Ch 03. Culture Tecnology and Regulation ajar

  What is Culture?

Organizational culture:

  the set of shared values and norms that controls organizational members’ interactions with each other and with people outside the organization

Levels of Corporate Culture

  Observable Symbols _{Ceremonies, Stories, Slogans, Behaviors, Dress,} Physical Settings Underlying _{Values, Assumptions,} Beliefs, Attitudes,

  How Employee Learn a Culture

Culture is transmitted to employees in a number of forms:

  Stories Symbols Rituals language

  How Employee Learn a Culture

Culture is transmitted to employees in a

number of forms, the most potent being :

  Stories

• • Are narratives based on true events that are frequently shared among organizational employees and told to new employees to inform them about an organization.

Stories

  How Employee Learn a Culture

Culture is transmitted to employees in a number of forms, the most potent being :

• For example :
• Nordstrom employees are found the following story. It strongly conveys the company’s policy toward customer return.

  How Employee Learn a Culture Culture is transmitted to employees in a number of forms, the most potent being :

  Symbols

• Symbols are powerful because they focus attention on specific item.

  Organizational Chart for Nordstrom Customers

  Customers Sales & Sales Support

  Sales & Sales Support Dept Managers

  Dept Managers Store Mgrs, Buyers, Merch Mgrs Store Mgrs, Buyers, Merch Mgrs

  Board of Directors Board of Directors

  How Employee Learn a Culture Culture is transmitted to employees in a number of forms :

Language

• Many companies uses specific saying or other form of language to convey special meaning to employees.
• Averitt Express’s motto, our driving force is people,”applies to both employees and customers.

Rituals

  How Employee Learn a Culture Culture is transmitted to employees in a number of forms :

• Repetitive sequences of activities that express

  and reinforce the key values of the

  organization.

  Relationship of Environment and Strategy to Corporate Culture Needs of the Environment

  Flexibility Stability External Mission Adaptability Culture Culture us _{Risk taking. E.g (Innovation, Goals: sales,} ^{(Achievement of} oc _{Amazon.com) growth)} F ic

  Clan eg

  Culture _{(Participation} Bureaucratic at _{Org members: high} Culture tr _{Commitment and (Highly integrated} S _{performance) And efficiency)}

  Internal

  Organizational Design and Culture Adaptability Culture

  Characterized by strategic focus on the external environment through flexibility and change to meet customer needs. It actively create change Innovation, creativity and risk taking are valued and rewarded. Most e-commerce company such as Amazon.com as well as companies in the marketing, electronics use this type of culture because they must move qickly to satisfy customers.

  Organizational Design and Culture Mission Culture

  Organization concerned with specific customer in the external environment, but with out the need for rapid change. Characterized by emphasis on a clear vision of the organization’s purpose and on the achievement of goals, such as sales growth, profitability or market share.

  Individual employees may be responsible for a specified level of performance, and the organization promises specified reward in return.

  Organizational Design and Culture Clan Culture

  Primary focus on the involvement and participation of the organization’s members and on rapidly changing

expectations from the external environment.

This culture focuses on the needs of employees as the route to high performance, greater commitment to the organization. Company in the fashion and retail industries often adopt this culture because it release the creativity of employees to respond to rapidly changing tastes.

  Organizational Design and Culture

Bureaucratic Culture

  Has an internal focus and consistency

orientation for a stable environment.

  Personal involvement is somewhat lower here.

  This organization succeeds by being highly integrated and efficiency.

  Social Structure

In Western societies, there is a focus on the

individual individual achievement is common dynamism of the U.S. economy high level of entrepreneurship

But, creates a lack of company loyalty

  

competition between individuals in a company

instead of than team building less ability to develop a strong network of contacts within a firm

  An

Achievement-

Success Appeal

  Nilai-nilai Inti Orang Amerika

Kemajuan

  

Orang AS memberikan respon yg baik thd janji

kemajuan dan kesediaannya menerima kemajuan

berhubungan erat dgn nilai inti lainnya seperti

prestasi, sukses, efisiensi dan kepraktisan.

  Implikasi pemasaran : Orang AS bersedia menerima berbagai pernyataan produk yg

menekankan “baru”, “diperbaiki”, “tehan lebih

lama”, “lebih mengkilat”, “lebih cepat”, “lebih lancar”,”kekuatan yg meningkat”.

  

Progress

is a

Winning

Appeal

  Social Structure

In many Asian societies, the group is the primary unit of social organization

  

discourages job switching between firms

encourages lifetime employment systems

leads to cooperation in solving business

problems

Nonverbal Communications Signals

  Considered rude in Asian cultures to refuse someone’s request, so an Asian business

person may not give a direct “no” answer to a

sales request

  

Shaking the head “side to side” means “no”

to North Americans but “yes” to Bulgarians.

