F00D SAFETY AND F00D SECURITY
FⅢ , "` , Ⅲ gsl l Ⅲ ⅢeAFSAt 11劇bFenむ ‐20■ 6
e‐
onl
FO. 00 Si AFETYAN‐ DI I FO●
DS‐
ECURI TY
: 彎 , ￨￨
∵
1l T騨 器翻 躙 霊
瘍 瘍 扮 躙 躙 扮 鰊 諫i t t ξ 隋 躙 躙 絣 魃 鶉 蝙 躙 烙 輻 躙
01] ] N] ] ￨‡
N炉
￨‐
‐
Proceedings of the AFSA conference 2016
on
F00D SAFETY AND F00D SECURI TY
hel d at KⅡ T
UNI VERSI TY, BHUBANESWAR, I NDI A
ON SEPTEMBER 15‐ 17, 2016
t1St1,-: 1,,,,,,
\wi
1,,,
;1
/3''
w
Mrutyuniay Suar
Gargi Dey
Ramesh Chandra Ray
Takashi UEMURA
ASi AN F00D SAFETY AND SECURI TY ASSOCI AT10ト
PROCEEDI NG EDl 丁 ORS
Prof. Mrutyunjay Suar
Chairman, Conference Organizing Committee & Director, School of Biotechnology,
KllT University, Bhubdneswar 751 019, lndia
E-Mail: msuar@ kiitbiotech,ac.in
Dr. Gargi Dey
Conference Organizing Secretary
Associate Professor
School of Biotechnology, KllT University
E-mail : drgargi.dey@gmail.com
Dr. Ramesh Chandra Ray
Co-chairman, Conference Organizing Committee
Principal Scientist (Microbiology), Central Tuber Crops Research lnstitute (Regional
Centre)
Bhubaneswar 751 019, lndia
E- mail: rc.ray6@gmail.com
Takashi UEMURA, Ph.D. (AFSA president)
Professor Emeritus, OSAKA
PRE FECTU RE U N IVE RSITY
Shimoshima 10-10, Kadoma, Osaka 571-0075 JAPAN
E-mail : takashi_uemura@msn.com
I SSN No: 2306… 2150
Publ i shed by Asi an Food Saf et y and secur i t y Associ at i on( AFSA)
Emai l : af sa, secr et ar i at @gmal l . co m
Pr i ce: BD丁
A‖
1000,
∪ss 20. 00 0r 」 PY 5000
r i ght s r eser ved Repr oduct i on and di ssemi nat i on of mat er i al s f r om t hi s b00k f Or educat i onal and Ot her non‐
Commer ci al pur poses ar e aut hor i zed w t hOut any Ⅵノr i t t en per mi ssi On f r om t he Asi an Food Saf et y and secur i t y
Associ at i on pr ovi ded t he sOur ce i s f u‖ y acknowi edged Repr oduct i on Of mat er i al f r onn t hi s l i t er at ur e f Or r esal e or
ot her commer ci al pur pOses i s pr ohi bi t ed wi t hOut t he wr i t t en per nni ssi on of t he publ l sher
111言 言
ll
i : : Asi an Food Saf et y and Secur i t y Associ at i on
Printed and published in 2017 at shijonawate Gakuen University,osaka, Japan
CONTENT
andffi
Isolatiop, Characterization
f r 61n i n
Fermented Soybean in Cambodia
-Ek Sopheap and |'asuhiro Inotsut
1絋濾孵務
棚
￨
￨■
■
￨: ■ ￨■
■
■
‐
.
