Scope of the Course
11
1
1
1
Scope of t h e Cou r se
To discuss various aspect s of wat ershed & it s m anagem ent – it t I nt egrat ed Wat ershed I t t d W t h d
Managem ent Approach .
ideal unit for m ult i- disciplinary
Wat ershed –
planning & m anagem ent of land & wat er resources –
ensure cont inuous benefit s – sust ainable way Wat ershed Managem ent ( WM) –
- – Sust ainable Managem ent of ent ire land & Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay resources.
Cou r se Obj e ct ive s
To discuss various aspect s of wat ershed developm ent and m anagem ent – resources: t echnological, social, ecological, environm ent al, sust ainable issues.
Focus - t echnical aspect s of WM; perspect ives on land & wat er m anagem ent ; analyze com plex issues in wat er l l m anagem ent and on specific knowledge on issues of WM. i f WM
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Cou r se Obj e ct ive s.. j
Course will be very useful t o
- – Undergraduat e & post - graduat e Undergraduat e & post graduat e st udent s,
- – Teachers, NGO’s, Field Engineers T h NGO’ Fi ld E i and Pract it ioners.
Num ber of field problem s w ill be – discussed t o illust rat e discussed t o illust rat e Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay t he concept s clearly.
Cou r se M odu le s - 1 0 ( 4 0 L) Cou r se M odu le s - 1 0 ( 4 0 L)
1) I nt roduct ion and Basic Concept s - 3
2) Sust ainable Wat ershed Approach & Wat ershed Managem ent Pract ices - 4 g
3) I nt egrat ed Wat ershed Managem ent - 4
4) Wat ershed Modeling - 7 4) W t h d M d li
7
5) Social Aspect s of Wat ershed Managem ent - 3 Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay P f T I Eldh D t t f Ci il E i i IIT B b
Cou r se M odu le s – 1 0 ( 4 0 L) Cou r se M odu le s – 1 0 ( 4 0 L)
6) Use of m odern t echniques in wat ershed m anagem ent - 5
7) Managem ent of Wat er Qualit y - 4 7) Managem ent of Wat er Qualit y 4
8) St orm Wat er and Flood Managem ent - 4
9) Drought Managem ent - 3 9) D ht M t 3
10) Wat er Conservat ion and Recycling )
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
y g -3Re fe r e n ce s
1) Allam , Gam al I brahim Y., Decision Support Syst em for I nt egrat ed Wat ershed Managem ent , Colorado St at e Universit y, 1994.
2) Am . Soc. Of Agri. Engr., Hydrologic Modeling of Sm all 2) Am Soc Of Agri Engr Hydrologic Modeling of Sm all Wat ersheds, Am . Soc. Agri. Eng., Michigan, 1982.
3) Am erican Soc. of Civil Engr., Wat ershed Managem ent , Am erican Soc. of Civil Engineers, New York, 1975. g , ,
4) Black Pet er E., Wat ershed Hydrology, Prent ice Hall,
London, 1991. 5) Michael A.M., I rrigat ion Engineering, Vikas Pub. house, 1992. h 1992
6) Raj esh Raj ora, I nt egrat ed Wat ershed Managem ent ,
Rawat Publicat ion, New Delhi, 1998.
7) Heat hcot e, I .W., I nt egrat ed Wat ershed Managem ent - 7) Heat hcot e I W I nt egrat ed Wat ershed Managem ent
Principles and Pract ice, Jown Wiley & Sons, London, 1998.Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Re fe r e n ce s…
8) Murt y, J.V.S. Wat ershed Managem ent , New Age
I nt l., New Delhi 1998. 9) Gopal I yer, K., & Roy U.N., ( Eds.) , Wat ershed
Managem ent & Sust ainable Developm ent , Kanishka
Publishers, New Delhi, 2005. , , 10) Purandare, A.P., Jaisw al A.K., Wat ersheds Developm ent in I ndia, NI RD, Hyderabad, 1995.
11) Vir Singh, Raj , Wat ershed Planning and 11) Vir Singh Raj Wat ershed Planning and
Managem ent , Yash Publishing House, Bikaner, 2000.
