head of English Education Study Program

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6. Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., her Second Thesis Advisor, who has given her valuable advices, guidances, and supports.

7. Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani., M.Pd., her Academic Advisor, Reviewer, and Examiner, who has given guidance, suggestions, supports, and comments.

8. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., and Rita Suswati, S.Pd, M.Hum., her Reviewers and Examiners, guidances, suggestions, supports, and comments.

9. Iskhani. V. Pinem, S.Pd., the Headmaster of SMP Swasta Methodist Berastagi.

10.Her beloved and incridible parents, Tahan Tarigan and Tianur br. Sagala, who are always dedicating every single breath to their beloved daughter, sweep away her tears, and giving her a very great life. Also for her beloved little brother Vijay Pranata Tarigan, who is always be inspiration and support along her life.

11.Her beloved man, Roy Surbakti, S,Pd., special supporter who is always giving mental advices, pray, and spirit. Also all of her friends, that could not be named one by one, for always supporting her in her efforts doing everything in her life.

Medan, Agustus 2015

Christiani Elizabet Tarigan

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ABSTRACT

Tarigan, Christiani Elizabet. 2113121014. The Effect of Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) on Students’ Achievement in Reading Descriptive Text. A Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan. 2015.

This study is aimed in finding out the effect of Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) on students’ achievement in reading descriptive text. This research conducted by using experimental design. The instrument used to collect data was reading comprehension test. The population was the 2014/2015 second year students (grade VIII) of SMP Swasta Methodist Berastagi who were going to enter grade IX in the year of 2015/2016. There were two parallel classes of the ninth grade students. Class IX-1 consisted of 34 students and decided as the experimental group, meanwhile, class IX-2 consisted of 36 students and decided as the control group. Only 60 students were chosen as representation of the whole population, 30 students for each experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught by applying Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS), while the control group was taught by applying Save the Last Word for Me (SLWM) strategy. The data were taken by administering the pre-test and postest to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed (5.71) is higher that t-table (2.001) at the significant level of 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) at level 58. It means that the null hypothesis which is stating there is no significant effect of Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) on students’ achievement in reading descriptive test is rejected and the alternative hypothesis which is stating that there is a significant effect of Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) on students’achievement in reading descriptive test is accepted. Keywords: VSS, Reading Descriptive Text

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Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... i

LIST OF TABLES ... iii

LIST OF APPENDICES ... iv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. The Background of the Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 3

C. The Scope of the Study ... 4

D. The Objective of the Study ... 4

E. The Significance of the Study ... 4

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Theoretical Framework ... 6

1. Students’ Achievement ... 6

2. Reading ... 7

a. The Concept of Reading ... 7

b. The Process of Reading ... 7

c. Levels of Reading Comprehension ... 8

d. Students Difficulties in Reading Com[rehension ... 9

e. The Measurement of Reading Comprehension ... 11

f. Types of Text ... 13

g. Descriptive Text ... 14

3. Reading Strategy a. The Concept of Reading Strategy ... 15

b. Kinds of Reading Strategy ... 16

c. Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) ... 17

d. Save the last Word for Me Strategy (SLWM) ... 22

B. Conceptual Framework ... 23

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design ... 26

B. Population and Sample ... 26

C. The Instrument for Collecting Data and Measurement ... 27

D. The Procedures of Research ... 27

1. Pre Test ... 27

2. Treatment ... 27

3. Post Test ... 30

E. Scoring the Test ... 31

F. The Validity and the Reliability of the Test ... 31

1. The Validity of the Test ... 31

2. Reliability ... 32

G. Technique for Data Analysis ... 33

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS A. The Data ... 34

B. Data Analysis ... 36

1. Reliability of the Test ... 36

2. Data Analysis ... 37

C. Testing the Hypothesis ... 38

D. Research Findings ... 39

E. Discussion ... 39

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion ... 42

B. Suggestion ... 42

REFERENCES ... 44

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page Appendix A The Calculation of The Reliability of the Test…………....…. 46 Appendix B The Calculation of t-test ………... 48 Appendix C The Test for Pre-test and Post-test ………..…. 51

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42 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

Based on the research finding, it was concluded that there is a significant effect of applying Vocabulary Self-Collection strategy (VSS) on students’ achievement in reading descriptive text. This conclusion is supported by the data analysis results in which the tobserved (5.71) is higher than the ttable (2.001) at the significant level of 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) at level 58. Therefore, null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.

