THE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSION EMPLOYED BY THE CHARACTERS IN THE AMERICAN TV-SERIES ENTITLED ROYAL PAINS: SEASON 1, EPISODE 1-6 (A Pragmatics Approach).
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THE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSION EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS IN THE AMERICAN TV-SERIES
ENTITLED ROYAL PAINS: SEASON 1, EPISODE 1-6
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For the Sarjana Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By
DWI RESTRI HANDAYANI
C1312004
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
commit to user
2015
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
THE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSION EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS IN THE AMERICAN TV-SERIES
ENTITLEDROYAL PAINS: SEASON 1, EPISODE 1-6
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For the Sarjana Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By
DWI RESTRI HANDAYANI
C1312004
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
commit to user
2015
i
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name
: Dwi Restri Handayani
Student Number
: C1312004
Stated wholeheartedly that this thesis entitled The Analysis of Refusal
Expression Employed by the Characters in the American TV-Series Entitled
Royal Pains: Season 1, Episode 1-6 (A Pragmatics Approach) is made by the
researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by the others. The things related to
other people’s work are written in quotation and included within in bibliography.
If it is proven that this pronouncement is proved incorrect, the researcher is ready
to take the responsibility.
Surakarta, June 2015
Dwi Restri Handayani
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTO
“If you can dream it, you can do it”
(Walf Disney)
“Berani bertindak belum tentu menjamin keberhasilan,
namun tidak bertindak sudah pasti menjamin kegagalan”
(Merry Riana)
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My late Bapak, and my wonderful Bunda
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vi
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digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, first and foremost, I would like to give praises
and thanks to Allah SWT for giving me strength and guidance to finish this thesis.
Further, this thesis would not be finished without any help from many people.
Thus, I would also like to express gratitude for many people who have helped and
supported me in finishing this thesis.
1. The Dean Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D,
for approving this thesis.
2. The Head of English Department and also my thesis supervisor, Drs. Agus
Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D., thank you for all your time to give me
suggestions, comments, and supports to finish this thesis.
3. My wonderful bunda, bunda Ndari, thank you for everything bun. The
endless love, care, supports and prayers. I will be thankful for praying and
supporting me both financially and spiritually during my study. Thanks also
for always remind me to finish it as soon as possible.
4. The late, bapak, all I want is to make you proud of me. I love you forever
and always.
5. My brother, mas Bintoro; my sister-in-law, mbak Asri; and my little sister,
dek Berta thanks for the motivation and prayers.
6. All lecturers and staffs in English Department, Sebelas Maret University for
the valuable knowledge and experince.
7. All my classmates in English Department Transfer Program 2012: Tika,
Monic, mas Arif, Iin, Nita, Tiwik, mbak Umi, Cahyo, Alin, Midud,
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Pipit,Galih, mbak Ika and Chika. I thank them for the help and experiences
throughout the years of my study.
8. My best friends, Dian and Cheva, thanks for the supports and prayers.
9. Everyone who always helps me and also supports me to solve my problem
during the process of writing this thesis. I am sorry that I cannot mention
one by one here. Thank you so much.
I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect. Thus, any suggestions and
comments are needed to improve this thesis. Finally I really hope this thesis
will be useful for everyone who reads it.
Surakarta, June2015
Dwi Restri Handayani
commit to user
viii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...........................................................................................
i
APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT .................................................
ii
APPROVAL OF THESIS BOARD OF EXAMINERS ...............................
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ..............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................
xii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background........................................................................
1
B. Research Question .............................................................................
4
C. Research Objectives ..........................................................................
4
D. Research Significance .......................................................................
5
E. Scope Of Research ............................................................................
5
F. Research Methodology......................................................................
5
G. Thesis Organization ..........................................................................
6
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. PRAGMATICS .................................................................................
8
1. The Definitions of Pragmatics ....................................................
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2. Context ........................................................................................
8
ix
9
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3. Speech Acts .................................................................................
10
3.1 The Definition of Speech Act ...............................................
10
3.2 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ............................................
11
3.3 The Classification of Speech Act ..........................................
12
4. Speech Act of Refusal .................................................................
14
4.1 The Classification of Refusal Strategy ..................................
14
4.1.1
Direct Refusals ..........................................................
14
4.1.2
Indirect Refusals........................................................
15
4.1.3
Adjunct to Refusals ...................................................
16
5. Politeness Strategy ......................................................................
17
5.1 Bald-on record Strategy ........................................................
18
5.2 Positive Politeness Strategy ..................................................
19
5.3 Negative Politeness Strategy .................................................
20
5.4 Off Record Strategy ..............................................................
22
6. The Factor Influencing the Choice of the Strategy .....................
22
B. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES ................................................
24
C. SYNOPSIS OF TELEVISION SERIES ...........................................
27
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Type of Research...............................................................................
29
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................................
30
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ......................................................
31
D. Technique of Collecting Data ...........................................................
31
E. Data Coding ......................................................................................
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32
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F. Technique of Analyzing Data ...........................................................