12) Paul A. Debarry., Wat ershed, Processes, Assessm ent & Managem ent , Wiley, London, 2004. Assessm ent & Managem ent Wiley London 2004
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
M odu le 1 – ( L1 - L3 ) M odu le 1 ( L1 L3 )
I n t r odu ct ion a n d Ba sic Con ce pt s
Concept of wat ershed, int roduct ion t o
wat ershed m anagem ent , different wat ershed m anagem ent different
st akeholders and t heir relat ive im port ance, wat ershed m anagem ent policies and decision m aking. policies and decision m aking.Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
L1 – I n t r odu ct ion t o W a t e r sh e d L1 M a n a ge m e n t
Topics Cove r e d Topics Cove r e d
Concept of Wat ershed; Wat ershed Approach; Concept of Wat ershed; Wat ershed Approach; C Com m on wat ershed problem s; I nt roduct ion t o C Com m on wat ershed problem s; I nt roduct ion t o t t h d bl h d bl I t I t d d t i t i t t Wat ershed Managem ent ( WM) -- WM necessit y & Wat ershed Managem ent ( WM) WM necessit y & principles; Case St udy. principles; Case St udy. principles; Case St udy principles; Case St udy
Wat ershed m anagem ent , Concept s, Wat ershed m anagem ent , Concept s, Keywords: Keywords: Charact erist ics, Det eriorat ion, Necessit y, Principles. Charact erist ics, Det eriorat ion, Necessit y, Principles.
Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d p p l l h h a a n n n n e e e e Watershed Concept m m a a in in c c n n m m Overland Rainfall
I nfiltration
e e s s s s e e rv rv o o i i ir ir R R Groundwater Groundwater Land HydrologyRiver Flow towards Ocean
Hydrosphere & hydrological Hydrosphere & hydrological cycle – cycle – gives bet t er concept gives bet t er concept about wat ershed about wat ershed b b t t t t h d h d
Condensation Condensation Evaporation Rainfall S f Surface water Groundwater t G d t
Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d.. Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d.. Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d
Hydrosphere Hydrosphere – H d H d h h – in physical geography i h i h in physical geography -- i i l l h h describes com bined m ass of wat ers found on, describes com bined m ass of wat ers found on, under and above t he surface of t he planet under and above t he surface of t he planet . under and above t he surface of t he planet . under and above t he surface of t he planet
Hydrosphere consist s wat ers of land ( rivers Hydrosphere consist s wat ers of land ( rivers and ot her w at er bodies, groundw at er syst em and ot her w at er bodies, groundw at er syst em and ot her w at er bodies, groundw at er syst em and ot her w at er bodies, groundw at er syst em et c.) , oceans & at m osphere surrounding t he et c.) , oceans & at m osphere surrounding t he land land
Hydrological Cycle -- Change in phase Hydrological Cycle Change in phase of w at er in t he of w at er in t he hydrosphere. hydrosphere.
Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d.. Con ce pt of W a t e r sh e d.. p p
Wat ershed: -- t opographically delineat ed area Wat ershed: t opographically delineat ed area p g p g p p y y t hat is drained by a st ream syst em t hat is drained by a st ream syst em
An area from which runoff result ing from precipit at ion An area from which runoff result ing from precipit at ion flow s past a single point int o a st ream , river, lake or an fl flow s past a single point int o a st ream , river, lake or an fl t i t i l l i t i t t i t i t t i i l k l k ocean. ocean.
Wat ershed -- drains from surrounding Wat ershed drains from surrounding g g
Watershed Watershed Ridge Rid ridges t o t he com m on point ridges t o t he com m on point
Ridge Ridge such as lake or st ream such as lake or st ream Overland
Valley Valley Shares boundaries wit h Shares boundaries wit h Shares boundaries wit h Shares boundaries wit h Groundwater River neighboring wat ersheds neighboring wat ersheds
..
