A SOCIO PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS ON DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF ORPHAN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT A Socio Pragmatic Analysis On Directive Utterances Of Orphan Movie Manuscript.
A SOCIO PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS ON DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES
OF ORPHAN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted As Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by
DWI SUSILOWATI
A 320 080 095
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA
2012
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
No gains without pains.
A friend in need is a friend in deed.
Stick to your point of view in order to keep up your own
dignity.
Bring supply when you go, bring charity when you die.
Where there is a will there is a way.
If you only listen to what the people said, you will get
crazy. You must listen and do what you believe (Mario
Teguh)
If you have a Dream, believe it, pray and make it
happen.
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is greatly dedicated to:
Allah SWT
Who always bless the writer and gives everything what the
writer needs; the healthy, the happiness, the power during do
this research paper.
Her beloved parents
Who always take care of the writer and thanks for their loves.
Her lovely old brother
Who has supported the writer wherever and whenever she
needs.
Her lovely young brother
Who has supported the writer when the writer is sad, when the
writer has down during do this research paper until the writer
has a will and power again.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Alhamdulillah, gratitude and praise be to Allah SWT, the Glorious, the Lord
of the King, and the Merciful having given blessing and opportuniting for the writer
to finish this research paper entitled A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis on Directive
Utterances of ORPHAN movie manuscript.
The followings are people who have given the contribution and support for
the Writer. Therefore, the writer wants to express her gratitude and appreciation to;
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, the head of English Department for the agreement of
finishing this research paper.
3. Grateful acknowledgement is made to Drs. H. Maryadi M. A. as the first
consultant, whose sympathy; support, high spirit, and friendly behavior during the
writing process of research paper were manifested in so many ways that the writer
can never forget no matter how much the writer tries. In addition, he behaves like
a father to his daughter so the writer felt comfortable to share everything. Thank
you for the patient and support of Mr.Maryadi for the writer.
4. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M. Hum as the second consultant who has guided
and advised, her patiently during the arrangement of this research paper.
5. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, P.hD as the third consultant for guiding, supporting, and
giving advice, to finish the research paper wisely and patiently. Thank you
vii
Mr.Agus, after getting explanation from the lecturer, the writer is more understand
now.
6. All the lecturer of English Department, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta who have given more knowledge during studying in the university and
thanks for their sharing, help and motivation for this research paper.
7. The writer also seriously acknowledge the love, patience, praying and other
assistance of spiritual and material of her beloved MOM, MOM, MOM and
DAD who have given unlimited love, advice and motivation to her.
8. Her lovely old brother, Mas Dono, who always give her motivation, support and
attention for her activities everyday.
9. Her lovely young brother, Dek Kus, who always give her attention for everything
that I have done.
10. To “Mas Heri”, who always support her and accompany her whenever and
whereever the writer I need him. He is be there closed the writer when happy and
sad. Who always be patient waiting for the writer until during finish the research
paper. Specially thanks for his great love for the writer.
11. Her three close friends; Cimay (the Kritiker), Mimi (The Loler) and Linda (The
Cueker). Thank you for the joke, friendship, togetherness and for attention and
advice has given to her. The writer never forgets the time for spending together,
laugh and tears is the witness of their togetherness.
12. Her other family especially in Class C and commonly in her drama team named
SYMPHA such as Arsida, Tika, Ratih, Atik, Nia, Ambary, Laily, Rendy, Ana,
Huda, Udin, Ilham, Arif, Kris, Saras, Riska, Galuh, Ririn, Watik, Ratna, Winda,
viii
Septiana, Ninik, Meila, Risa, Deka, Vava, Riski,. Thanks for teamwork and
coordination.
13. Her new family in SDN PRAWATAN, for the head master and all the teachers
there. Thanks for the opportunity for her to apply the knowledge that the writer
got in these school. Besides, thanks for their support to finish this research paper
as soon as possible. Thank you all.
14. The coordinator TPA Amanah Wedi Klaten, who has given her opportunity to
apply the knowledge that the writer has gotten.
15. Many others who are unable to be mentioned one by one, thanks for help and
support to her.
The writer realizes that besides strengthens there are still many weakness in her
research paper. Thus, suggestion and criticism are accepted. She also hopes that the
result of this research paper can be useful and meaningful for the readers.
Wassalammu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Surakarta,
Oktober 2012
The writer
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ………………………………………………………………………..… i
APPROVAL …………………………………………………………………….. ii
ACCEPTANCE ………………………………………………………………… iii
TESTIMONY …………………………………………………………………… iv
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………..… v
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………….. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………………. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………….…. x
LIST OF TABLE ……………………………………………………................ xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION …………………………………...………..
xiv
SUMMARY …………………………………………………………………….. xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………. 1
A.
