Same Time - Same Place (1)

  Same Time - Same Place (1) G53CCT - Lecture 9

  The Time/Space Matrix Face-to-face conversation

  Telephone Post-it note Letter ^{Same Time Different Time Same Place Different Place}

  Dix 1998, p465 The CCT Matrix Johansen 1988, in Baecker 1995, p. 742 _{(One meeting Site) (Multiple meeting sites)} Same Place Different Place _Face-to-face Remote interactions _{Same Time (Synchronous} 1) Group meetings _{Public computer displays interactions conferencing systems Shared view desktop}

  Desktop conferencing _{communication) Electronic meeting rooms Group decision support} 2) Tabletops _{with collaborative editors Video conferencing} 3) Public Displays systems _{Media spaces conferencing bulletin Asynchronous} Vanilla email _{Different Time (Asynchronous Group displays} Team rooms _{Structured messaging boards communication)} Shift work groupware _{Project management Workflow management systems Meeting schedulers} Version control Same Time Same Place (1) Meeting Rooms and Group Decision Support Systems

  Traditional STSP Tools

  WYSIWIS - What You See Is What I See

• Everyone should be on exactly the same page
• That way everyone knows whats happening

• and working on the same things

  Colab - Xerox PARC (Stefik et al, 1987)

• support Face-2-Face meetings

  2-6 PCs and ‘Liveboard’ to


• Systems (GDSS)

• Boardnoter
 - Cognoter Learned a lot about effective

• collaboration 

• and who can see what

   Boardnoter Collaborative Drawing Tool

• drawing Draw tools

  General


• Prev. Bo

  Cognoter Supports meetings to organise a presentation, or paper, etc

• Brainstorming

• anyone can type a phrase in at anytime

• everyone see’s everyones inputs Organise ideas

• linking ideas together

• grouping ideas

• moving groups to different windows Evaluating the ideas as a group, editing, and ordering as a group

  Colab WYSIWYS Not WYSIWIS

  Where ‘strict’ WYSIWIS showed everyone the same thing

• Colab taught us that its best to relax some dimensions

• in order to make collaboration more effective
 
 


YOU MUST READ

  WYSIWIS Revisited: Early Experiences with Multiuser Interfaces (its on the schedule & in moodle - might be in exam)

Relaxing WYSIWIS = WYSIWYS

• Display space - WYSIWIS for a subset of visual objects
 

• Time of display - provide control over when it updates
 

• Subgroups - allow interaction in dynamic subgroups
 

• Congruence - allow information to be seen differently in
 different situations

  WYSIWYS in Boardnoter Which dimensions?

  Issue 1 - seeing everyones cursors is distracting


• • - solution - show your pointer and ‘telepointers’

  Issue 2 - allow privacy when trying to articulate an idea


• • - solution - only show update when complete

  Issue 3 - when shrinking views by pixel - detail was lost


• • - solution - new algorithms for keeping key detail in shrink

  WYSIWHY in Cognoter Issue 1 - Screens overcrowded with other peoples windows


• • - Solution - participants able to “shrink” some windows
• • - Solution - artificial flickering representing activity

  Issue 2 - its hard to see when changes in “shrunk” windows


• • - Solution - telepointers only showing to subgroup

  Issue 3 - subgroups pointing without affecting other groups pointing


• • - Solution - switch between sub-group and global telepointers

  Issue 4 - subgroups need to show things to whole room


  Roomware: The i-LAND (Streitz et al, 2001)

  Vision for collaborative offices, using everything


• from specialised hardware/software

• to furniture

• to architecture The architecture and furniture affect types of collaboration
>Generated by discussing scenarios with oil/car compa

  Envisioned Parts of i-LAND Dynawall - large displays (4.5m x 1m) - “take & put” interaction

• • ReacTable - touch sensitive tables (back projection) for 
 •

  sorting/rating objects CommChairs - armchairs with laptop-slots - for comfortable 


• • collaboration, but private spaces within public ones
• • - objects recognised by weight