River Creek ( w w w .fe r gu son fou n da t ion .or g/ bt w / Fig. m odifie d fr om Ocean Ocean
W a t e r sh e d ch a r a ct e r ist ics
Size
Shape
Shape
Physiography
Clim at e
Drainage
Land use
Veget at ion
Geology and Soils
Hydrology
Hydrology
Hydrogeology
Socioeconom ics
Siz e of W a t e r sh e d – Size Size – vary from few sq.m t o t housands of Sq.km . vary from few sq.m t o t housands of Sq.km .
- Main wat ershed, Sub Main wat ershed, Sub-- wat ershed, Milli ,, wat ershed, Milli-- ,, wat ershed, Micro-- wat ershed, Mini wat ershed, Micro wat ershed, Mini-- wat ershed et c. wat ershed et c.
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Watershed Approach Watershed Approach
Wat ershed approach -- appropriat e t o solve Wat ershed approach appropriat e t o solve various resources problem s various resources problem s -- for planning, for planning, i im plem ent at ion & m anagem ent im plem ent at ion & m anagem ent i l l t t i t t i & & t t
Managing Land & Wat er Managing Land & Wat er -- wat ershed scale, g g g g wat ershed scale, ,, appropriat e-- environm ent ally, financially & appropriat e environm ent ally, financially & socially socially
- – – Environm ent al scale Environm ent al scale -- w at ershed defined by nat ural wat ershed defined by nat ural
hydrology -- Resources becom es a focal point in hydrology Resources becom es a focal point in
order t o underst and fact ors t hat cont ribut es t he order t o underst and fact ors t hat cont ribut es t he
problem . problem .
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
W a t e r sh e d Appr oa ch cont d.. W a t e r sh e d Appr oa ch cont d..
Fin a n cia l a n d socia l be n e fit s of Fin a n cia l a n d socia l be n e fit s of w a t e r sh e d a ppr oa ch w a t e r sh e d a ppr oa ch pp pp
Core of wat ershed approach -- bet t er underst anding Core of wat ershed approach bet t er underst anding of environm ent al fact ors. of environm ent al fact ors. of environm ent al fact ors. of environm ent al fact ors.
Tasks such as m odeling, m onit oring & report ing Tasks such as m odeling, m onit oring & report ing
under wat ershed fram ework -- saves t im e and under wat ershed fram ework saves t im e and m oney. m oney. m oney m oney People’s part icipat ion -- pillar of wat ershed approach People’s part icipat ion pillar of wat ershed approach -- gives sense of ownership; great er public involvem ent gives sense of ownership; great er public involvem ent & ensures sust ainabilit y of int ervent ions planned. & ensures sust ainabilit y of int ervent ions planned.
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Watershed
W a t e r sh e d D e t e r ior a t ion W a t e r sh e d D e t e r ior a t ion
Soil erosion Watershed
Un con t r olle d, u n pla n n e d, Un con t r olle d, u n pla n n e d, u n scie n t ific la n d u se u n scie n t ific la n d u se Soil erosion
Agricult ural land: Agricult ural land: -- fault y pract ices, fault y pract ices, erosion, shift ing cult ivat ion et c. erosion, shift ing cult ivat ion et c.
Forest & grass lands: Forest & grass lands: -- t ree felling, t ree felling, grazing, fire et c. grazing, fire et c.
Unscient ific m ining and quarrying Unscient ific m ining and quarrying
Bad road alignm ent and const ruct ion Bad road alignm ent and const ruct ion
Ext ension of indust rial act ivit ies Ext ension of indust rial act ivit ies
People apat hy: People apat hy: -- People part icipat ion People part icipat ion Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay Wat ershed Det eriorat ion-- Consequences Wat ershed Det eriorat ion Consequences q q
Low product ivit y -- agricult ure, grasslands, Low product ivit y agricult ure, grasslands, forest s forest s -- reduct ion in biom ass f f t t reduct ion in biom ass d d t i t i i i bi bi
Declinat ion of groundw at er level-- Declinat ion of groundw at er level causing increase in cost of irrigat ion causing increase in cost of irrigat ion causing increase in cost of irrigat ion causing increase in cost of irrigat ion
Silt at ion of reservoirs, lakes and channels Silt at ion of reservoirs, lakes and channels
Frequent floods and drought s Frequent floods and drought s F eq ent floods and d o ght s F eq ent floods and d o ght s
Erosion and denudat ion Erosion and denudat ion
Wat er qualit y & quant it y problem s W t Wat er qualit y & quant it y problem s W t lit lit & t it bl & t it bl
Povert y – Povert y – social problem s social problem s http:/ / www.guardian.co.uk/ world/ gallery/ 2008/ aug/ 28/ india.india?picture= 337042017
Typica l W a t e r sh e d Pr oble m s Typica l W a t e r sh e d Pr oble m s
Physical problem s Physical problem s – – st eep slope, bad lands, soil erosion... st eep slope, bad lands, soil erosion... st eep slope, bad lands, soil erosion... st eep slope, bad lands, soil erosion...
