Perkembangan Cacing Pontoscolex corethrurus Pada Media Kultur Dengan Berbagai Jenis Bahan Organik dan Tekstur Tanah
43
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Amirat, F., K. Hairiah., S. Kurniawan. 2014. Perbaikan Biopori oleh Cacing
Tanah (Pontoscolex corethrurus). Apakah Perbaikan Porositas Tanah
Akan Meningkatkan Pencucian Nitrogen. Jurnal Tanah dan
Sumberdaya Lahan. 1(2): 28–37.
Brown, G., S.W. James., A. Pasini., D.H Nunes., N. P. Benito., P.T. Martins.,
K.D. Sautter. 2006. Exotic, Peregrine, and Invasive Earthworms in
Brazil : Diversity, Distribution, and Effects on Soils and Plants.
Caribbean Journal of Science. 42(3)-350-358.
Buch, A.C., G. Brown., C.C. Nirva., K.D.Satter., & L.F . Lourencato. 2011. Life
Cycle of Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857) in Tropical Artificial
Soil. Pedobiologia 50268: 1-7.
Campos, J.R., L. Dendooven., D.A. Bernal., S.M.C. Ramos. 2014. Potential of
Earthworms to Accelerate Removal of Organic Contaminants From
Soil : A Review. Applied Soil Ecology 79:10-25.
Castellanos, B., A. Ortiz-Ceballos., S. Martinez., J.C. Noa-Carrazana., M.L.
Guido., L. Dendooven., S.M. Contreras. 2013. Removal of benzo (a)
pyrene From Soil Using an Endogeic Earthworm Pontoscolex
corethrurus. Applied Soil Ecology 70: 62-69.
Chaudhuri, P. S., T. K. Pal, G. Bhattacharjee & S. K. Dey. 2003. Rubber leaf
litters (Hevea brasiliensisvar RRIM 600) as vermiculture substrate for
epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia
fetida. Pedobiologia 47: 796-800.
Coja, T., K. Zehetner., A. Bruckner., A. Watzinger., E. Meyer. 2008. Efficacy and
Side Effects of Five Sampling Methods for Soil Earthworms.
Ecotoxicology and Enviromental Safety 71:552-565.
D’Alexis, S., A. Simphor., G.L. Merciris., M. Boval. 2010. Earthworms as a
Biological Control Agent of Nematode Parasites of Small Ruminants.
Advances in Animal Bioscieces. DOI:10.1017/52040470010000385
(Diakses pada 28 Desember 2015).
Darmawan, A., T. Atmowidi., W. Manalu., B. Suryobroto. 2015. Pontoscolex
corethrurus in Forest Transformation System in Bungku Village,
Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversity Journal. 6(2):505-512.
Dominguez, J., and A. Edwards. 1997. Effects of Stocking Rate And Moisture
Content on the Growth and Maturation of Eisenia Andrei in Pig
Manure. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29(3/4):743-746.
Frund, H.C., K. Butt., Y. Capowiez., N. Eisenhauer., C. Emmerling., G. Ernst., M.
Potthoff., M.Schadler., S. Schrader. 2010. Using Earthworms as Model
Universitas Sumatera Utara
44
Organisms in Laboratory: Recommendations for Experimental for
Experimental Implementations. Pedobiologia 53:119-125.
Garcia, J. A., and C. Fragoso. 2003. Influence of Different Food Substrates on
Growth and Reproduction of Two Tropical Earthworm Species.
Pedobilogia 47: 754-763.
Gonzalez, G., C.Y. Huang., Z. Xiaoming., C. Rodriguez. 2006. Earthworm
Invasion in the Tropics. Biol Invasions. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-0069023-7 (Diakses pada 28 Desember 2015).
Hamel, N.S., and J.K Whalen. 2006. Growth Rates of Aporrectodea caliginosa as
Influenced by Soil Temperature and Moisture in Disturbed and
Undisturbed Soil Columns. Pedobiologia 50:207-215.
Hanafiah KA, Napoleon A dan Nuni G. 2005. Biologi tanah ekologi dan
makrobiologi tanah. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
Handayanto dan Hairiah. 2009. Biologi Tanah Landasan Pengelolaan Tanah
Sehat, Cetakan ke 2. Pustaka Adipura. Yogyakarta
Hendrix, P.F., and P.J. Bohlen. 2002. Exotic Earthworm Invasions in North
America : Ecological and Policy Implications. BioScience. 52(9):801811.
Hendrix, P.F., G.H. Baker., M.A. Callaham Jr., G.A. Damoff., C.Fragoso., G.
Gonzalez., S.W. James., S.L. Lachnicht., T.Winsome., X. Zou. 2006.
Invasion of Exotic Earthworms into Ecosystems Inhabited by Native
Earthworms. Biol Invasions. DOI:10.1007/s10530-006-9002-8 (Diakses
pada 28 Desember 2015).
