Internasional Seminar.
frT'i}T
Erf EEotlflE4st
INTERNATI
O
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,CULTURAL
INDrA AN D u
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SH
llf fur&m
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EXCH,&NGE
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*{.
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,
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
in Cooperation with
GLOBAT ASSOCIATION OF INDO.ASEAN STUDIES
and
HANKUK UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES,
KOREA
Denpasa4 g-9 Febru ary Z0l2
:ii
iiF
:F
&.
M
1985,odopt those ideas
in their Balinese life together with otlrer
groups
residing
in
Bali?
And finally, how do these ideas of
,.,
,fony and lruman security last and continue in the modern Barinese
.aily life, Through this analysis, it is expected to have a better
understanding on the issues of social, cultural, economic, and
political changes in the present day Bali.
Keywords: Indionizotion,
Hinduixotion,
Balinization, Tri Hita Karono,, Pecolang, hormony
and Ituman security.
I. Introduction
Recently, in Indonesia, there has been some discussion on how
security slrould be maintained in relation to global developments,
which on the one hand are considered to have positive effects on local
development and on the other, to cause negative impact to this
developmerrt in the region. The issue of human security is within the
context of local security in Bali, particularly in that of traditional
security. It is generallv thought that human security here actually
belongs in the frame of regional autonomy and social change within
the Balinese society after tlre enforcement of the Regional Autonomy
Law. Suyadnya, for instanie, claims that the emergence of traditional
security in Bali emphasises the analysis of local values, followed by
of those in other parts of Indonesia. He adds that this trend is
pafticular to developments after the Bali bombings in2002 (Suyadnya
2011: 74). However, there are other influencing factors, like thel
general situation at that time due to the many unsatisfactory security
issues in Bali, making the Balinese fervently hope for the involvement
of traditional military groups who know the local situation very well.
The discourse resulted from past developments mainly rooted in the
context of Indonesian history which faced some problims regarding
both the external influences and internal developments. As can bi
clearly seen in tlre pre colonial, colonial, independence, and lastly, in
what is known as the Reformation, periods. In the pre coronial peiiod,
the security problem was controlled by the indigenous people and the;
traditional rulers,This was possible since there was the concept of the
Deva Raja (God King) from 400 AD to 1900 AD, when it was
believed tliat the power of the King meant the power of God (Kulke,
1991: 4 and Christie, 1986: 67). In the colonial period, particulalry
j
i
-11
-
INDIAN INFLUENCES ON THE BALINESE CULTURE IN
THE CONTEXT OF HARMOI.TY AND HUMAN
SECURI Y'
I Ketut Ardhana
Udayana UniversitY
n h ei ens
drl io i@v o ltoo,
co
m
Abstract
Bali is one of the Hindu Mosaics in southeast Asia, in which
Indian or Hindu has strongly influenced the daily life of the Balinese
in terms of social cultural, eeonomic, and political aspects, starting
from the early of the Century up to the present day. The Hindu or
Indian lesson that has been taught in Hindu religion has been practised
in the Balinese daily life from the ancient to the modern Bali. The
Hindu or Indian culiure has been adopted and has been transfonned
into the local Balinese culture or Balinization, in which in turrr this
becomes a signifrcant in the contexts of the present Balinese culture.
This becomei a model if someone wants to look closely at how the
Balinese's experience of living in a harmony side by side with other
ethnic groups as well as that of practising human security. These ideas
play a-majbr role on how the Balinese arrticipate and solve some
.ruliut issues in the context of multicultural society in the process of
globalization in Bali. There are some pertinent questions-that need to
6e addressed on what kinds of Indian or Hindu influences that
strengthen the concept and meaning of harmony and human security
in nati. Firstly: why do the Balinese accept those Hindu ideas and
succeed to bi a part of Balinese culture? Secondly: how do the
at the ioint Seminar held by Faculty of Letters,
udayana in cooperation with Global Association of
Indonesian and ASEAN Studies, "Cultural Exchange between India and
Southeast Asian World:, in Denpasar-Bali, February 6,2012'
Paper presented
university of
-16-i.
tu".
OF
CONT:NT:
PTEfACE
:::,:
Table of Contents.........
l, The Beginning of Contaots between Bali and India
....,......,,.,....ii
(Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A, Unud)
2,
Indian Influences on The Balinese Culture in the Context of
Harmony and Human Security
(Prof. Dr. I Ketut Ardhana,
.....................1
M.A./Unud)
3.
Cultural Relation between India and Java: An Arheological
Perspective
(Prof. Dr. TimbulHaryono,
4.