Technology’s Influence Technology’s Influence on Business on Business

  Technology refers to the tools and machines people have invented to make life easier.

  

Perhaps the most common technology staple used in

businesses today is the computer.

Modern Technology Modern Technology

  In the past 50 years, electronics revolutionized business and society.

  There is a never-ending demand to make electronic goods smaller, faster, cheaper, and more powerful.

  

Computers can store thousands of files electronically,

saving time and office space.

  The computer created a boom in nearly all business industries.

E-Workforce E-Workforce

  According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics more than 70 million people use computers daily.

Employment Employment

  Technology makes people work easier and faster.

  Technology’s speed saves time and creates new jobs.

Digital Workflow Digital Workflow

  Placing hard copies of documents on a digital platform, like CD-ROMs or a database, has had a great influence on the efficient use of time.

  

By switching information to a digital format, there is

less paper involved.

  A digital workflow links all the steps in a process, like publishing, electronically.

New Jobs New Jobs

  The Internet has created a demand for new jobs such as software writers, online writers, and Web page designers.

Virtual Business Virtual Business

  The ease of doing business online has created a boom in new businesses, or start-ups.

  This type of business is called a virtual business. Universities, colleges, and community centers offer

technical training or degrees for people interested in

expanding their technology skills.

  

Technology skills will make you very attractive to an

employer.

  

E-Commerce

E-Commerce

  Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, has made it possible for businesses to directly reach customers anywhere in the world.

  The main activity of e-commerce is buying and selling goods and services.

E-Ticket E-Ticket

  Using their computers, people can now purchase e-tickets, or electronic tickets.

  Some people find purchasing an e-ticket is easier and cheaper than visiting an actual ticket agency.

  Regulation Regulation Government rules promote and regulate the actions of business. The laws influence the

production, selling, and pricing of

goods and services.

  How Government Affects How Government Affects

Business

Business

  To promote economic growth, local,

state, and national governments pass

laws to both promote and regulate business.

Government as Regulator Government as Regulator

  The four aspects of the economy that the government regulates are:

  1. Protecting competition

  2. Protecting business agreements

  3. Protecting creative properties

  4. Regulating the production process

Protecting Competition Protecting Competition

  An oligopoly is when a small number of companies control the market without actually forming a trust.

  A company that controls an entire industry is called a monopoly.

Protecting Competition Protecting Competition

  Rival companies can form a monopoly by banding together into a trust and agreeing not to compete with each other.

  

Antitrust laws allow the government to break

  up monopolies, regulate them, or take them over.

  

Protecting Creative Properties

Protecting Creative Properties

• A copyright gives artists the sole right to own their creations, such as plays, photos, music, paintings, and books.
• A patent gives you the sole right to own an invention.

Protecting Creative Properties Protecting Creative Properties

  A trademark is a brand name, trade name, trade characteristic, or a combination of these that is given legal protection by the federal government.

Regulating the Production Regulating the Production Process Process

  The government tries to stop industrial pollutants with regulations.

  These regulations limit the amount of wastes that factories can discharge into the environment.

  Providing Public Services Providing Public Services

  The government is the single largest provider of services in the country.

Government as Provider Government as Provider

  People pay for government-provided goods and services through taxes.

  The idea behind taxes is to pay for public goods and services and to share the cost among many people.

Government as Provider Government as Provider

• Government spending decisions directly affect how resources are allocated.
• Government spending influences the distribution of income, or the way in which income is allocated among families, individuals, or other designated groups in the economy.

Providing Public Services Providing Public Services

• Many of the services the government provides are necessary for the protection of the public.
• Other services promote social welfare.

• •To pay for services, the government has to raise

  money.
• The money the government takes in is called revenue.

Providing Public Services Providing Public Services

• Federal income tax is used to pay for highways, defense, and social security.
• Local taxes are used to pay for streets, libraries, and parks.

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PUBLIC _TRANSIT ^PUBLIC _TRANSIT

GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

SERVICES

SERVICES

GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT

SERVICES

SERVICES

  

Services the Government Provides

Services the Government Provides

  

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  _RECREATION ^{PARKS AND} _RECREATION ^{COURT SYSTEM COURT SYSTEM PUBLIC} _EDUCATION ^PUBLIC _EDUCATION WELFARE _SUBSIDIES ^WELFARE _SUBSIDIES ^POSTAL _SERVICES ^POSTAL _SERVICES

^PUBLIC

^SAFETY

^PUBLIC

^SAFETY

  Providing Work Providing Work

•The government is the single largest employer in the country.

• The federal government employs over three million people.
• For people temporarily out of work, the government provides unemployment insurance.

  .

• The government provides welfare benefits and job training programs.

• •Social Security provides insurance by taking a certain amount