  Passenger Objects - any physical object “carries” information, 


• • for collaboration

  ConnecTables - modular interfaces that can be connected together


  PalmBeach - PDAs that can beam information to other hardware

• • Magnets - digital objects rebel, unless connected when they attract •

   Real Collaborative Workplaces

  Hardware/Software often gets organised purposefully

• We need something that will display this information at all
>times We need a large display of the surgery, so others can dis

Real Collaborative Workplaces

• Devices often get bought arbitrarily, at different times
• Hardware often has to exist with other older hardware
• This creates an ‘ecology’ of devices

  One Problem: Information gets stuck i.e. on a whiteboard - Branham et al, 2010

  Interviewed 10 people about what happens to information

• that gets written on whiteboards Discovered 5 key points

• Tension between erasing and writing

• Lifespan of content varies

• Transporting Content away

• Importance of Content
 - Serendipitous Value

  Erasing vs Writing New

  People avoid wiping boards until it the board was needed

• People erase their own stuff before other peoples

• recreate their own ideas easily, not others peoples People worried about erasing offloaded thoughts/decisions
• Really important info *should* get acted on

• and then can be erased

  Differences in Lifespan

• Boards contain everything from fleeting to persistent info
• From a few seconds to a few years

• “Seven participants identified 41 items to be several months old”

• Visual aids for conversations were often fleeting
• Boards can contain both fleeting and persistent at the same time

Getting things off the board

• Turning into docs, taking photos, or internalising it

• 8 participants said they had taken photos - only 1 revisited them

• Most pictures were a safety net
• 5 participants said they converted boards to paper, digital etc

  Board content can be valuable

  Temporal value if valuable for more than one day

• Spatial value if valuable outside of the created room
• 101 drawings categorised
• 24% were both T & S

• 30% had only Temporal
 5% had only Spatial
 41% had neither

  Serendipitous/Awareness benefits

• lots on the board means lots to do Several people intentionally left notes for others to find

Several people used the board as an awareness of progress


• Several people had new ideas when arbitrarily glancing at
• drawings on the board

  

ReBoard: for... ReBoarding stuff

• _{r Figure 1. ReBoard system architecture.}

  on

  Cameras took photos if


• board changed Re-access in diff places

• Via calendar view _{Figure 2. Web UI, calendar view}

  

Opportunities provided by Tech

Opportunities _{offered by Media Reviewability} ^Revisability

^Co-presence

^Visibility _Audibility

  Sequentiality Simultaneity ^{Co-temporality 29} Group Decision Support Systems GDSS - Desanctis et al, 1987

  Combine: Communication, computers, and decision

• technologies to support problem formulation and resolution Because

• decision making meetings are increasingly common

• decisions are becoming more complex

• there is a higher focus on consensus

Supporting Decisions

• Agenda Setting and Following
• Decision modeling methods (decision trees etc)
• Structured group methods
• Rules for directing group dicsussion

Three Levels of GDSS

  Level 1 - remove communication barriers


• large shared screens

• allow anonymity

• voting and discussing Level 2 - integrate decision making tools

• provide planning tools

• integrate analysis tools

• group structuring techniques Level 3 - automate communication patterns

• meeting rules and procedures

• automated conflict identification and resolution

Conclusions

• There are many ways to make face-2-face meetings more flexible

• Tools focus on portability of information
• Tools focus on both privacy, sharing, and control
• WYSIWYS not WYSIWIS
• Tools can help with processes

References • Stefik, Mark, et al. "Beyond the chalkboard: computer support for collaboration and problem solving in meetings." Communications of the ACM 30.1 (1987): 32-47. • Streitz, Norbert A., et al. "Roomware: Towards the Next Generation of Human-Computer:

  Interaction based on an Integrated Design of Real and Virtual Worlds." Human-Computer Interaction in the New Millenium, Addison Wesley(2001): 551-576. ^• Stacy Branham, Gene Golovchinsky, Scott Carter, and Jacob Biehl. Let's Go from the Whiteboard: Supporting Transitions in Work through Whiteboard Capture and Reuse. In Proc. CHI 2010, April 10, 2010 ^• Desanctis, Gerardine, and R. Brent Gallupe. "A foundation for the study of group decision support systems." Management science 33.5 (1987): 589-609.