Resource use problem s Resource use problem s
- – – shift ing cult ivat ion, fire, shift ing cult ivat ion, fire, shift ing cult ivat ion, fire, shift ing cult ivat ion, fire, deforest at ion et c. deforest at ion et c.
End problem s End problem s
End problem s End problem s
- – – reduced yield, flood, drought reduced yield, flood, drought
Socio Socio-- econom ic and ot her problem s econom ic and ot her problem s – – povert y, m igrat ion et c. povert y, m igrat ion et c. Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
W a t e r sh e d Com plica t ion s W a t e r sh e d Com plica t ion s
I nfluence of hum an on wat ershed I nfluence of hum an on wat ershed developm ent developm ent developm ent developm ent Ph t Photos: Singh, 07. Ph t Photos: Singh, 07. Si Si h 07 h 07 2001 2001
Eg: Changing cont our of land & use, pollut ion sources. Eg: Changing cont our of land & use, pollut ion sources.
Rem edies: Rem edies: Land m anagem ent , St op pollut ion at Land m anagem ent , St op pollut ion at source; wast e m anagem ent , Reduce -- fert ilizers. source; wast e m anagem ent , Reduce fert ilizers.
Wat er relat ed issues: Surface & groundwat er Wat er relat ed issues: Surface & groundwat er quant it y & qualit y. quant it y & qualit y. & & l l
change in cropping pat t ern, agricult ural change in cropping pat t ern, agricult ural Rem edies: Rem edies: wat er m anagem ent , rainwat er harvest ing, st opping wat er m anagem ent , rainwat er harvest ing, st opping wat er m anagem ent rainwat er harvest ing st opping wat er m anagem ent rainwat er harvest ing st opping point and non-- point sources of pollut ion point and non point sources of pollut ion
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay Necessit y of Wat ershed Managem ent Necessit y of Wat ershed Managem ent y y g g
For bet t er wat er & land m anagem ent For st abilit y of land use in lower areas For st abilit y of land use in lower areas For arrest ing soil erosion, im proving soil m oist ure, reducing floods & drought s m oist ure reducing floods & drought s For developing wat er, land and biom ass resources wit h a focus on social and resources wit h a focus on social and environm ent al aspect s For j udicious use of nat ural resources - j act ive part icipat ion of st ake holders, in h ttp:/ / watershed.kar.nic.i harm ony wit h t he ecosyst em Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Pr in ciple s of W a t e r sh e d M a n a ge m e n t Pr in ciple s of W a t e r sh e d M a n a ge m e n t
Ut ilizes land according t o capabilit y Ut ilizes land according t o capabilit y
Maint ain adequat e veget at ive cover for Maint ain adequat e veget at ive cover for cont rol of soil erosion cont rol of soil erosion
Conserve m axim um possible rainw at er Conserve m axim um possible rainw at er
at places w here it falls -- Cont our farm ing at places w here it falls at places w here it falls Cont our farm ing at places w here it falls Cont our farm ing Cont our farm ing Drain out excess w at er w it h a safe Drain out excess w at er w it h a safe velocit y t o avoid soil erosion and st ore it velocit y t o avoid soil erosion and st ore it velocit y t o avoid soil erosion and st ore it velocit y t o avoid soil erosion and st ore it for fut ure use for fut ure use
Prevent ing erosion & t o increase Prevent ing erosion & t o increase groundw at er recharge groundw at er recharge
Overall m anagem ent of t he available Overall m anagem ent of t he available resources in a sust ainable way resources in a sust ainable way resources in a sust ainable way resources in a sust ainable way
( Re f: N a n di P.K. ( Re f: N a n di P.K. N a n di P.K. M a n a ge m e n t of Uppe r La k e W a t e r sh e d. N a n di P.K. M a n a ge m e n t of Uppe r La k e W a t e r sh e d. Fir st I n t e r a ge n cy Fir st I n t e r a ge n cy Fir st I n t e r a ge n cy Fir st I n t e r a ge n cy Ca se st u dy: Uppe r La k e W M Ca se st u dy: Uppe r La k e W M Con fe r e n ce on Re se a r ch in t h e W a t e r sh e ds, Oct obe r 2 7 -- 3 0 , 2 0 0 3 , Be n son , Ar izon a ) Con fe r e n ce on Re se a r ch in t h e W a t e r sh e ds, Oct obe r 2 7 3 0 , 2 0 0 3 , Be n son , Ar izon a ) M a n a ge m e n t of Uppe r La k e W a t e r sh e d. M a n a ge m e n t of Uppe r La k e W a t e r sh e d.
