AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE CHARACTERS IN A FILM ENTITLED 27 DRESSES (A Pragmatics Approach).
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AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS IN A FILM
ENTITLED 27 DRESSES
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For the Sarjana Sastra Degree at English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
By:
APRILIA PUTRI A
C0308080
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
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2013
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MOTTO
“Parents’ happiness is the priority”
(Aprilia Putri A)
“Kesuksesan akan mengetuk setiap pintu. Tapi tidak semua orang mempunyai
kunci untuk membukanya”
(Hitam-Putih)
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DEDICATION
I wholeheartedly dedicate this thesis to:
My dearest Mom
My greatest Dad
My beloved sister and my best brother
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You, my “future”
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamiin
First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT who has overflowed charity
and guidance to the researcher to finish this thesis entitled An Analysis of Request
Expressions Employed by the Characters in a Film Entitled 27 Dressesas one of
the requirements for obtaining the undergraduate degree in English Department.
I realize that this thesis cannot be finished without support, help and
assistance from others. Therefore, I would like to express gratitude, particularly
to:
1. The Dean Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. RiyadiSantosa, M.Ed.,
Ph.D., for his permission to write this thesis
2. The Head of English Department and my thesis supervisor, Drs.
AgusHariWibowo, M.A, Ph.D., for approving this thesis.
3. My best parents, Sugiarto Slamet and Aniyati, thank you for the unlimited
support, fund and pray Kung, Ti. I love you both.
4. My beloved sister and brother, Mbak Ratih and Mas Andre, thanks for
your support and useful advices.
5. Areza Gilang Ramadhan, for becoming friend and foe for almost these
three years. You have your own way to help and support me to complete
this thesis. Finish your study soon! :’).
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6. My super friends:Tyas, Rara, Pandu, Brian, Sharih, Kak Mita, Anggun,
Catrin, Tika, Mimi and all of classmates in English Department 2008.
Thanks for discussingtime, guys!
7. My lovely sisters in Kost Halimun Abu-abu: Riris, Elly, Ewi, for being my
second family in Solo. Thanks for helping me in many ways.
8. For those who have not been mentioned yet, it does not mean that I ignore
your support, thank you very much.
Last, I hope that this thesis gives benefit for readers and other researchers
in the similar field of research. I realize that this thesis is not fully perfect, so all
kinds of suggestions and criticisms are welcomed.
Surakarta, July 2013
Aprilia Putri Atmaningrum
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover ...................................................................................................... i
Approval of The Thesis Supervisor ....................................................... ii
Approval of The Board Examiners ........................................................ iii
Pronouncement ....................................................................................... iv
Motto ...................................................................................................... v
Dedication .............................................................................................. vi
Acknowledgement .................................................................................. vii
Table of Contents ................................................................................... ix
List of Tables .......................................................................................... xi
Abstract .................................................................................................. xii
I.
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background .................................................................. 1
B. Problem Statements .................................................................... 4
C. Research Objectives ................................................................... 4
D. Problem Limitation .................................................................... 4
E. Research Benefit ........................................................................ 5
F. Research Methodology ................................................................ 5
G. Thesis Organization .................................................................... 6
II.
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Pragmatics ................................................................................... 8
B. Context ........................................................................................ 10
C. Ethnography of Speaking ........................................................... 11
D. Speech Acts ................................................................................. 13
E. Request ........................................................................................ 17
F. Classification of Request............................................................. 18
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G. Politeness.....................................................................................
23
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H. Review of Relevant Studies ........................................................ 26
I. Synopsis of the Film .................................................................... 27
III.
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Types of Research ....................................................................... 30
B. Data and Source of Data .............................................................. 31
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ................................................ 31
D. Technique of Collecting Data .....................................................31
E. Technique of Coding Data ..........................................................32
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ..................................................... 33
IV.
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Introduction ................................................................................ 34
B. Analysis ....................................................................................... 34
C. Discussion ................................................................................... 58
V.
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ................................................................................... 65
B. Suggestion ................................................................................... 67
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2. 1.
Table of Realizations of Request Strategies ........................
22
Table 4. 1.