33
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Introduction .......................................................................................
35
B. Data Analysis ....................................................................................
36
C. Summary ...........................................................................................
70
D. Discussion .........................................................................................
75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................
85
B. Suggestions .......................................................................................
88
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
4.1 Table of Refusal Expression ...................................................................
71
4.2 Table of Politeness Strategy ....................................................................
72
4.3 The Factors which influence to the Use of Refusal Expression and Politeness
Strategy .........................................................................................................
73
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perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
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THE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSION EMPLOYED BY THE
CHARACTERS IN THE AMERICAN TV-SERIES ENTITLED
ROYAL PAINS: SEASON 1, EPISODE 1-6
(A PRAGMATICS APPROACH)
Dwi Restri Handayani1
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D2
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to find out the refusal expression employed by the
characters in the American-TV Series Entitled Royal Pains: Season 1, Episode 16. It is also to describe the politeness strategy employed by the characters and to
explain the factors of chossing certain strategy in expressing refusal.
This research uses pragmatics approach. It is a descriptive qualitative
research which applies purposive sampling technique in taking the data. The data
of this research are taken from the dialogues in Royal Pains season 1 Episode 16which contain refusal expression. They are classified by using Beebe, Takahashi,
and Uliss-Weltz’s theory of refusal expression.
The research shows that there are three findings. First, there are three types
of refusal expression used by the characters to express refusal, namely direct
refusal, indirect refusal, and adjunct to refusal. Direct refusal consisting of non
performative statement, namely no and negative willingness/ability; indirect
refusal consisting of excuse, reason, or explanation, statement of alternative,
statement of principle, and statement of regret, and adjunct to refusal consisting of
pause filler.
The second finding reveals that there are four types of politeness strategy
which are employed by the characters to express refusal.They are bald on-record
(be direct), positive politeness (giving reason), negative politeness (questioning,
being pessimistic, apologizing, being conventionally indirect and using hedge),
and off record (giving hints and using contradiction).
The last findings shows that the use of certain strategy is influenced by
the factors of relative power, namely legitimate power and expert power, and
social distance. The speaker who has legitimate power and expert power tends to
express refusal directly. Moreover, the speaker who has close relationship to the
hearer will also be influenced to employ direct refusal expression by operating
bald on record strategy.
1
2
Student of English Department/ NIM C1312004
Thesis Supervisor
commit to user
xiii
digilib.uns.ac.id
THE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSION EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS IN THE AMERICAN TV-SERIES
ENTITLED ROYAL PAINS: SEASON 1, EPISODE 1-6
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For the Sarjana Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By
DWI RESTRI HANDAYANI
C1312004
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
commit to user
2015
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
THE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSION EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS IN THE AMERICAN TV-SERIES
ENTITLEDROYAL PAINS: SEASON 1, EPISODE 1-6
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For the Sarjana Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By
DWI RESTRI HANDAYANI
C1312004
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
commit to user
2015
i
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digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
ii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
PRONOUNCEMENT
Name
: Dwi Restri Handayani
Student Number
: C1312004
Stated wholeheartedly that this thesis entitled The Analysis of Refusal
Expression Employed by the Characters in the American TV-Series Entitled
Royal Pains: Season 1, Episode 1-6 (A Pragmatics Approach) is made by the
researcher. It is neither a plagiarism, nor made by the others. The things related to
other people’s work are written in quotation and included within in bibliography.
If it is proven that this pronouncement is proved incorrect, the researcher is ready
to take the responsibility.
Surakarta, June 2015
Dwi Restri Handayani
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTO
“If you can dream it, you can do it”
(Walf Disney)
“Berani bertindak belum tentu menjamin keberhasilan,
namun tidak bertindak sudah pasti menjamin kegagalan”
(Merry Riana)
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My late Bapak, and my wonderful Bunda
commit to user
vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, first and foremost, I would like to give praises
and thanks to Allah SWT for giving me strength and guidance to finish this thesis.
Further, this thesis would not be finished without any help from many people.
Thus, I would also like to express gratitude for many people who have helped and
supported me in finishing this thesis.
1. The Dean Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D,
for approving this thesis.
2. The Head of English Department and also my thesis supervisor, Drs. Agus
Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D., thank you for all your time to give me
suggestions, comments, and supports to finish this thesis.
3. My wonderful bunda, bunda Ndari, thank you for everything bun. The
endless love, care, supports and prayers. I will be thankful for praying and
supporting me both financially and spiritually during my study. Thanks also
for always remind me to finish it as soon as possible.
4. The late, bapak, all I want is to make you proud of me. I love you forever
and always.
5. My brother, mas Bintoro; my sister-in-law, mbak Asri; and my little sister,
dek Berta thanks for the motivation and prayers.
6. All lecturers and staffs in English Department, Sebelas Maret University for
the valuable knowledge and experince.