‐
M6i t t t i l r : 五 : i t i : i l , 118i : ム
i l ngi i s01at ed i ol ■
- RSこ 夕ご
77め
^` 7′
, P′
nat ul ・
´″ ブ
″ ′α A/ 7ι
7″
‐
‐
‐
と続i cと
t ubi l l
al sanl pl cs
24
ι/ t イ 、 / P ZR, ィ ′7″ ′‐′メ
.″
響
ツ7出す
TI 罵[ 官 l ム鷺薫計撃
R:
T, , "'
「 沖 ⅢⅢ I R,at1lM■Ⅲ o19Ⅲ O五 ￨=ydr oPⅢ Ⅲ Ⅲ ⅢI I ●
SO14■
11Cal i gh l l l al ・kё ヽ
nl 五 ￨I Ll
Dct cct i on of bOd bOmc bact er i a■
antibiogram profile
五
ζ
ci t y i nゴ ngお dも A
01n s」 ad vc`
Ⅲ ■
l r■ ■ ￨
"■
markets and their
39
-Shadict Shonnint , LIct Ari/ut lstctni. t\lst llirrut.o Khurttrt.,t
shops
'sachil;o TADA-t'.Goichiro yuK{fi/A-2 Naoko IIAir,LlDA-sATo-s
ancl Saclao K1MEM{JSHI:!,
ScasOnal var i at i ons Of f br i nal d6五 ydさ i na i sk asscs別 3i t i i f hi l i ` : き
i l , I: J ・
、
vi t h l i Dr l l l al dchydc: Fi sh and bOd saf ct y i ssuc
■
―
S/ ′ ι′ Tα βヵ
` ,il″
,′
/t r, ■
及ガ 77ル で3′
:・
g′
′′″ P, ′ 4KヽイN01, ド
` /′
1た
古
l i t &薔 二
50
′″ ノ
騨翻靭1カ∵I I TT
` ′
Effects of different packing
-ate.ials anci srorage condirions o,, qi,itity
oi6;iiffii;*:j:i.;n'.';'itll1'
'
-lJub'tlunde Saheed ])adot', sunt.r.Jacoh), Prttkuiilu, )'rrgf,rrgri
,t,trl lrr,rlntuttctlran.ttil,agpanrl,.rira'
10
11
qorfiyu]t1j.1t9nl., rh.1t.ry:yg:r_Aragonite irnproved liver
A
study on
Lrse
of local lbod stufls
anci traclitional knorvledge
health nutrition in nrayurblianj district.
12
Odislia
;
for ""r-'-'
irrrpiruing p"uli":
I)r
Il;:Ir^"^:lr].1T11"
rerenrion trme and roarling rare on the rernovar of poilurants
from
Chuntlra.rhrec Letrka:
:"
-s. Sivctp,cttltcr, M. Tech (Research), Dept,ttnent of F-ttocl prot:c,ss Ertgineering
鵠編窯潔よ:
, ヤFI ‐
ⅢⅢl l 1111`
41Ⅲ
'''r::ii:::"
1l
-Yoshodhara illohantat attd
'::
comparison of Errrulsio_ns Stabirized by r\nionrc a,tl catioric
Biopolymers
14
6l
tuncrions
申
Ⅲ騨
鼈
胤
餓
器
憔
班
″ 石蕗
罵L …
‐竹″ なお
ⅢⅢⅢ
n¨
K・ / ん
g0
i l l abi l け
=I I l doneSi l l l l l l ■
rr ';r':r
ず
■ ￨￨‐ ■
87
1111
■■
￨￨
Pr oceedi ngs of 3r d AFSA Conf er el l ce on FoodA: l l 11l l i l 鮒
嚇
111l I
I SSN: 23062150
FROM AGROFORESTRY TO COFFEE ECO‐ CERTI FI CATI ON:
AN EXAMI NATI ON OF SUSTAI NABI LI TY OF
SMALLHOLDER FARMERSI N SEKAMPL「 NG WATERSHEDS,
SUMATRA― I NDONESI A
RYOhei Kadal ′
Hanung: smono2′ and Kat suva Ta, 9ka3′
aut hor : Ryohei Kadal emal l : 々 ασα01130gmaノ i cOm)
Bust anul Ar i f i n2′
Kwwor ds: Ecosyst cm scr vi ccs, Land and soi l degr adat i on, Agr of or est w, COf f cc eco―
1.