Upper Upper Lake Lake of of Bhopal, Bhopal, MP, MP, I ndia I ndia
2
2
Wat ershed Area Wat ershed Area -- 361 361 km km
2
2
Wat er Wat er spread Wat er spread Wat er spread area spread area area area – – 31 31km 31 31km km km t h t h
Creat ed in Creat ed in t he t he 11 11 cent ury cent ury AD AD
By By obst ruct ing obst ruct ing nat ural nat ural flow flow of of Kolans, a Kolans, a rain rain-- fed fed t ribut ary t ribut ary of of Bet w a Bet wa river by river river by river by const ruct ing by const ruct ing const ruct ing an const ruct ing an an eart hen an eart hen eart hen dam eart hen dam dam dam
Locat ion:: Lat Locat ion Lat ..23 23ºº 12 12'' t o t o 23 23ºº 16 16'N 'N & & Ref: www.ramsar.org Long.. 77 Long 77ºº 18 18'' t o t o 77 77ºº 23 23'' E E Upper Lake Wat ershed –Land Use ( 2003) - approxim at e ( ) pp
Built Up Area 21.0 km 2 Crop Land 219 3 km 2 Crop Land 219.3 km 2 Open Forest 5.4 km 2 Land wit h Scrub or 90.4 km 2 Wit hout Scrub Barren Rocky/ St ony 8.6 km 2 Ot her Lakes/ Ponds 16.3 km 2 Tot al Wat ershed Area 361.00 km 2 Tot al Wat ershed Area 361.00 km 2
Som e in for m a t ion on Uppe r La k e Som e in for m a t ion on Uppe r La k e I m por t a n ce I m por t a n ce ::
- – – Lifeline Lifeline for for farm ers farm ers and and fisherm en fisherm en -- about about 500 500 fam ilies fam ilies
- – – Principal source of pot able wat er t o t he cit y of Bhopal Principal source of pot able wat er t o t he cit y of Bhopal – –m ore t han 1.5 m illion people m ore t han 1.5 m illion people
En vir on m e n t a l Con ce r n s a ffe ct in g Uppe r En vir on m e n t a l Con ce r n s a ffe ct in g Uppe r la k e : la k e :
- Det eriorat ion Det eriorat ion of of wat er wat er qualit y qualit y
- Reduct ion of st orage capacit y of t he lake Reduct ion of st orage capacit y of t he lake
- Obst ruct ion t o sm oot h flow t hrough t he spill channel of Obst ruct ion t o sm oot h flow t hrough t he spill channel of t he lake t he lake
- Growt h of invasive aquat ic plant s Growt h of invasive aquat ic plant s
Som e Problem s - Upper Lake Area pp w w w .ramsar.org Ref:
Flow of Sewage and Silt at ion in Upper Weed Grow t h in Upper Lake Lake from t he Adj oining Colonies Lake from t he Adj oining Colonies I nt ervent ions -- Upper Lake conservat ion I nt ervent ions Upper Lake conservat ion
I nit iat ion -- Minist ry of Envi. & Forest s, Gov. I ndia & I nit iat ion Minist ry of Envi. & Forest s, Gov. I ndia &
St at e Gov. St at e Gov. Designat ed Designat ed as Designat ed Designat ed as as Bhoj as Bhoj Bhoj Wet land Bhoj Wet land Wet land along Wet land along along wit h along wit h wit h Low er wit h Low er Low er lake Low er lake lake lake-- locat ed locat ed d/ s d/ s of of Upper Upper Lake Lake
I nt ervent ions: I nt ervent ions:
50 m w ide st rip of land all along t he FTL of t he 50 m w ide st rip of land all along t he FTL of t he 50 m w ide st rip of land all along t he FTL of t he 50 m w ide st rip of land all along t he FTL of t he lake w as dem arcat ed for avoiding encroachm ent lake w as dem arcat ed for avoiding encroachm ent