7. All my classmates in English Department Transfer Program 2012: Tika,
Monic, mas Arif, Iin, Nita, Tiwik, mbak Umi, Cahyo, Alin, Midud,
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Pipit,Galih, mbak Ika and Chika. I thank them for the help and experiences
throughout the years of my study.
8. My best friends, Dian and Cheva, thanks for the supports and prayers.
9. Everyone who always helps me and also supports me to solve my problem
during the process of writing this thesis. I am sorry that I cannot mention
one by one here. Thank you so much.
I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect. Thus, any suggestions and
comments are needed to improve this thesis. Finally I really hope this thesis
will be useful for everyone who reads it.
Surakarta, June2015
Dwi Restri Handayani
commit to user
viii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...........................................................................................
i
APPROVAL OF THESIS CONSULTANT .................................................
ii
APPROVAL OF THESIS BOARD OF EXAMINERS ...............................
iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................
iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ..............................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................
ix
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................
xii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background........................................................................
1
B. Research Question .............................................................................
4
C. Research Objectives ..........................................................................
4
D. Research Significance .......................................................................
5
E. Scope Of Research ............................................................................
5
F. Research Methodology......................................................................
5
G. Thesis Organization ..........................................................................
6
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. PRAGMATICS .................................................................................
8
1. The Definitions of Pragmatics ....................................................
commit to user
2. Context ........................................................................................
8
ix
9
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
3. Speech Acts .................................................................................
10
3.1 The Definition of Speech Act ...............................................
10
3.2 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts ............................................
11
3.3 The Classification of Speech Act ..........................................
12
4. Speech Act of Refusal .................................................................
14
4.1 The Classification of Refusal Strategy ..................................
14
4.1.1
Direct Refusals ..........................................................
14
4.1.2
Indirect Refusals........................................................
15
4.1.3
Adjunct to Refusals ...................................................
16
5. Politeness Strategy ......................................................................
17
5.1 Bald-on record Strategy ........................................................
18
5.2 Positive Politeness Strategy ..................................................
19
5.3 Negative Politeness Strategy .................................................
20
5.4 Off Record Strategy ..............................................................
22
6. The Factor Influencing the Choice of the Strategy .....................
22
B. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES ................................................
24
C. SYNOPSIS OF TELEVISION SERIES ...........................................
27
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Type of Research...............................................................................
29
B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................................
30
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ......................................................
31
D. Technique of Collecting Data ...........................................................
31
E. Data Coding ......................................................................................
commit to user
32
x
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ...........................................................
33
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
A. Introduction .......................................................................................
35
B. Data Analysis ....................................................................................
36
C. Summary ...........................................................................................
70
D. Discussion .........................................................................................
75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .......................................................................................
85
B. Suggestions .......................................................................................
88
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
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xi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
LIST OF TABLES
4.1 Table of Refusal Expression ...................................................................
71
4.2 Table of Politeness Strategy ....................................................................
72
4.3 The Factors which influence to the Use of Refusal Expression and Politeness
Strategy .........................................................................................................
73
commit to user
xii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
THE ANALYSIS OF REFUSAL EXPRESSION EMPLOYED BY THE
CHARACTERS IN THE AMERICAN TV-SERIES ENTITLED
ROYAL PAINS: SEASON 1, EPISODE 1-6
(A PRAGMATICS APPROACH)
Dwi Restri Handayani1
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D2
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to find out the refusal expression employed by the
characters in the American-TV Series Entitled Royal Pains: Season 1, Episode 16. It is also to describe the politeness strategy employed by the characters and to
explain the factors of chossing certain strategy in expressing refusal.
This research uses pragmatics approach. It is a descriptive qualitative
research which applies purposive sampling technique in taking the data. The data
of this research are taken from the dialogues in Royal Pains season 1 Episode 16which contain refusal expression. They are classified by using Beebe, Takahashi,
and Uliss-Weltz’s theory of refusal expression.
The research shows that there are three findings. First, there are three types
of refusal expression used by the characters to express refusal, namely direct
refusal, indirect refusal, and adjunct to refusal. Direct refusal consisting of non
performative statement, namely no and negative willingness/ability; indirect
refusal consisting of excuse, reason, or explanation, statement of alternative,
statement of principle, and statement of regret, and adjunct to refusal consisting of
pause filler.
The second finding reveals that there are four types of politeness strategy
which are employed by the characters to express refusal.They are bald on-record
(be direct), positive politeness (giving reason), negative politeness (questioning,
being pessimistic, apologizing, being conventionally indirect and using hedge),
and off record (giving hints and using contradiction).
The last findings shows that the use of certain strategy is influenced by
the factors of relative power, namely legitimate power and expert power, and
social distance. The speaker who has legitimate power and expert power tends to
express refusal directly. Moreover, the speaker who has close relationship to the
hearer will also be influenced to employ direct refusal expression by operating
bald on record strategy.
1
2
Student of English Department/ NIM C1312004
Thesis Supervisor
commit to user
xiii