Background and Research Objectit,es
Food security, closely linked with environmenral
problerns, has become one of the most irnportant
contemporary issues in Asia. Especially in recent decacles.
ecological degradation such as sedimentation, water qua1it1,,
degradatior.r and fi-equeut flood occurrence, many ol which
are enhanced by climate change irnpacts, is expancling in
lndonesia and many other Southeast Asian countries. Sucli
degradation ofnatural re:lources is affecting negatively food
supply and food safety conditions. The basic issue here is
whether and horv Asian agriculture and fishcries can supply
sulficient amount and quality of lood io meet with the rapiclly
growing population, rvithout jeopardizing narural
\\/hile agriculture supplies wide-ranged ecosysterr
services including marketed goods such as fbod and ljbcr. it
also prot,ides non-uarketed services to the society such as
11ood regulation, disease control, u,ater purification ancl
scenic vieu,. People generaily.
Assume that such non-marketed ecosysteltr serr.iees
havc no econontic significance (Daily, et.al 2002). In recent
vears, hou,ever, as modem agriculture has treen causing
significant land and soil degradation due to ur-banizatior.r.
defbrestation ancl or.,erexploitation of natural resources, \ve
are leaming that the for-rr rnajor categories of ecosystetn
ser\'rces have been drastically reduced by iruman acti\ ities.
causing higher ecological risks in Indonesia and other Asiar.r
countries (see Tab. 1).
Based on an international collaborative researcli by
IIIHN (Ilesearch lnstitute fr:r Humanity and t.\arure. Kr,oto).
Shiga University and University of Larnpung (UNILA), u,c
tr1, to exarlined the recent changes of such environrrental
degradation in Indonesia. Based on this empirical research,
the present paper has two major objectives: (1) one is to
antJ assess the roles
oleco-certillcaiion.
exernrntng
small-holder coff-ee fanners in Surnatra; and (2) to estimate
fanners' prel'erences on sustainable coff-ee cerlificatiorr by
use of best-u'orst scaling methods (BWS) and examine
b1,
cer t i f l cat i on, Sumr at r a‐
I ndoncsi a
necessar\/ conditions lbr the potential expansion ofsuch eco_
certification scheme.
Our study has der.nonstrated that non-marketed
ecos)rsleln sen ices front sustainable land use in agriculture
rvould provide significant economic and ecological values,
and dcveloping rnechanism for the payrnent for ecosystem
is crucial in enhancing sustainable agricultural
developmelrt. It is also demonstrated that developing.
services
*1 Shi.lonawate Gakuen University,
Japan; .2 University of
Lanrpung, lndonesia; .3 Shigu University, Japan
and
environlnental resources.
ularily
( cor r espondi ng
N4echanism for the paylnent tbr ecosystem services is
crucialll, in.rpclflant for enhancing sustainable agricultural
developmer.rt.
2. Characleristics oJ'Research Site and Methotlology
As a tvpical exar.nple of this natural resoLrrce
degradation, rve have conducted an empirical research on
srrirllholder coI1'ee farmers in the Upper Sekampung
u'atershcd. iu Lampung, Indonesia. For this, we conclucted a
thorough household survey, by interview- ing 408 cofl.ee
fiin.ners in the above-stated r.vatershed in 201 6. Many of those
1'arlners have been adopting agrofbrestry system since the
1980s. especially in the degracled-prone watershed in cofl-ee
production centers, by planting shade trees, fruit trees, timber
ancl other multi-purpose tree species. Smallholder farmers are
the majority (over 90 percent) in coffee production system in
Inclonesia, controlling land area of l-2 hectares, with limited
acccss to technology, ntarket information and financial
sclrenres. At thc sallte time, the coffee economy is also a
sector n,ith several con.rpeting global eco-certiffing entities,
sor.ne of ri,hich l.rave a parttiership structure of smallholder
famers, cotl'ee traders, roasters, exporters, and coffee
industry in the global vah.re chain system.