Background of the Study ……..………………………… 1
B.
Problem Statements ………………..……………….…… 5
C.
Objectives of the Study ………………….…………..….. 6
D.
Benefit of the Study …………………..…………………. 6
E.
Research Paper Organization …………..…….…………7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ………………………………….. 8
A.
Previous Study………………………………………….. 8
B.
Theoritical Review………………………….…….....…. 20
1. Pragmatics ................................................................. 20
2. Socio-Pragmatics ....................................................... 21
3. Pragmatics Principles ………..………...…………. 12
x
a. Diexis ……………………………………………….. 23
b. Presuposition ..……………………………………… 24
c. Entailment …………………………………………...25
d. Speech act ……………………………………………25
e. Implicature …………………………………………. 26
1). Conventional implicature …………………....
26
2). Conversational implicature ………………….. 27
C.
Speech Act Theory......………………………………….. 27
1. The Notion of Speech Act Theory ............................. 27
2. Classification of Speech Acts ..................................... 30
D.
Dell Hymes Ethnography Communication....…………. 33
E.
Syntactic Form.... ………………………………………. 35
F.
Key Term Used in Movie Manuscript....………………...38
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ……………………………………… 40
A. Type of Research…………………………………………... 40
B. Object of Research………….………………………….…... 40
C. Data and Data Source………………….………..…………. 40
D. Technique of Collecting Data ………………………........... 41
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ………………………........... 42
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ………………….
43
A. Data Analysis …………………………………….….....
43
1. Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterances……….
43
a. Command………………………………………...
44
b. Request…………………………………………...
55
xi
c. Suggestion.. …………………………………………66
d. Warning……………………………………………..76
2. The Linguistic Form of Directive Utterance………….83
a. Declarative Sentence………………………………...83
b. Imperative Sentence………………………………...94
c. Interogative Sentence……………………………...105
3. The Reason of Directive Utterance…………………..110
a. Showing Anger……………………………………..110
b. Showing Advise………………………………….....122
c. Showing Order……………………………………..135
d. Showing Softening Utterance……………………..151
e. Showing Forbid…………………………………….166
B.
Discussion …………………………………………….….176
1. The Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterance……...176
2. The Linguistc Form of Directive Utterance…………..178
3. The Reason of Directive Utterance…………………….180
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………………..…… 189
A. Conclusion …………………………………………………189
B. Suggestion ………………………………………….………190
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………..……………… 192
APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………….…….
Appendix 1: Data Sources
LIST OF TABLE
xii
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1. Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterance
Table 2. Linguistic Form of Directive Utterance
Table 3.Reason of Using Directive Utterance
Table 4.Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterance, The Linguistic Form of Directive
Utterance, The Reason of Using Directive Utterance
xiii
LIST OF ABREVIATION
DU
: Directive Utterance
R
: Request
S
: Suggestion
W
: Warning
C
: Command
S
: Subject
P
: Predicate
O
: Object
DO
: Direct Object
IO
: Indirect Object
OC
: Object Complement
Conj
: Conjunction
C
: Complement
xiv
SUMMARY
Dwi Susilowati. A 320 080 095. A SOCIO-PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS ON
DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF ORPHAN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT. Research
Paper. Surakarta: School Of Teacher Training And Education Muhammadiyah
University Of Surakarta. 2012.
This research is aimed at describing the speaker’s intention, classifying and
describing the linguistic forms and describing the reasons of speaker in employing
the directive utterances found in ORPHAN movie manuscript.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data source of this
research is horror movie manuscript, ORPHAN. The technique of collecting data is
documentation and the steps are reading, watching, selecting, rewriting and coding
the data. The technique of analyzing data is descriptive technique. This research
employs the socio pragmatics analysis for analyzing three kinds of problem
statements. First, the writer uses Speech Act Theory to analyze the meaning or the
speaker’s intention. Second, to analyze the variants of linguistic forms is based on
sintactic form, especially the types of sentences. Then, third, the writer uses
SPEAKING Theory to analyze the reasons of using directive utterance.
The result of this reseach finds the speaker’s intentions, the linguistic forms
and reasons of using directive utterances. First, for the intention of the speaker, the
writer finds 38% for command, 32% for request, 20% for suggestion and 10% for
warning. Second, the writer finds three types of linguistice form. The writer finds
40% in declarative sentences, 42% in imperative sentences, and 18 % in
interrogative sentences. Third, to show the reason of using directive utterances, the
writer finds 17% in showing anger, 19% in showing advice, 36% in showing order,
19 in showing softening utterance and 9% in showing forbide.
Keywords : Socio-Pragmatics, directive utterances, intention, linguistic form,
reason.