Huang Z, P.W. Clinton, M.R. Davis and Yusheng Y. 2011. Impacts of Plantation
Forest Management on Soil Organic Matter Quality. J.Soil.Sed
11:1309-1316
Karmegam, N., and T. Daniel. 2009. Growht, Reproductive Biology and Life
Cycle of the Vermicomposting Earthworm, Perionyx cylanensis Mich.
Bioresource Technology 100:4790-4796.
Kok, H.Y., A.A.N. Azwady., K.E. Loh., M. Muskhazli., S.Z.Zulkifli. 2014.
Optimal Stocking Density for Culturing Tropical Soil-Dwelling
Earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus. Sains Malaysiana 43(2):169-173.
Laossi, K., T. Deca-ens., P.Jouquet., and S. Barot. 2010. Can We Predict How
Earthworm Effects on Plant Growth Vary with Soil Properties.
Apl.Soil.Sci . 2010:97-103.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
45
Lavelle, P., I. Barois., I.Cruz., C. Fragoso., A. Hernandez., A. Pineda., P. Rangel.
1987. Adaptive Strategies of Pontoscolex corethrurus, a Peregrine
Earthworm of the Humid Tropics. Biol. Fertil Soils. 5:188-194.
Lowe, C.N., and K.R. Butt. 2005. Culture Techniques for Soil Dwelling
Earthworms : A Review. Pedobiologia 9:401-413.
Lowe, C.N., and K.R. Butt. 2007. Earthworm Culture, Maintenance and Species
Selection in Chronic Ecotoxicological Studies: A Critical Review.
European Journal of Soil Biology. 43(2007):281-288.
Lubis, K. S. 2015. Pengantar Fisika Tanah. USU Press. Medan.
Marichal, R., A.F. Martinez., C. Praxedes., D. Ruiz., A.F. Carvajal., J. Oszwald.,
M. P. Hurtado., G. Brown., M. Grinaldi., T. Desjardins. 2010. Invasion
of Pontoscolex corethrurus in Landscapes of the Amazonian
Deforestation. Applied Soil Ecology 1445:1-7.
Marichal, R., M. Grimaldi., J. Mathieu., G. Brown., T. Desjardins., M. Lopes., C.
Praxedes., M. B. Martins., E. Velasquez., P. Lavelle. 2012. Is Invasion
of Deforested Amazonia by Earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus
Driven by Soil Texture and Chemical Properties? Pedobiologia 55:233240.
Morario. 2009. Komposisi dan Distribusi Cacing Tanah di Kawasan
PerkebunanKelapa Sawit PT. Moeis dan di Perkebunan Rakyat Desa
Simondong Kecamatan Sei Suka Kabupaten Batu Bara. Skripsi.
Universitas Sumatra Utara. Medan
Nath, S., and P.S. Chaudhuri. 2014. Growth and Reproduction of Pontoscolex
corethrurus with Different Experimental Diets. Tropical Ecology
55(3):305-312.
Neher, D.A and M.E. Barbercheck. 1999. Diversity and Function of Soil
Mesofauna. Pp 27-47. In W.W Collins and C.O. Qualset (eds).
Biodiversity in Agroecosystems. Lewis Publishers. New York.
Ortiz-Ceballos, A., and J. G. Gonzalez. 2009. Influence of Adult
Pontoscolex corethrurus on Development of Cocoons and Hatchlings.
Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant 3:119-121.
Ortiz-Ceballos, A., C. Fragoso., M. Equihua., G. Brown. 2005. Influence of Food
Quality, Soil Moisture and the Earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on
Grotwth and Reproduction of the Tropical Earthworm Balanteodrillus
pearsei. Pedobiologia 49:89-98.
Perreault, M.J., and J.K. Whalen. 2006. Earthorm Burrowing in Laboratory
Microcosms as Influenced by Soil Temperature and Moisture.
Pedobiologia 50:397-403.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46
Setiawan, D. H dan A. Andoko. 2010. Petunjuk Lengkap Budidaya Karet.
Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta
Shen, H.P., and D.C.J. Yeo. 2005. Terrestrial Earthworms (Oligochaeta) From
Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 53(1):13-33.
Syamsuddin. 2012. Fisika Tanah. Universitas Hasanuddin, Semarang.
Tapia-Coral, S.C., F.J. Luizao., E. Barros., B. Pashanasi., D. Castillo. 2006. Effect
of Pontoscolex corethrurus Inoculation on Litter Weight Loss and Soil
Nitrogen in Mesocosms in the Peruvian Amazon. Caribbean Journal of
Science. 42(3):410-418.