Although Sekantpung
is the main
watershed in
L.anrpnng Province, serving as major food baskets, such as
ricc. maize and other crops. it also pioduces major exporr
The pr cscnt st ud) l i s consi dcr cd as an appr opr i at c and t ypi cal
case お r such cel t i ncat i on
syst cnl
vi t h r cspcct t O agr oお
、
r est l ‐
y
ねr l l l cr s' pr ci r cnccs on sust ai nabl c ccr t i ncat i on( K Tanaka,
批
11: 顆
道
111織 Tt t t 龍
i n t hc r cgi On
h選
報
, 4塀
魔
l i l t t T' s∬ 鋼: Tc111: [ l Cu鷲
Thc qucst i Onnai r c‐
bascdね r nl sur vey゛ / as cOnduct cd
i ふl t t r t t Tc乱 』λ 脚ξ∬よ
∬‖
l at t h計 錯
lポ
Suntmary and Policy Irnplications
In sllmntary. the present study calls for more
enlpo\\,erment progral.rls 1br coffee farmers to improt,e coflbe
yield ancl co1)'ee qualit,v, by encouraging better fanning
As a ncxt st cp, 、 ハ
, e l l ave al l al yzed t o cst i l l l at e cof f cc
c構
5.
:甘
dcpt h qucst i ons of cur ent pr oduct i on pr act i ccs, i nput _Out put
pat t cnl s, pr ci r el l cc On agr O食 ) r cst l γ
and par t i ci pat i On i nt O
var l ous cco― ccr t l l i cat l on, ct c
practices at the 1'arm level. Shuctural problems facing the
srnallholder col'f-ee i-anners need to be solved by providing
technical assistance, extension services and empowerment
actions at the field level. Here, some concluding remarks
shou ld be addressetl with respect to interdisciplinary approach
in ntanaging environmental risks, as shown in the case of
Sel
e‐
onl
FO. 00 Si AFETYAN‐ DI I FO●
DS‐
ECURI TY
: 彎 , ￨￨
∵
1l T騨 器翻 躙 霊
瘍 瘍 扮 躙 躙 扮 鰊 諫i t t ξ 隋 躙 躙 絣 魃 鶉 蝙 躙 烙 輻 躙
01] ] N] ] ￨‡
N炉
￨‐
‐
Proceedings of the AFSA conference 2016
on
F00D SAFETY AND F00D SECURI TY
hel d at KⅡ T
UNI VERSI TY, BHUBANESWAR, I NDI A
ON SEPTEMBER 15‐ 17, 2016
t1St1,-: 1,,,,,,
\wi
1,,,
;1
/3''
w
Mrutyuniay Suar
Gargi Dey
Ramesh Chandra Ray
Takashi UEMURA
ASi AN F00D SAFETY AND SECURI TY ASSOCI AT10ト
PROCEEDI NG EDl 丁 ORS
Prof. Mrutyunjay Suar
Chairman, Conference Organizing Committee & Director, School of Biotechnology,
KllT University, Bhubdneswar 751 019, lndia
E-Mail: msuar@ kiitbiotech,ac.in
Dr. Gargi Dey
Conference Organizing Secretary
Associate Professor
School of Biotechnology, KllT University
E-mail : drgargi.dey@gmail.com
Dr. Ramesh Chandra Ray
Co-chairman, Conference Organizing Committee
Principal Scientist (Microbiology), Central Tuber Crops Research lnstitute (Regional
Centre)
Bhubaneswar 751 019, lndia
E- mail: rc.ray6@gmail.com
Takashi UEMURA, Ph.D. (AFSA president)