Table Analysis the Types of Request Expressions .............
59
Table 4. 2.
Table Analysis of Politeness Strategy .................................
62
Table 4. 3.
Table Analysis the Use of Politeness Strategy in Request
Expressions ..........................................................................
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ABSTRACT
Aprilia Putri Atmaningrum. C0308080. 2013.An Analysis of Request
Expressions Employed by the Characters in a Film Entitled 27 Dresses (A
Pragmatics Approach).Undergraduate Thesis. English Department: Faculty
of Letters and Fine Arts. SebelasMaret University.
This research was conducted to describe the types of request expressions
employed by the characters in the film 27 Dressesbased on Trosborg’s theory and
the politeness strategy of Brown and Levinson as the choice of the characters to
express requests.
The research used pragmatics approach with the request expressions as the
scope of the analysis. This research was a descriptive qualitative research with
purposive sampling technique. The dialogues containing request expressions were
taken as the data. There were 16 data representing the criteria. The data were
analyzed with Trosborg’s theory of request expressions and Brown and
Levinson’s theory of politeness. Austin’s theory of three basic senses of acts and
Hymes’ ethnographyare also used in the analysis.
The result shows that the total data of the research are 16 data. There are
three types of request expressions namely hearer-oriented condition request with
11 data (68,75%), speaker-based condition request with 1 datum (6,25%) and
direct request with 4 data (25%). In hearer-oriented condition, the speaker
depends much on the hearer because the hearer has a rightto comply the desired
action or not. Different from hearer-oriented condition, in speaker-based
condition, the speaker’s interest becomes the priority. While in direct request, the
speaker may issue an order in uttering the request.
Politeness strategies are also applied by the characters of 27 Dresses film
to deliver their requests. There are two types of politeness strategies applied by
the characters of 27 Dresses film namely positive politeness in 9 data (56,25%)
and negative politeness in 7 data (43,75%).The characters deliver their request
expressions mix with politeness strategy depend on the context of situation that
happens on the conversation.
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AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY
THE CHARACTERS IN A FILM
ENTITLED 27 DRESSES
(A Pragmatics Approach)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement
For the Sarjana Sastra Degree at English Department
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University
By:
APRILIA PUTRI A
C0308080
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
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2013
i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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MOTTO
“Parents’ happiness is the priority”
(Aprilia Putri A)
“Kesuksesan akan mengetuk setiap pintu. Tapi tidak semua orang mempunyai
kunci untuk membukanya”
(Hitam-Putih)
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
DEDICATION
I wholeheartedly dedicate this thesis to:
My dearest Mom
My greatest Dad
My beloved sister and my best brother
commit to user
vi
You, my “future”
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamiin
First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT who has overflowed charity
and guidance to the researcher to finish this thesis entitled An Analysis of Request
Expressions Employed by the Characters in a Film Entitled 27 Dressesas one of
the requirements for obtaining the undergraduate degree in English Department.
I realize that this thesis cannot be finished without support, help and
assistance from others. Therefore, I would like to express gratitude, particularly
to:
1. The Dean Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. RiyadiSantosa, M.Ed.,
Ph.D., for his permission to write this thesis
2. The Head of English Department and my thesis supervisor, Drs.
AgusHariWibowo, M.A, Ph.D., for approving this thesis.
3. My best parents, Sugiarto Slamet and Aniyati, thank you for the unlimited
support, fund and pray Kung, Ti. I love you both.
4. My beloved sister and brother, Mbak Ratih and Mas Andre, thanks for
your support and useful advices.
5. Areza Gilang Ramadhan, for becoming friend and foe for almost these
three years. You have your own way to help and support me to complete
this thesis. Finish your study soon! :’).
commit to user
vii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
6. My super friends:Tyas, Rara, Pandu, Brian, Sharih, Kak Mita, Anggun,
Catrin, Tika, Mimi and all of classmates in English Department 2008.
Thanks for discussingtime, guys!
7. My lovely sisters in Kost Halimun Abu-abu: Riris, Elly, Ewi, for being my
second family in Solo. Thanks for helping me in many ways.