Buffer Zone bet w een lake and hum an set t lem ent s Buffer Zone bet w een lake and hum an set t lem ent s FTL-- Full Tank Level FTL Full Tank Level
I n t e r ve n t ion s I n t e r ve n t ion s
I nt ensive plant at ion in buffer zone I nt ensive plant at ion in buffer zone
2
2
2
2
( 1.7 m illion plant s/ 10 km ( 1 7 m illion plant s/ 10 km ( 1.7 m illion plant s/ 10 km ( 1 7 m illion plant s/ 10 km )) ))
Const ruct ion of 73 Check dam s Const ruct ion of 73 Check dam s across 28 inlet channels across 28 inlet channels across 28 inlet channels across 28 inlet channels
Developm ent of sewerage Developm ent of sewerage Developm ent of sewerage Developm ent of sewerage syst em for m anaging 35 MLD dom est ic sewage syst em for m anaging 35 MLD dom est ic sewage
Solid wast e m anagem ent Pract ices Solid wast e m anagem ent Pract ices Solid wast e m anagem ent Pract ices Solid wast e m anagem ent Pract ices
Organic farm ing inst ead of inorganic fert ilizers Organic farm ing inst ead of inorganic fert ilizers
St a k e h olde r Pa r t icipa t ion St a k e h olde r Pa r t icipa t ion
Well Coordinat ed awareness program s Well Coordinat ed awareness program s
Reforest at ion of wat ershed area Reforest at ion of wat ershed area t hrough part icipat ion of t hrough part icipat ion of farm ers farm ers
Part icipat ion of polit ical, religious leaders, Part icipat ion of polit ical, religious leaders, Part icipat ion of polit ical, religious leaders, Part icipat ion of polit ical, religious leaders, dist rict / cit y adm inist rat ion, local people, dist rict / cit y adm inist rat ion, local people, NGOs, schools / colleges NGOs, schools / colleges NGOs, schools / colleges NGOs, schools / colleges
Prom ot ion of organic farm ing in t he w at ershed Prom ot ion of organic farm ing in t he w at ershed t hrough part icipat ion of farm ers t hrough part icipat ion of farm ers g g p p p p
Re su lt s of I m ple m e n t a t ion s Re su lt s of I m ple m e n t a t ion s
Reduced sedimentation due to Reduced sedimentation due to construction of silt traps and construction of silt traps and construction of silt traps and construction of silt traps and plantation plantation
General ambience of the area General ambience of the area General ambience of the area General ambience of the area improved due to buffer zone improved due to buffer zone
Ample job opportunities for the Ample job opportunities for the local people local people
No significant deterioration of the No significant deterioration of the water quality water quality
W M Ca se St u dy– Le sson s Le a r n e d
Necessit y of I nt egrat ed Wat ershed Approach
I m port ance of conservat ion pract ices – I t f t i t i necessit y of buffer zone
Overall environm ent al m anagem ent Overall environm ent al m anagem ent
Necessit y of legal fram ew ork t o cont rol ant hropogenic act ivit ies ant hropogenic act ivit ies
Necessit y of long t erm m anagem ent plans
People s part icipat ion- success of t he proj ect . People’s part icipat ion success of t he proj ect
Tu t or ia l – Qu e st ion s?
A) Discuss wat ershed concept wit hin t he perspect ive of holist ic t he perspect ive of holist ic developm ent of an area.
B) I llust rat e im port ant wat ershed charact erist ics.
B) I llust rat e im port ant wat ershed
C) Describe wat ershed det eriorat ion and it s consequences.
C) Describe wat ershed det eriorat ion
D) Wh h i relat ed problem s in a wat ershed?.
D) What are t he im port ant wat er
Se lf Eva lu a t ion – Qu e st ion s?. Q
A) What is a w at ershed?. What is t he im port ance of wat ershed based approach in im port ance of wat ershed based approach in wat er m anagem ent ?.
B) Discuss wat ershed approach – planning planning, im plem ent at ion & m anagem ent .
B) Discuss wat ershed approach
C) What are t he im port ant principles of wat ershed m anagem ent ?.
C) What are t he im port ant principles of
D) Discuss wat ershed m anagem ent as a ) g part of sust ainable developm ent .
Assign m e n t – Qu e st ion s?. g Q
A) Discuss t he wat er m anagem ent in a w at ershed as a part of hydrologic cycle?. w at ershed as a part of hydrologic cycle?
B) What are t he t ypical w at ershed relat ed problem s?. problem s?
C) Discuss t he necessit y of wat ershed m anagem ent by considering various m anagem ent by considering various problem s in an arid zone wat ershed?.
D) Wit h t he help of a case st udy, show t he ) p y, im port ance of people part icipat ion in Wat ershed Managem ent ?.
Un solve d Pr oble m !. Un solve d Pr oble m !
I n your localit y, ident ify your w at ershed area. I n your localit y, ident ify your w at ershed area.
List out t he sources of w at er for t he area. List out t he sources of w at er for t he area. List out t he sources of w at er for t he area List out t he sources of w at er for t he area I dent ify t he nat ure of your w at ershed. I dent ify t he nat ure of your w at ershed.
List out t he w at er problem s of your area. List out t he w at er problem s of your area. List out t he w at er problem s of your area List out t he w at er problem s of your area
Develop a plan present ing how w ill you apply Develop a plan present ing how w ill you apply t he principles of wat ershed m anagem ent t o your t he principles of wat ershed m anagem ent t o your p p p p o o a a d d a ag a ag o you o you area?. area?.
List out bot h short t erm and long t erm benefit s List out bot h short t erm and long t erm benefit s from t he int ervent ions of your plan. from t he int ervent ions of your plan.
Re fe r e n ce s Re fe r e n ce s
Vir Singh, Raj , “ Wat ershed Planning and
Managem ent ” , Yash Publishing House, g , g , Bikaner, 2000.
Murt y, J.V.S. “ Wat ershed Managem ent ” , New Age I nt l., New Delhi 1998. New Age I nt l New Delhi 1998
Black Pet er E., “ Wat ershed Hydrology” , Prent ice Hall, London, 1991.
Nandi P.K. “ Managem ent of Upper Lake Nandi P.K. “ Managem ent of Upper Lake
Wat ershed” . Wat ershed” . First I nt eragency Conference on First I nt eragency Conference on
Research in t he Wat ersheds, Oct ober 27-- 30, Research in t he Wat ersheds, Oct ober 27 ,, 30, ,, 2003, Benson, Arizona. 2003, Benson, Arizona.
ht t p: / / w w w .t ucson.ars.ag.gov/ icrw / Proceedi ht t p: / / w w w .t ucson.ars.ag.gov/ icrw / Proceedi ngs/ Nandi.pdf ngs/ Nandi.pdf ngs/ Nandi pdf ngs/ Nandi pdf
Dr. T. I. Eldho Dr. T. I. Eldho Professor, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, p p g g g g Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, 400 076. Mumbai, India, 400 076. Email: Email: Email: Email: eldho@iitb.ac.in eldho@iitb.ac.in eldho@iitb.ac.in eldho@iitb.ac.in Phone: (022) – Phone: (022) – 25767339; Fax: 25767302 25767339; Fax: 25767302