.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. H. Maryadi, M.A
NIP.1958030404986037007
Dra.H.Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M.Hum
NIK. 225
Mengetahui
Dean,
Drs.Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 574
xv
OF ORPHAN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted As Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Proposed by
DWI SUSILOWATI
A 320 080 095
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA
2012
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
No gains without pains.
A friend in need is a friend in deed.
Stick to your point of view in order to keep up your own
dignity.
Bring supply when you go, bring charity when you die.
Where there is a will there is a way.
If you only listen to what the people said, you will get
crazy. You must listen and do what you believe (Mario
Teguh)
If you have a Dream, believe it, pray and make it
happen.
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is greatly dedicated to:
Allah SWT
Who always bless the writer and gives everything what the
writer needs; the healthy, the happiness, the power during do
this research paper.
Her beloved parents
Who always take care of the writer and thanks for their loves.
Her lovely old brother
Who has supported the writer wherever and whenever she
needs.
Her lovely young brother
Who has supported the writer when the writer is sad, when the
writer has down during do this research paper until the writer
has a will and power again.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Alhamdulillah, gratitude and praise be to Allah SWT, the Glorious, the Lord
of the King, and the Merciful having given blessing and opportuniting for the writer
to finish this research paper entitled A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis on Directive
Utterances of ORPHAN movie manuscript.
The followings are people who have given the contribution and support for
the Writer. Therefore, the writer wants to express her gratitude and appreciation to;
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, the head of English Department for the agreement of
finishing this research paper.
3. Grateful acknowledgement is made to Drs. H. Maryadi M. A. as the first
consultant, whose sympathy; support, high spirit, and friendly behavior during the
writing process of research paper were manifested in so many ways that the writer
can never forget no matter how much the writer tries. In addition, he behaves like
a father to his daughter so the writer felt comfortable to share everything. Thank
you for the patient and support of Mr.Maryadi for the writer.
4. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M. Hum as the second consultant who has guided
and advised, her patiently during the arrangement of this research paper.
5. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, P.hD as the third consultant for guiding, supporting, and
giving advice, to finish the research paper wisely and patiently. Thank you
vii
Mr.Agus, after getting explanation from the lecturer, the writer is more understand
now.
6. All the lecturer of English Department, Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta who have given more knowledge during studying in the university and
thanks for their sharing, help and motivation for this research paper.
7. The writer also seriously acknowledge the love, patience, praying and other
assistance of spiritual and material of her beloved MOM, MOM, MOM and
DAD who have given unlimited love, advice and motivation to her.
8. Her lovely old brother, Mas Dono, who always give her motivation, support and
attention for her activities everyday.
9. Her lovely young brother, Dek Kus, who always give her attention for everything
that I have done.
10. To “Mas Heri”, who always support her and accompany her whenever and
whereever the writer I need him. He is be there closed the writer when happy and
sad. Who always be patient waiting for the writer until during finish the research
paper. Specially thanks for his great love for the writer.
11. Her three close friends; Cimay (the Kritiker), Mimi (The Loler) and Linda (The
Cueker). Thank you for the joke, friendship, togetherness and for attention and
advice has given to her. The writer never forgets the time for spending together,
laugh and tears is the witness of their togetherness.
12. Her other family especially in Class C and commonly in her drama team named
SYMPHA such as Arsida, Tika, Ratih, Atik, Nia, Ambary, Laily, Rendy, Ana,
Huda, Udin, Ilham, Arif, Kris, Saras, Riska, Galuh, Ririn, Watik, Ratna, Winda,
viii
Septiana, Ninik, Meila, Risa, Deka, Vava, Riski,. Thanks for teamwork and
coordination.
13. Her new family in SDN PRAWATAN, for the head master and all the teachers
there. Thanks for the opportunity for her to apply the knowledge that the writer
got in these school. Besides, thanks for their support to finish this research paper
as soon as possible. Thank you all.
14. The coordinator TPA Amanah Wedi Klaten, who has given her opportunity to
apply the knowledge that the writer has gotten.
15. Many others who are unable to be mentioned one by one, thanks for help and
support to her.
The writer realizes that besides strengthens there are still many weakness in her
research paper. Thus, suggestion and criticism are accepted. She also hopes that the
result of this research paper can be useful and meaningful for the readers.
Wassalammu’alaikum Wr.Wb
Surakarta,
Oktober 2012
The writer
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ………………………………………………………………………..… i
APPROVAL …………………………………………………………………….. ii
ACCEPTANCE ………………………………………………………………… iii
TESTIMONY …………………………………………………………………… iv
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………..… v
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………….. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………………. vii
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………….…. x
LIST OF TABLE ……………………………………………………................ xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION …………………………………...………..
xiv
SUMMARY …………………………………………………………………….. xv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………. 1
A.
Background of the Study ……..………………………… 1
B.
Problem Statements ………………..……………….…… 5
C.