Wever, L.A., T.J. Lysyk., M. J. Clapperton. 2001. The Influence of Soil Moisture
and Temperature on The Survival, Aestivation, Growth and
Development of Juvenile Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen)
(Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia 45:121-133.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Amirat, F., K. Hairiah., S. Kurniawan. 2014. Perbaikan Biopori oleh Cacing
Tanah (Pontoscolex corethrurus). Apakah Perbaikan Porositas Tanah
Akan Meningkatkan Pencucian Nitrogen. Jurnal Tanah dan
Sumberdaya Lahan. 1(2): 28–37.
Brown, G., S.W. James., A. Pasini., D.H Nunes., N. P. Benito., P.T. Martins.,
K.D. Sautter. 2006. Exotic, Peregrine, and Invasive Earthworms in
Brazil : Diversity, Distribution, and Effects on Soils and Plants.
Caribbean Journal of Science. 42(3)-350-358.
Buch, A.C., G. Brown., C.C. Nirva., K.D.Satter., & L.F . Lourencato. 2011. Life
Cycle of Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857) in Tropical Artificial
Soil. Pedobiologia 50268: 1-7.
Campos, J.R., L. Dendooven., D.A. Bernal., S.M.C. Ramos. 2014. Potential of
Earthworms to Accelerate Removal of Organic Contaminants From
Soil : A Review. Applied Soil Ecology 79:10-25.
Castellanos, B., A. Ortiz-Ceballos., S. Martinez., J.C. Noa-Carrazana., M.L.
Guido., L. Dendooven., S.M. Contreras. 2013. Removal of benzo (a)
pyrene From Soil Using an Endogeic Earthworm Pontoscolex
corethrurus. Applied Soil Ecology 70: 62-69.
Chaudhuri, P. S., T. K. Pal, G. Bhattacharjee & S. K. Dey. 2003. Rubber leaf
litters (Hevea brasiliensisvar RRIM 600) as vermiculture substrate for
epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia
fetida. Pedobiologia 47: 796-800.
Coja, T., K. Zehetner., A. Bruckner., A. Watzinger., E. Meyer. 2008. Efficacy and
Side Effects of Five Sampling Methods for Soil Earthworms.
Ecotoxicology and Enviromental Safety 71:552-565.
D’Alexis, S., A. Simphor., G.L. Merciris., M. Boval. 2010. Earthworms as a
Biological Control Agent of Nematode Parasites of Small Ruminants.
Advances in Animal Bioscieces. DOI:10.1017/52040470010000385
(Diakses pada 28 Desember 2015).
Darmawan, A., T. Atmowidi., W. Manalu., B. Suryobroto. 2015. Pontoscolex
corethrurus in Forest Transformation System in Bungku Village,
Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversity Journal. 6(2):505-512.
Dominguez, J., and A. Edwards. 1997. Effects of Stocking Rate And Moisture
Content on the Growth and Maturation of Eisenia Andrei in Pig
Manure. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29(3/4):743-746.
Frund, H.C., K. Butt., Y. Capowiez., N. Eisenhauer., C. Emmerling., G. Ernst., M.
Potthoff., M.Schadler., S. Schrader. 2010. Using Earthworms as Model
Universitas Sumatera Utara
44
Organisms in Laboratory: Recommendations for Experimental for
Experimental Implementations. Pedobiologia 53:119-125.
Garcia, J. A., and C. Fragoso. 2003. Influence of Different Food Substrates on
Growth and Reproduction of Two Tropical Earthworm Species.
Pedobilogia 47: 754-763.
Gonzalez, G., C.Y. Huang., Z. Xiaoming., C. Rodriguez. 2006. Earthworm
Invasion in the Tropics. Biol Invasions. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-0069023-7 (Diakses pada 28 Desember 2015).
Hamel, N.S., and J.K Whalen. 2006. Growth Rates of Aporrectodea caliginosa as
Influenced by Soil Temperature and Moisture in Disturbed and
Undisturbed Soil Columns. Pedobiologia 50:207-215.
Hanafiah KA, Napoleon A dan Nuni G. 2005. Biologi tanah ekologi dan
makrobiologi tanah. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta.
Handayanto dan Hairiah. 2009. Biologi Tanah Landasan Pengelolaan Tanah
Sehat, Cetakan ke 2. Pustaka Adipura. Yogyakarta
Hendrix, P.F., and P.J. Bohlen. 2002. Exotic Earthworm Invasions in North
America : Ecological and Policy Implications. BioScience. 52(9):801811.
Hendrix, P.F., G.H. Baker., M.A. Callaham Jr., G.A. Damoff., C.Fragoso., G.
Gonzalez., S.W. James., S.L. Lachnicht., T.Winsome., X. Zou. 2006.
Invasion of Exotic Earthworms into Ecosystems Inhabited by Native
Earthworms. Biol Invasions. DOI:10.1007/s10530-006-9002-8 (Diakses
pada 28 Desember 2015).
Huang Z, P.W. Clinton, M.R. Davis and Yusheng Y. 2011. Impacts of Plantation
Forest Management on Soil Organic Matter Quality. J.Soil.Sed
11:1309-1316
Karmegam, N., and T. Daniel. 2009. Growht, Reproductive Biology and Life
Cycle of the Vermicomposting Earthworm, Perionyx cylanensis Mich.
Bioresource Technology 100:4790-4796.
Kok, H.Y., A.A.N. Azwady., K.E. Loh., M. Muskhazli., S.Z.Zulkifli. 2014.
Optimal Stocking Density for Culturing Tropical Soil-Dwelling
Earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus. Sains Malaysiana 43(2):169-173.
Laossi, K., T. Deca-ens., P.Jouquet., and S. Barot. 2010. Can We Predict How
Earthworm Effects on Plant Growth Vary with Soil Properties.
Apl.Soil.Sci . 2010:97-103.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
45
Lavelle, P., I. Barois., I.Cruz., C. Fragoso., A. Hernandez., A. Pineda., P. Rangel.
1987. Adaptive Strategies of Pontoscolex corethrurus, a Peregrine
Earthworm of the Humid Tropics. Biol. Fertil Soils. 5:188-194.
Lowe, C.N., and K.R. Butt. 2005. Culture Techniques for Soil Dwelling
Earthworms : A Review. Pedobiologia 9:401-413.
Lowe, C.N., and K.R. Butt. 2007. Earthworm Culture, Maintenance and Species
Selection in Chronic Ecotoxicological Studies: A Critical Review.
European Journal of Soil Biology. 43(2007):281-288.
Lubis, K. S. 2015. Pengantar Fisika Tanah. USU Press. Medan.
Marichal, R., A.F. Martinez., C. Praxedes., D. Ruiz., A.F. Carvajal., J. Oszwald.,
M. P. Hurtado., G. Brown., M. Grinaldi., T. Desjardins. 2010. Invasion
of Pontoscolex corethrurus in Landscapes of the Amazonian
Deforestation. Applied Soil Ecology 1445:1-7.
Marichal, R., M. Grimaldi., J. Mathieu., G. Brown., T. Desjardins., M. Lopes., C.
Praxedes., M. B. Martins., E. Velasquez., P. Lavelle. 2012. Is Invasion
of Deforested Amazonia by Earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus
Driven by Soil Texture and Chemical Properties? Pedobiologia 55:233240.
Morario. 2009. Komposisi dan Distribusi Cacing Tanah di Kawasan
PerkebunanKelapa Sawit PT. Moeis dan di Perkebunan Rakyat Desa
Simondong Kecamatan Sei Suka Kabupaten Batu Bara. Skripsi.
Universitas Sumatra Utara. Medan
Nath, S., and P.S. Chaudhuri. 2014. Growth and Reproduction of Pontoscolex
corethrurus with Different Experimental Diets. Tropical Ecology
55(3):305-312.
Neher, D.A and M.E. Barbercheck. 1999. Diversity and Function of Soil
Mesofauna. Pp 27-47. In W.W Collins and C.O. Qualset (eds).
Biodiversity in Agroecosystems. Lewis Publishers. New York.
Ortiz-Ceballos, A., and J. G. Gonzalez. 2009. Influence of Adult
Pontoscolex corethrurus on Development of Cocoons and Hatchlings.
Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant 3:119-121.
Ortiz-Ceballos, A., C. Fragoso., M. Equihua., G. Brown. 2005. Influence of Food
Quality, Soil Moisture and the Earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on
Grotwth and Reproduction of the Tropical Earthworm Balanteodrillus
pearsei. Pedobiologia 49:89-98.
Perreault, M.J., and J.K. Whalen. 2006. Earthorm Burrowing in Laboratory
Microcosms as Influenced by Soil Temperature and Moisture.
Pedobiologia 50:397-403.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46
Setiawan, D. H dan A. Andoko. 2010. Petunjuk Lengkap Budidaya Karet.
Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta
Shen, H.P., and D.C.J. Yeo. 2005. Terrestrial Earthworms (Oligochaeta) From
Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 53(1):13-33.
Syamsuddin. 2012. Fisika Tanah. Universitas Hasanuddin, Semarang.
Tapia-Coral, S.C., F.J. Luizao., E. Barros., B. Pashanasi., D. Castillo. 2006. Effect
of Pontoscolex corethrurus Inoculation on Litter Weight Loss and Soil
Nitrogen in Mesocosms in the Peruvian Amazon. Caribbean Journal of
Science. 42(3):410-418.
Wever, L.A., T.J. Lysyk., M. J. Clapperton. 2001. The Influence of Soil Moisture
and Temperature on The Survival, Aestivation, Growth and
Development of Juvenile Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen)
(Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia 45:121-133.
Universitas Sumatera Utara