8. For those who have not been mentioned yet, it does not mean that I ignore
your support, thank you very much.
Last, I hope that this thesis gives benefit for readers and other researchers
in the similar field of research. I realize that this thesis is not fully perfect, so all
kinds of suggestions and criticisms are welcomed.
Surakarta, July 2013
Aprilia Putri Atmaningrum
commit to user
viii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover ...................................................................................................... i
Approval of The Thesis Supervisor ....................................................... ii
Approval of The Board Examiners ........................................................ iii
Pronouncement ....................................................................................... iv
Motto ...................................................................................................... v
Dedication .............................................................................................. vi
Acknowledgement .................................................................................. vii
Table of Contents ................................................................................... ix
List of Tables .......................................................................................... xi
Abstract .................................................................................................. xii
I.
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background .................................................................. 1
B. Problem Statements .................................................................... 4
C. Research Objectives ................................................................... 4
D. Problem Limitation .................................................................... 4
E. Research Benefit ........................................................................ 5
F. Research Methodology ................................................................ 5
G. Thesis Organization .................................................................... 6
II.
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Pragmatics ................................................................................... 8
B. Context ........................................................................................ 10
C. Ethnography of Speaking ........................................................... 11
D. Speech Acts ................................................................................. 13
E. Request ........................................................................................ 17
F. Classification of Request............................................................. 18
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G. Politeness.....................................................................................
23
ix
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H. Review of Relevant Studies ........................................................ 26
I. Synopsis of the Film .................................................................... 27
III.
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Types of Research ....................................................................... 30
B. Data and Source of Data .............................................................. 31
C. Sample and Sampling Technique ................................................ 31
D. Technique of Collecting Data .....................................................31
E. Technique of Coding Data ..........................................................32
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ..................................................... 33
IV.
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Introduction ................................................................................ 34
B. Analysis ....................................................................................... 34
C. Discussion ................................................................................... 58
V.
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ................................................................................... 65
B. Suggestion ................................................................................... 67
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2. 1.
Table of Realizations of Request Strategies ........................
22
Table 4. 1.
Table Analysis the Types of Request Expressions .............
59
Table 4. 2.
Table Analysis of Politeness Strategy .................................
62
Table 4. 3.
Table Analysis the Use of Politeness Strategy in Request
Expressions ..........................................................................
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ABSTRACT
Aprilia Putri Atmaningrum. C0308080. 2013.An Analysis of Request
Expressions Employed by the Characters in a Film Entitled 27 Dresses (A
Pragmatics Approach).Undergraduate Thesis. English Department: Faculty
of Letters and Fine Arts. SebelasMaret University.
This research was conducted to describe the types of request expressions
employed by the characters in the film 27 Dressesbased on Trosborg’s theory and
the politeness strategy of Brown and Levinson as the choice of the characters to
express requests.
The research used pragmatics approach with the request expressions as the
scope of the analysis. This research was a descriptive qualitative research with
purposive sampling technique. The dialogues containing request expressions were
taken as the data. There were 16 data representing the criteria. The data were
analyzed with Trosborg’s theory of request expressions and Brown and
Levinson’s theory of politeness. Austin’s theory of three basic senses of acts and
Hymes’ ethnographyare also used in the analysis.
The result shows that the total data of the research are 16 data. There are
three types of request expressions namely hearer-oriented condition request with
11 data (68,75%), speaker-based condition request with 1 datum (6,25%) and
direct request with 4 data (25%). In hearer-oriented condition, the speaker
depends much on the hearer because the hearer has a rightto comply the desired
action or not. Different from hearer-oriented condition, in speaker-based
condition, the speaker’s interest becomes the priority. While in direct request, the
speaker may issue an order in uttering the request.
Politeness strategies are also applied by the characters of 27 Dresses film
to deliver their requests. There are two types of politeness strategies applied by
the characters of 27 Dresses film namely positive politeness in 9 data (56,25%)
and negative politeness in 7 data (43,75%).The characters deliver their request
expressions mix with politeness strategy depend on the context of situation that
happens on the conversation.
commit to user
xii