UGM)
...........31
Influence of Hinduism to Balinese Relegion and Culture
(Prof, Dr. I Made Titib/Dr. Dra. lda Ayu Tary Puspa, M.Si.,IHDN
Bali)...........
..........s
5.
Besakih Temple in Balias Seen from the Conjunction of Indian
Hinduism
and Indonesian Ancestor Worship (Dr. I Wayan Redig/ Unud).....6
6.
Influence of Hindu Tradiqion on ThaiArchitecture: focused on
temple structure
(Dr.Choon Ho, Leel Hankuk University of Foreign Studies,
KORBA)....
7.
In Search of Cultural Harmony: a dialogue between Korean and
Indonesian cultures
(Prof. Dr.Byung Kuk, SOH/ Hankuk University Of Foreign
Studies,KOREA).........
8.
9.
.....;......
........,..9
Religion in Korean Constitution (Prof.Dr.Hae Cheol, BYUN/
Hahkuk University Of
Foreign Studies,KOREA),...................;......., .........,.... l0
The State Management of Religion In Indonesia (Dr.Myeng Kyo,
SEO/Hankuk University
Thisseminarissuccessfullyconductedduetotlrebigroleof
Ot' ai' t lvtade Bakta' Sp'PD-KHOM (the
u^uring''uipf" t"f' tt Prof'
ffif hllffiiHs[i#i*{u*,rii,illHir**;4
Dr' I.Wayan Cika' M'S' (the Dean
i"fir"lrraies, siout, rorea! Prof'
and the rPflr_)i_ speakers,
;;' F"ilt or L"tt.rr'udayan-a_
^u_niversity
pf SpOtEC
and PT ROYAL SUMATERA
committees, the sponsors'
those -*ut
"
thant r
ffi;h;;;.'All
ffi;;;;;;,
working and financial
tt,"
seminar happen. we really appreoiate
their special anintion, cooperation, hard
ior
suPPort
,
has meaning to all of us and the
Finally, we expect this seminar
and Hankuk
between the University of Udayana' GAIAS
"""r"'r",i""
ilri'r"rtiry remain continuously in the future'
Denpasar, February 8tl', 2012
Organizing Committee,
Dr. Ni LuhNyoman Seri Malini, M'Hum
Secretary
Prof. Dr. I WaYan Pastika, M.S.
Chairman
-
.T
lll-
Erf EEotlflE4st
INTERNATI
O
NAt
,CULTURAL
INDrA AN D u
"
SH
llf fur&m
H
EXCH,&NGE
"'-ff[lH"
s
rA N wffi
*{.
n-,
ffi
,
UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
in Cooperation with
GLOBAT ASSOCIATION OF INDO.ASEAN STUDIES
and
HANKUK UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES,
KOREA
Denpasa4 g-9 Febru ary Z0l2
:ii
iiF
:F
&.
M
1985,odopt those ideas
in their Balinese life together with otlrer
groups
residing
in
Bali?
And finally, how do these ideas of
,.,
,fony and lruman security last and continue in the modern Barinese
.aily life, Through this analysis, it is expected to have a better
understanding on the issues of social, cultural, economic, and
political changes in the present day Bali.
Keywords: Indionizotion,
Hinduixotion,
Balinization, Tri Hita Karono,, Pecolang, hormony
and Ituman security.
I. Introduction
Recently, in Indonesia, there has been some discussion on how
security slrould be maintained in relation to global developments,
which on the one hand are considered to have positive effects on local
development and on the other, to cause negative impact to this
developmerrt in the region. The issue of human security is within the
context of local security in Bali, particularly in that of traditional
security. It is generallv thought that human security here actually
belongs in the frame of regional autonomy and social change within
the Balinese society after tlre enforcement of the Regional Autonomy
Law. Suyadnya, for instanie, claims that the emergence of traditional
security in Bali emphasises the analysis of local values, followed by
of those in other parts of Indonesia. He adds that this trend is
pafticular to developments after the Bali bombings in2002 (Suyadnya
2011: 74). However, there are other influencing factors, like thel
general situation at that time due to the many unsatisfactory security
issues in Bali, making the Balinese fervently hope for the involvement
of traditional military groups who know the local situation very well.