Professor Emeritus, OSAKA
PRE FECTU RE U N IVE RSITY
Shimoshima 10-10, Kadoma, Osaka 571-0075 JAPAN
E-mail : takashi_uemura@msn.com
I SSN No: 2306… 2150
Publ i shed by Asi an Food Saf et y and secur i t y Associ at i on( AFSA)
Emai l : af sa, secr et ar i at @gmal l . co m
Pr i ce: BD丁
A‖
1000,
∪ss 20. 00 0r 」 PY 5000
r i ght s r eser ved Repr oduct i on and di ssemi nat i on of mat er i al s f r om t hi s b00k f Or educat i onal and Ot her non‐
Commer ci al pur poses ar e aut hor i zed w t hOut any Ⅵノr i t t en per mi ssi On f r om t he Asi an Food Saf et y and secur i t y
Associ at i on pr ovi ded t he sOur ce i s f u‖ y acknowi edged Repr oduct i on Of mat er i al f r onn t hi s l i t er at ur e f Or r esal e or
ot her commer ci al pur pOses i s pr ohi bi t ed wi t hOut t he wr i t t en per nni ssi on of t he publ l sher
111言 言
ll
i : : Asi an Food Saf et y and Secur i t y Associ at i on
Printed and published in 2017 at shijonawate Gakuen University,osaka, Japan
CONTENT
andffi
Isolatiop, Characterization
f r 61n i n
Fermented Soybean in Cambodia
-Ek Sopheap and |'asuhiro Inotsut
1絋濾孵務
棚
￨
￨■
■
￨: ■ ￨■
■
■
‐
.
‐
M6i t t t i l r : 五 : i t i : i l , 118i : ム
i l ngi i s01at ed i ol ■
- RSこ 夕ご
77め
^` 7′
, P′
nat ul ・
´″ ブ
″ ′α A/ 7ι
7″
‐
‐
‐
と続i cと
t ubi l l
al sanl pl cs
24
ι/ t イ 、 / P ZR, ィ ′7″ ′‐′メ
.″
響
ツ7出す
TI 罵[ 官 l ム鷺薫計撃
R:
T, , "'
「 沖 ⅢⅢ I R,at1lM■Ⅲ o19Ⅲ O五 ￨=ydr oPⅢ Ⅲ Ⅲ ⅢI I ●
SO14■
11Cal i gh l l l al ・kё ヽ
nl 五 ￨I Ll
Dct cct i on of bOd bOmc bact er i a■
antibiogram profile
五
ζ
ci t y i nゴ ngお dも A
01n s」 ad vc`
Ⅲ ■
l r■ ■ ￨
"■
markets and their
39
-Shadict Shonnint , LIct Ari/ut lstctni. t\lst llirrut.o Khurttrt.,t
shops
'sachil;o TADA-t'.Goichiro yuK{fi/A-2 Naoko IIAir,LlDA-sATo-s
ancl Saclao K1MEM{JSHI:!,
ScasOnal var i at i ons Of f br i nal d6五 ydさ i na i sk asscs別 3i t i i f hi l i ` : き
i l , I: J ・
、
vi t h l i Dr l l l al dchydc: Fi sh and bOd saf ct y i ssuc
■
―
S/ ′ ι′ Tα βヵ
` ,il″
,′
/t r, ■
及ガ 77ル で3′
:・
g′
′′″ P, ′ 4KヽイN01, ド
` /′
1た
古
l i t &薔 二
50
′″ ノ
騨翻靭1カ∵I I TT
` ′
Effects of different packing
-ate.ials anci srorage condirions o,, qi,itity
oi6;iiffii;*:j:i.;n'.';'itll1'
'
-lJub'tlunde Saheed ])adot', sunt.r.Jacoh), Prttkuiilu, )'rrgf,rrgri
,t,trl lrr,rlntuttctlran.ttil,agpanrl,.rira'
10
11
qorfiyu]t1j.1t9nl., rh.1t.ry:yg:r_Aragonite irnproved liver
A
study on
Lrse
of local lbod stufls
anci traclitional knorvledge
health nutrition in nrayurblianj district.
12
Odislia
;
for ""r-'-'
irrrpiruing p"uli":
I)r
Il;:Ir^"^:lr].1T11"
rerenrion trme and roarling rare on the rernovar of poilurants
from
Chuntlra.rhrec Letrka:
:"
-s. Sivctp,cttltcr, M. Tech (Research), Dept,ttnent of F-ttocl prot:c,ss Ertgineering
鵠編窯潔よ:
, ヤFI ‐
ⅢⅢl l 1111`
41Ⅲ
'''r::ii:::"
1l
-Yoshodhara illohantat attd
'::
comparison of Errrulsio_ns Stabirized by r\nionrc a,tl catioric
Biopolymers
14
6l
tuncrions
申
Ⅲ騨
鼈
胤
餓
器
憔
班
″ 石蕗
罵L …
‐竹″ なお
ⅢⅢⅢ
n¨
K・ / ん
g0
i l l abi l け
=I I l doneSi l l l l l l ■
rr ';r':r
ず
■ ￨￨‐ ■
87
1111
■■
￨￨
Pr oceedi ngs of 3r d AFSA Conf er el l ce on FoodA: l l 11l l i l 鮒
嚇
111l I
I SSN: 23062150
FROM AGROFORESTRY TO COFFEE ECO‐ CERTI FI CATI ON:
AN EXAMI NATI ON OF SUSTAI NABI LI TY OF
SMALLHOLDER FARMERSI N SEKAMPL「 NG WATERSHEDS,
SUMATRA― I NDONESI A
RYOhei Kadal ′
Hanung: smono2′ and Kat suva Ta, 9ka3′
aut hor : Ryohei Kadal emal l : 々 ασα01130gmaノ i cOm)
Bust anul Ar i f i n2′
Kwwor ds: Ecosyst cm scr vi ccs, Land and soi l degr adat i on, Agr of or est w, COf f cc eco―
1.
Background and Research Objectit,es
Food security, closely linked with environmenral
problerns, has become one of the most irnportant
contemporary issues in Asia. Especially in recent decacles.
ecological degradation such as sedimentation, water qua1it1,,
degradatior.r and fi-equeut flood occurrence, many ol which
are enhanced by climate change irnpacts, is expancling in
lndonesia and many other Southeast Asian countries. Sucli
degradation ofnatural re:lources is affecting negatively food
supply and food safety conditions. The basic issue here is
whether and horv Asian agriculture and fishcries can supply
sulficient amount and quality of lood io meet with the rapiclly
growing population, rvithout jeopardizing narural
\\/hile agriculture supplies wide-ranged ecosysterr
services including marketed goods such as fbod and ljbcr. it
also prot,ides non-uarketed services to the society such as
11ood regulation, disease control, u,ater purification ancl
scenic vieu,. People generaily.
Assume that such non-marketed ecosysteltr serr.iees
havc no econontic significance (Daily, et.al 2002). In recent
vears, hou,ever, as modem agriculture has treen causing
significant land and soil degradation due to ur-banizatior.r.
defbrestation ancl or.,erexploitation of natural resources, \ve
are leaming that the for-rr rnajor categories of ecosystetn
ser\'rces have been drastically reduced by iruman acti\ ities.
causing higher ecological risks in Indonesia and other Asiar.r
countries (see Tab. 1).
Based on an international collaborative researcli by
IIIHN (Ilesearch lnstitute fr:r Humanity and t.\arure. Kr,oto).
Shiga University and University of Larnpung (UNILA), u,c
tr1, to exarlined the recent changes of such environrrental
degradation in Indonesia. Based on this empirical research,
the present paper has two major objectives: (1) one is to
antJ assess the roles
oleco-certillcaiion.
exernrntng
small-holder coff-ee fanners in Surnatra; and (2) to estimate
fanners' prel'erences on sustainable coff-ee cerlificatiorr by
use of best-u'orst scaling methods (BWS) and examine
b1,
cer t i f l cat i on, Sumr at r a‐
I ndoncsi a
necessar\/ conditions lbr the potential expansion ofsuch eco_
certification scheme.
Our study has der.nonstrated that non-marketed
ecos)rsleln sen ices front sustainable land use in agriculture
rvould provide significant economic and ecological values,
and dcveloping rnechanism for the payrnent for ecosystem
is crucial in enhancing sustainable agricultural
developmelrt. It is also demonstrated that developing.
services
*1 Shi.lonawate Gakuen University,
Japan; .2 University of
Lanrpung, lndonesia; .3 Shigu University, Japan
and
environlnental resources.
ularily
( cor r espondi ng
N4echanism for the paylnent tbr ecosystem services is
crucialll, in.rpclflant for enhancing sustainable agricultural
developmer.rt.
2. Characleristics oJ'Research Site and Methotlology
As a tvpical exar.nple of this natural resoLrrce
degradation, rve have conducted an empirical research on
srrirllholder coI1'ee farmers in the Upper Sekampung
u'atershcd. iu Lampung, Indonesia. For this, we conclucted a
thorough household survey, by interview- ing 408 cofl.ee
fiin.ners in the above-stated r.vatershed in 201 6. Many of those
1'arlners have been adopting agrofbrestry system since the
1980s. especially in the degracled-prone watershed in cofl-ee
production centers, by planting shade trees, fruit trees, timber
ancl other multi-purpose tree species. Smallholder farmers are
the majority (over 90 percent) in coffee production system in
Inclonesia, controlling land area of l-2 hectares, with limited
acccss to technology, ntarket information and financial
sclrenres. At thc sallte time, the coffee economy is also a
sector n,ith several con.rpeting global eco-certiffing entities,
sor.ne of ri,hich l.rave a parttiership structure of smallholder
famers, cotl'ee traders, roasters, exporters, and coffee
industry in the global vah.re chain system.
Although Sekantpung
is the main
watershed in
L.anrpnng Province, serving as major food baskets, such as
ricc. maize and other crops. it also pioduces major exporr
The pr cscnt st ud) l i s consi dcr cd as an appr opr i at c and t ypi cal
case お r such cel t i ncat i on
syst cnl
vi t h r cspcct t O agr oお
、
r est l ‐
y
ねr l l l cr s' pr ci r cnccs on sust ai nabl c ccr t i ncat i on( K Tanaka,
批
11: 顆
道
111織 Tt t t 龍
i n t hc r cgi On
h選
報
, 4塀
魔
l i l t t T' s∬ 鋼: Tc111: [ l Cu鷲
Thc qucst i Onnai r c‐
bascdね r nl sur vey゛ / as cOnduct cd
i ふl t t r t t Tc乱 』λ 脚ξ∬よ
∬‖
l at t h計 錯
lポ
Suntmary and Policy Irnplications
In sllmntary. the present study calls for more
enlpo\\,erment progral.rls 1br coffee farmers to improt,e coflbe
yield ancl co1)'ee qualit,v, by encouraging better fanning
As a ncxt st cp, 、 ハ
, e l l ave al l al yzed t o cst i l l l at e cof f cc
c構
5.
:甘
dcpt h qucst i ons of cur ent pr oduct i on pr act i ccs, i nput _Out put
pat t cnl s, pr ci r el l cc On agr O食 ) r cst l γ
and par t i ci pat i On i nt O
var l ous cco― ccr t l l i cat l on, ct c
practices at the 1'arm level. Shuctural problems facing the
srnallholder col'f-ee i-anners need to be solved by providing
technical assistance, extension services and empowerment
actions at the field level. Here, some concluding remarks
shou ld be addressetl with respect to interdisciplinary approach
in ntanaging environmental risks, as shown in the case of
Sel