Related to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha), the Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy (VSS) surely approved to be applied as a strategy to raise students’ achievement in reading descriptive text especially. It also can be applied to another level of knowledge that related to the learning process of reading.

B. Suggestions

As a result of the conclusion above, the researcher gives some suggestions for those who are interested in reading as follow:

1. English teachers are suggested to apply Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy (VSS) in their teaching process in order to improve the students’ reading achievement especially in reading by teaching the students by the correct steps of Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy

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(VSS), starts from the process of selecting and nominating word, up to the process of making words into chart.

2. Students are advised to have more practice in reading by applying Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy (VSS). They have to be more conscious in following the steps in the Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy (VSS), starts from the process of selecting and nominating word, up to the process of making words into chart.

3. The researcher who are interested in leading a research related to the study should try to apply Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy (VSS) on different levels of learnes through different genre to prove the effectiveness of Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy (VSS) in reading by searching out related sources of Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy (VSS) and apply it corectly.

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REFERENCES

Adams, M. 1990. Beginning to read : Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Arikunto, suharsini. 2003. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik.

Edisirevisi V. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta

Beers, Kylene. 2000. Reading Skills and Strategies: Reaching Reluctant Readers. Elements of Literature Series: Grades 6-12. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston..

Burns, P.C., Roe, B.D., & Smith, S.H. 2004. Teaching Reading in Today's

Elementary Schools (ninth edition). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Collins, David & Ann. 2001. Advancing Reading Achievement: Becoming

Effective Teachers of Reading Through Collective Study. United States :

Educational Research and Improvement, U.S Department of education. Crystal, David. 1997. English as a Global Language. United Kingdom:

Cambridge Press University.

Cunningham, Josh. 2012. Student Achievement. (National Conference of State Legislatures, June 2012). Accessed on march 12th, 2015 from http://www.ncsl.org/documents/edoc/CharterSchoolStudentAchievement. pdf.

Grabe, W. and Stoller, F.L. 2002. Teaching and Researching Reading. Great Britain : Pearson Education.

Grellet, Frangoise. 2010. Developing Reading Skills: A Practical Guide to

Reading Comprehension Exercise (29th printing). New York: Cambridge

University Press.

Haggard, M. R. 1982. The vocabulary self-collection Strategy: An active approach to word learning. Journal of Reading. 27, 203-207.

Harris, T.L, & Hodges, R.E. 1995. The literacy dictionary: The vocabulary of

reading and writing (third printing). United States: International Reading

Association

Kudo, I, & Jorge, B,. 2009. Measuring Beginner Reading Skills: An Empirical

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Policymaking and Accountability in Peru. Policy Research Working

Paper 4812

Martin, A. M. 2002. A Corner of the Universe. New York: Scholastic.

Miller, J. W. 1977. Reading Horizons: Teaching Language Clues to Reading

Comprehension. United States: The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress)

Mintzberg, Henry. 1994. The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc.

Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset

Syatriana, Ely. 2012. Developing the Student's Reading Comprehension Through Cognitive Reading Strategies of the First Year Students of SMAN 16 Makassar. Journal of Reading page 3

Boyanova, M. 2002. http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/english-today.html

accessed on march 4th, 2015. Medan

Samosir, Dormauli. 2014. The Effect of Using Monitoring, Questioning, and

Repredicting Strategy on Students Reading Comprehension. Accessed on

March 12th, 2015 from http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/UNIMED- Undergraduate-sk142972/34016/the-effect-of-monitoring-questioning-and-repredicting-strategy-in-reading-comprehension.

Smith, W. P. 2008. http://www.k12reader.com/what-is-phonemic-awarenes/ accessed on march 27th, 2015. Medan.