The discourse resulted from past developments mainly rooted in the
context of Indonesian history which faced some problims regarding
both the external influences and internal developments. As can bi
clearly seen in tlre pre colonial, colonial, independence, and lastly, in
what is known as the Reformation, periods. In the pre coronial peiiod,
the security problem was controlled by the indigenous people and the;
traditional rulers,This was possible since there was the concept of the
Deva Raja (God King) from 400 AD to 1900 AD, when it was
believed tliat the power of the King meant the power of God (Kulke,
1991: 4 and Christie, 1986: 67). In the colonial period, particulalry
j
i
-11
-
INDIAN INFLUENCES ON THE BALINESE CULTURE IN
THE CONTEXT OF HARMOI.TY AND HUMAN
SECURI Y'
I Ketut Ardhana
Udayana UniversitY
n h ei ens
drl io i@v o ltoo,
co
m
Abstract
Bali is one of the Hindu Mosaics in southeast Asia, in which
Indian or Hindu has strongly influenced the daily life of the Balinese
in terms of social cultural, eeonomic, and political aspects, starting
from the early of the Century up to the present day. The Hindu or
Indian lesson that has been taught in Hindu religion has been practised
in the Balinese daily life from the ancient to the modern Bali. The
Hindu or Indian culiure has been adopted and has been transfonned
into the local Balinese culture or Balinization, in which in turrr this
becomes a signifrcant in the contexts of the present Balinese culture.
This becomei a model if someone wants to look closely at how the
Balinese's experience of living in a harmony side by side with other
ethnic groups as well as that of practising human security. These ideas
play a-majbr role on how the Balinese arrticipate and solve some
.ruliut issues in the context of multicultural society in the process of
globalization in Bali. There are some pertinent questions-that need to
6e addressed on what kinds of Indian or Hindu influences that
strengthen the concept and meaning of harmony and human security
in nati. Firstly: why do the Balinese accept those Hindu ideas and
succeed to bi a part of Balinese culture? Secondly: how do the
at the ioint Seminar held by Faculty of Letters,
udayana in cooperation with Global Association of
Indonesian and ASEAN Studies, "Cultural Exchange between India and
Southeast Asian World:, in Denpasar-Bali, February 6,2012'
Paper presented
university of
-16-i.
tu".
OF
CONT:NT:
PTEfACE
:::,:
Table of Contents.........
l, The Beginning of Contaots between Bali and India
....,......,,.,....ii
(Prof. Dr. I Wayan Ardika, M.A, Unud)
2,
Indian Influences on The Balinese Culture in the Context of
Harmony and Human Security
(Prof. Dr. I Ketut Ardhana,
.....................1
M.A./Unud)
3.
Cultural Relation between India and Java: An Arheological
Perspective
(Prof. Dr. TimbulHaryono,
4.
UGM)
...........31
Influence of Hinduism to Balinese Relegion and Culture
(Prof, Dr. I Made Titib/Dr. Dra. lda Ayu Tary Puspa, M.Si.,IHDN
Bali)...........
..........s
5.
Besakih Temple in Balias Seen from the Conjunction of Indian
Hinduism
and Indonesian Ancestor Worship (Dr. I Wayan Redig/ Unud).....6
6.
Influence of Hindu Tradiqion on ThaiArchitecture: focused on
temple structure
(Dr.Choon Ho, Leel Hankuk University of Foreign Studies,
KORBA)....
7.
In Search of Cultural Harmony: a dialogue between Korean and
Indonesian cultures
(Prof. Dr.Byung Kuk, SOH/ Hankuk University Of Foreign
Studies,KOREA).........
8.
9.
.....;......
........,..9
Religion in Korean Constitution (Prof.Dr.Hae Cheol, BYUN/
Hahkuk University Of
Foreign Studies,KOREA),...................;......., .........,.... l0
The State Management of Religion In Indonesia (Dr.Myeng Kyo,
SEO/Hankuk University
Thisseminarissuccessfullyconductedduetotlrebigroleof
Ot' ai' t lvtade Bakta' Sp'PD-KHOM (the
u^uring''uipf" t"f' tt Prof'
ffif hllffiiHs[i#i*{u*,rii,illHir**;4
Dr' I.Wayan Cika' M'S' (the Dean
i"fir"lrraies, siout, rorea! Prof'
and the rPflr_)i_ speakers,
;;' F"ilt or L"tt.rr'udayan-a_
^u_niversity
pf SpOtEC
and PT ROYAL SUMATERA
committees, the sponsors'
those -*ut
"
thant r
ffi;h;;;.'All
ffi;;;;;;,
working and financial
tt,"
seminar happen. we really appreoiate
their special anintion, cooperation, hard
ior
suPPort
,
has meaning to all of us and the
Finally, we expect this seminar
and Hankuk
between the University of Udayana' GAIAS
"""r"'r",i""
ilri'r"rtiry remain continuously in the future'
Denpasar, February 8tl', 2012
Organizing Committee,
Dr. Ni LuhNyoman Seri Malini, M'Hum
Secretary
Prof. Dr. I WaYan Pastika, M.S.
Chairman
-
.T
lll-