Objectives of the Study ………………….…………..….. 6
D.
Benefit of the Study …………………..…………………. 6
E.
Research Paper Organization …………..…….…………7
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ………………………………….. 8
A.
Previous Study………………………………………….. 8
B.
Theoritical Review………………………….…….....…. 20
1. Pragmatics ................................................................. 20
2. Socio-Pragmatics ....................................................... 21
3. Pragmatics Principles ………..………...…………. 12
x
a. Diexis ……………………………………………….. 23
b. Presuposition ..……………………………………… 24
c. Entailment …………………………………………...25
d. Speech act ……………………………………………25
e. Implicature …………………………………………. 26
1). Conventional implicature …………………....
26
2). Conversational implicature ………………….. 27
C.
Speech Act Theory......………………………………….. 27
1. The Notion of Speech Act Theory ............................. 27
2. Classification of Speech Acts ..................................... 30
D.
Dell Hymes Ethnography Communication....…………. 33
E.
Syntactic Form.... ………………………………………. 35
F.
Key Term Used in Movie Manuscript....………………...38
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ……………………………………… 40
A. Type of Research…………………………………………... 40
B. Object of Research………….………………………….…... 40
C. Data and Data Source………………….………..…………. 40
D. Technique of Collecting Data ………………………........... 41
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ………………………........... 42
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ………………….
43
A. Data Analysis …………………………………….….....
43
1. Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterances……….
43
a. Command………………………………………...
44
b. Request…………………………………………...
55
xi
c. Suggestion.. …………………………………………66
d. Warning……………………………………………..76
2. The Linguistic Form of Directive Utterance………….83
a. Declarative Sentence………………………………...83
b. Imperative Sentence………………………………...94
c. Interogative Sentence……………………………...105
3. The Reason of Directive Utterance…………………..110
a. Showing Anger……………………………………..110
b. Showing Advise………………………………….....122
c. Showing Order……………………………………..135
d. Showing Softening Utterance……………………..151
e. Showing Forbid…………………………………….166
B.
Discussion …………………………………………….….176
1. The Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterance……...176
2. The Linguistc Form of Directive Utterance…………..178
3. The Reason of Directive Utterance…………………….180
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………………..…… 189
A. Conclusion …………………………………………………189
B. Suggestion ………………………………………….………190
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………..……………… 192
APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………….…….
Appendix 1: Data Sources
LIST OF TABLE
xii
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1. Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterance
Table 2. Linguistic Form of Directive Utterance
Table 3.Reason of Using Directive Utterance
Table 4.Speaker’s Intention of Directive Utterance, The Linguistic Form of Directive
Utterance, The Reason of Using Directive Utterance
xiii
LIST OF ABREVIATION
DU
: Directive Utterance
R
: Request
S
: Suggestion
W
: Warning
C
: Command
S
: Subject
P
: Predicate
O
: Object
DO
: Direct Object
IO
: Indirect Object
OC
: Object Complement
Conj
: Conjunction
C
: Complement
xiv
SUMMARY
Dwi Susilowati. A 320 080 095. A SOCIO-PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS ON
DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF ORPHAN MOVIE MANUSCRIPT. Research
Paper. Surakarta: School Of Teacher Training And Education Muhammadiyah
University Of Surakarta. 2012.
This research is aimed at describing the speaker’s intention, classifying and
describing the linguistic forms and describing the reasons of speaker in employing
the directive utterances found in ORPHAN movie manuscript.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data source of this
research is horror movie manuscript, ORPHAN. The technique of collecting data is
documentation and the steps are reading, watching, selecting, rewriting and coding
the data. The technique of analyzing data is descriptive technique. This research
employs the socio pragmatics analysis for analyzing three kinds of problem
statements. First, the writer uses Speech Act Theory to analyze the meaning or the
speaker’s intention. Second, to analyze the variants of linguistic forms is based on
sintactic form, especially the types of sentences. Then, third, the writer uses
SPEAKING Theory to analyze the reasons of using directive utterance.
The result of this reseach finds the speaker’s intentions, the linguistic forms
and reasons of using directive utterances. First, for the intention of the speaker, the
writer finds 38% for command, 32% for request, 20% for suggestion and 10% for
warning. Second, the writer finds three types of linguistice form. The writer finds
40% in declarative sentences, 42% in imperative sentences, and 18 % in
interrogative sentences. Third, to show the reason of using directive utterances, the
writer finds 17% in showing anger, 19% in showing advice, 36% in showing order,
19 in showing softening utterance and 9% in showing forbide.
Keywords : Socio-Pragmatics, directive utterances, intention, linguistic form,
reason.
.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. H. Maryadi, M.A
NIP.1958030404986037007
Dra.H.Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M.Hum
NIK. 225
Mengetahui
Dean,
Drs.Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 574
xv