Winter, G. (2000, March). A comparative discussion of the notion of 'validity' in

qualitative and quantitative research. [58 paragraphs]. The Qualitative

Report [On-line serial], 4(3/4). Accessed on march 29th from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR4-3/winter.html. Medan.

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design ... 26

B. Population and Sample ... 26

C. The Instrument for Collecting Data and Measurement ... 27

D. The Procedures of Research ... 27

1. Pre Test ... 27

2. Treatment ... 27

3. Post Test ... 30

E. Scoring the Test ... 31

F. The Validity and the Reliability of the Test ... 31

1. The Validity of the Test ... 31

2. Reliability ... 32

G. Technique for Data Analysis ... 33

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS A. The Data ... 34

B. Data Analysis ... 36

1. Reliability of the Test ... 36

2. Data Analysis ... 37

C. Testing the Hypothesis ... 38

D. Research Findings ... 39

E. Discussion ... 39

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion ... 42

B. Suggestion ... 42

REFERENCES ... 44

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LIST OF APPENDICES

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42 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusion

B. Suggestions

As a result of the conclusion above, the researcher gives some suggestions for those who are interested in reading as follow:

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(VSS), starts from the process of selecting and nominating word, up to the process of making words into chart.

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REFERENCES

Adams, M. 1990. Beginning to read : Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Arikunto, suharsini. 2003. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Edisirevisi V. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta

Beers, Kylene. 2000. Reading Skills and Strategies: Reaching Reluctant Readers. Elements of Literature Series: Grades 6-12. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston..

Burns, P.C., Roe, B.D., & Smith, S.H. 2004. Teaching Reading in Today's Elementary Schools (ninth edition). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Collins, David & Ann. 2001. Advancing Reading Achievement: Becoming

Effective Teachers of Reading Through Collective Study. United States : Educational Research and Improvement, U.S Department of education. Crystal, David. 1997. English as a Global Language. United Kingdom:

Cambridge Press University.

Grabe, W. and Stoller, F.L. 2002. Teaching and Researching Reading. Great Britain : Pearson Education.

Grellet, Frangoise. 2010. Developing Reading Skills: A Practical Guide to Reading Comprehension Exercise (29th printing). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Haggard, M. R. 1982. The vocabulary self-collection Strategy: An active approach to word learning. Journal of Reading. 27, 203-207.

Harris, T.L, & Hodges, R.E. 1995. The literacy dictionary: The vocabulary of reading and writing (third printing). United States: International Reading Association

Kudo, I, & Jorge, B,. 2009. Measuring Beginner Reading Skills: An Empirical Evaluation of Alternative Instruments and their Potential Use for

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Policymaking and Accountability in Peru. Policy Research Working Paper 4812

Martin, A. M. 2002. A Corner of the Universe. New York: Scholastic.

Miller, J. W. 1977. Reading Horizons: Teaching Language Clues to Reading Comprehension. United States: The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) Mintzberg, Henry. 1994. The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning. New York:

Simon & Schuster Inc.

Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset

Syatriana, Ely. 2012. Developing the Student's Reading Comprehension Through Cognitive Reading Strategies of the First Year Students of SMAN 16 Makassar. Journal of Reading page 3

Boyanova, M. 2002. http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/english-today.html accessed on march 4th, 2015. Medan

Samosir, Dormauli. 2014. The Effect of Using Monitoring, Questioning, and Repredicting Strategy on Students Reading Comprehension. Accessed on March 12th, 2015 from http://digilib.unimed.ac.id/UNIMED- Undergraduate-sk142972/34016/the-effect-of-monitoring-questioning-and-repredicting-strategy-in-reading-comprehension.

Smith, W. P. 2008. http://www.k12reader.com/what-is-phonemic-awarenes/ accessed on march 27th, 2015. Medan.

Winter, G. (2000, March). A comparative discussion of the notion of 'validity' in qualitative and quantitative research. [58 paragraphs]. The Qualitative Report [On-line serial], 4(3/4). Accessed on march 29th from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR4-3/winter.html. Medan.

THE EFFECT OF VOCABULARY SELF COLLECTION STRATEGY (VSS) ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN READING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT.