MASTODON DAN BURUNG KONDOR KARYA W.S. RENDRA: KRITIK TERHADAP PENGUASA ORDE BARU.
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. v
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .......................................................................
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .............................................................................
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................
1.4 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................
1.5 Sumber Data .........................................................................................
1.6 Tinjauan Pustaka ..................................................................................
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan ..........................................................................
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BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Drama sebagai Karya Sastra ................................................................
2.1.1 Struktur Drama ..................................................................................
2.1.1.1 Tokoh dan Karakter ........................................................................
2.1.1.2 Rangkaian Peristiwa .......................................................................
2.1.1.3 Tema ...............................................................................................
2.1.1.4 Latar dan Ruang .............................................................................
2.2 Semiotika .............................................................................................
2.2.1 Tanda .................................................................................................
2.2.2 Komunikasi Tanda ............................................................................
2.2.3 Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce .....................................................
2.3 Kritik Sosial .........................................................................................
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BAB III DRAMA MASTODON DAN BURUNG KONDOR KARYA W.S.
RENDRA DALAM KOMUNIKASI TEKS
3.1 Analisis Tekstual Drama Mastodon dan Burung Kondor ....................
3.1.1 Analisis Alur .....................................................................................
3.1.1.1. Analisis Alur Berdasarkan Isi Cerita .............................................
3.1.1.1.2 Analisis Alur Berdasarkan Urutan Logis ....................................
3.1.1.2 Analisis Tokoh ...............................................................................
3.1.1.2.1 Jose Karosta ................................................................................
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3.1.1.2.2 Kolonel Max Carlos ....................................................................
3.1.1.2.3 Juan Frederico .............................................................................
3.1.1.2.4 Emmanuel Valdes .......................................................................
3.1.1.2.5 Gloria Del Bianco .......................................................................
3.1.1.2.6 Padre Alfonso ..............................................................................
3.1.1.2.7 Don Carvallo ...............................................................................
3.1.1.2.8 Fabiola Andrez ............................................................................
3.1.1.2.9 Pedro Aros ...................................................................................
3.1.1.2.10 Hernandez .................................................................................
3.1.1.2.11 Barbarosa ...................................................................................
3.1.1.2.12 Mayor Ramos ............................................................................
3.1.1.2.13 Kolonel Santos ..........................................................................
3.1.1.2.14 Profesor Topas ..........................................................................
3.1.1.2.15 Letnan ........................................................................................
3.1.1.2.16 Ibu Jose Karosta ........................................................................
3.1.1.2.17 Lelaki Tua .................................................................................
3.1.1.2.18 Ibu .............................................................................................
3.1.1.2.19 Pemuda ......................................................................................
3.1.1.3 Analisis Tema .................................................................................
3.1.1.4 Analisis Latar .................................................................................
3.2 Aspek Referensial ................................................................................
3.2.1 Konvensi Bahasa ...............................................................................
3.2.2 Konvensi Sastra .................................................................................
3.2.3 Konvensi Budaya ..............................................................................
3.3 Aspek Ekspresif ...................................................................................
3.4 Aspek Pragmatik ..................................................................................
3.5 Komunikasi Teks .................................................................................
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BAB IV MASTODON DAN BURUNG KONDOR KARYA W.S.
RENDRA: KRITIK TERHADAP PENGUASA ORDE BARU
4.1 Masa Orde Baru: Ekspresi yang Dibatasi ............................................
4.2 Penyair, Mahasiswa, dan Penguasa: Kritik terhadap
Kekuasaan Otoriter ...............................................................................
4.3 Alat Kekuasaan: Kritik terhadap Peran Militer dan Kampus ..............
4.4 Analogi: Indonesia Berlatarkan Amerika Latin ...................................
4.5 Simbol Binatang dalam Drama Mastodon dan Burung Kondor:
Kritik terhadap Citra Orde Baru ...........................................................
4.5.1 Penguasa Orde Baru: dari ”Gajah” menjadi ”Mastodon” .................
4.5.2 Rakyat Kecil menjadi ”Burung Kondor” ..........................................
4.5.3 Para ”Semut” menjadi Koloni ”Mastodon” ......................................
4.5.4 Penyair: Pengkritik sekaligus ”Buaya Kampus” ...............................
4.5.5 ”Tikus”: Perencana dan Penyerang Diktator .....................................
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BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Simpulan .............................................................................................. 128
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 131
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................. 133
DAFTAR SITUS ......................................................................................... 135
RIWAYAT HIDUP ..................................................................................... 134
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. v
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .......................................................................
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .............................................................................
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................
1.4 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................
1.5 Sumber Data .........................................................................................
1.6 Tinjauan Pustaka ..................................................................................
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan ..........................................................................
1
12
12
13
14
15
16
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Drama sebagai Karya Sastra ................................................................
2.1.1 Struktur Drama ..................................................................................
2.1.1.1 Tokoh dan Karakter ........................................................................
2.1.1.2 Rangkaian Peristiwa .......................................................................
2.1.1.3 Tema ...............................................................................................
2.1.1.4 Latar dan Ruang .............................................................................
2.2 Semiotika .............................................................................................
2.2.1 Tanda .................................................................................................
2.2.2 Komunikasi Tanda ............................................................................
2.2.3 Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce .....................................................
2.3 Kritik Sosial .........................................................................................
18
21
22
24
25
26
27
29
30
32
36
BAB III DRAMA MASTODON DAN BURUNG KONDOR KARYA W.S.
RENDRA DALAM KOMUNIKASI TEKS
3.1 Analisis Tekstual Drama Mastodon dan Burung Kondor ....................
3.1.1 Analisis Alur .....................................................................................
3.1.1.1. Analisis Alur Berdasarkan Isi Cerita .............................................
3.1.1.1.2 Analisis Alur Berdasarkan Urutan Logis ....................................
3.1.1.2 Analisis Tokoh ...............................................................................
3.1.1.2.1 Jose Karosta ................................................................................
viii
39
39
40
42
46
46
3.1.1.2.2 Kolonel Max Carlos ....................................................................
3.1.1.2.3 Juan Frederico .............................................................................
3.1.1.2.4 Emmanuel Valdes .......................................................................
3.1.1.2.5 Gloria Del Bianco .......................................................................
3.1.1.2.6 Padre Alfonso ..............................................................................
3.1.1.2.7 Don Carvallo ...............................................................................
3.1.1.2.8 Fabiola Andrez ............................................................................
3.1.1.2.9 Pedro Aros ...................................................................................
3.1.1.2.10 Hernandez .................................................................................
3.1.1.2.11 Barbarosa ...................................................................................
3.1.1.2.12 Mayor Ramos ............................................................................
3.1.1.2.13 Kolonel Santos ..........................................................................
3.1.1.2.14 Profesor Topas ..........................................................................
3.1.1.2.15 Letnan ........................................................................................
3.1.1.2.16 Ibu Jose Karosta ........................................................................
3.1.1.2.17 Lelaki Tua .................................................................................
3.1.1.2.18 Ibu .............................................................................................
3.1.1.2.19 Pemuda ......................................................................................
3.1.1.3 Analisis Tema .................................................................................
3.1.1.4 Analisis Latar .................................................................................
3.2 Aspek Referensial ................................................................................
3.2.1 Konvensi Bahasa ...............................................................................
3.2.2 Konvensi Sastra .................................................................................
3.2.3 Konvensi Budaya ..............................................................................
3.3 Aspek Ekspresif ...................................................................................
3.4 Aspek Pragmatik ..................................................................................
3.5 Komunikasi Teks .................................................................................
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72
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83
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BAB IV MASTODON DAN BURUNG KONDOR KARYA W.S.
RENDRA: KRITIK TERHADAP PENGUASA ORDE BARU
4.1 Masa Orde Baru: Ekspresi yang Dibatasi ............................................
4.2 Penyair, Mahasiswa, dan Penguasa: Kritik terhadap
Kekuasaan Otoriter ...............................................................................
4.3 Alat Kekuasaan: Kritik terhadap Peran Militer dan Kampus ..............
4.4 Analogi: Indonesia Berlatarkan Amerika Latin ...................................
4.5 Simbol Binatang dalam Drama Mastodon dan Burung Kondor:
Kritik terhadap Citra Orde Baru ...........................................................
4.5.1 Penguasa Orde Baru: dari ”Gajah” menjadi ”Mastodon” .................
4.5.2 Rakyat Kecil menjadi ”Burung Kondor” ..........................................
4.5.3 Para ”Semut” menjadi Koloni ”Mastodon” ......................................
4.5.4 Penyair: Pengkritik sekaligus ”Buaya Kampus” ...............................
4.5.5 ”Tikus”: Perencana dan Penyerang Diktator .....................................
ix
89
96
102
106
108
113
117
119
122
125
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Simpulan .............................................................................................. 128
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 131
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................. 133
DAFTAR SITUS ......................................................................................... 135
RIWAYAT HIDUP ..................................................................................... 134
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