PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING (Route, Station, Bus Stop)

  Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gadjah Mada University PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLANNING (Route, Station, Bus Stop)

  Introduction of Transport Planning Prof. Siti Malkhamah Dr. Dewanti Dr. Muhammad Zudhy Irawan

  There are 4 stakeholders which are involved in public transport

   Government as Regulator  Operator  People  DPR

  2

  Government as Regulator has a job that:

• To determine service standards and systems/ mechanism to

  treat,

• To provide infrastructure
• To plan route and priority (bus-lane, bus-way) • To plan Bus Stop, Parking area, integration with other modes.
• To give permission for the route
• To set tariffs and subsidies (with other institution)
• To oversee

  3

   Several aspects that should be considered in the planning of public transport, such as:

  1. Technical

  2. Economy

  3. Environment

  4. Social  Example: Public transport planning technically in urban area is different from in rural area, in aspects:

  1. Headway

  2. Bus Size 3. The route, etc.

  4

   In technical aspect, Public transport planning generally divided into 2 level:

  1. Strategic Level  Route planning, station, bus stop, Transfer point  Tariff planning: flat, depends on distance and zone  Schedule planning, include: schedule of the air force arrival, schedule of the air force operational, schedule of the air force team  Passenger preference, such as comfort and safety

  2. Operational Level  Delay management  Reschedule

5 Indicator of Public Transport Services qualitatively

   Route Network: walking distance is not far, direct route, there is the integration of network between major and branch.  Mode shifting: easy, comfort, and there is coordination with the

  other services  Schedule: On time and connected with other services.

   Tariff and Ticket: Affordable rate and there is coordination with the

  other services

   Information: available and clear and include a schedule, route, tariff

  and directions

   Adequate facilities: Bus Stop/Mode shifting/station/parking area, ₆ waiting room, crossing for pedestrian

  Urban Public Transport Route Planning

  7

   Route planning is an early planning in the public transport planning  In this plan need to be considered:

  1. Maximum travel time

  2. Coordination between all route

  3. Comparison of travel time between the distance from origin zone to destination zone through the planned route with the shortest path

  4. Type of route

   Route Planning based on the main purpose

  RITK / RIK

  of public transport:

  Data Tata Guna Lahan

  1. Commuting travel

  Data Penduduk

  2. Shopping travel,

  3. Recreational Potensi Perjalanan

  travel, etc Kebutuhan Angkutan

   Route planning concepts:

  Kendaraan Umum Kendaraan Pribadi

  1. Minimize the waiting time

  Kriteria

  2. Maximize the load

  Jaringan Trayek Pelayanan

  factor

  3. Minimize the travel

  Jaringan Trayek

  time

  4. Minimize the

  RDBWK

  transfer amount

  Types of Routes

  Length of Public Transport Route (Based on classification of route, city size, and travel time)

  Classification of medium Small Route

  Major

  X X Branch < 1 hour

  X Minor 0,75 hour < 1 hour Direct

  X X

11 Route planning connected (tumpang tindih) and Deviation route

  (penyimpangan trayek)

  Route connected (tumpang tindih)

  Criteria Medium Small

  could be accepted if:

• The time interval between the bus which has route connected

  20-25% Connected 15-20% from

  longer than 3 minutes in peak

  from total (tumpeng total of route of route

  hours and 6-8 minutes in after

  tindih) length length

  or before peak hour

• Load Factor on route connected larger than 60%,

  10-15% Deviation level 5-10% from

  average is 70% from total

  (Tingkat total of travel of travel

  Route length which is

• Penyimpangan) time

  time

  connected should not larger ₁₂ than 50% of route length

  13 Simple way to determine the route 1.

  10

  Pool bus

  5. Maximum transfer only 1 time

  4. Each route should not be connected (tidak bersinggungan)

  3. Maximum deviation from the fastest travel time (shortest path) is 40%

  2. Route not twist

  1. Maximum travel time 30 minute/route

   Determine the Public Transport Route, if:

  16

  5

  Determine the zones that will be served by public transport (trip generation step)

  2

  3

  1

  If not, then it could change the route that has been determined or add a new route (depend on size of demand)  After passing step 1 and 2, then determine zones and roads.

  5. If so, then the route is quite effective 6.

  whether the amount of movement (OD matrix) is large can be served by the route that has been determined directly (without transfer)?

  4. Identify the data of origin-destination matrix (trip distribution step)

  Determine the public transport route (with several requirements such as the fastest travel time, amount of transfer, etc

  2. Identification of all road that connects between the zone 3.

25 CONTOH

  4 (0%) 6(0%) 6 (0%)

  1 – 3 – 4 (4 – 3 – 1)

  2 (200%)

  Percentage of travel time from the shortest path 1 (0%) 2 (0%)

  Travel time from possible route 1 (5) 2 (5) 2 (30) 4 (10) 6 (10) 6 (26)

  26 Route are possible (node) 1 (1 – 2) 2 (1

  10

  5

  Fastest route(shortest path) 1 - 2 1 - 3 1 – 3 - 4 Travel time on the fastest route

  Route 1 to 2 1 to 3 1 to 4

  40 Term 1 and 2  Route not twist = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6  The travel time less than 30 minute = 1, 2, 4, 6 Step 2: Determine the shortest path to the term 3 term 3  Route are possible: 1, 4, 6

  8 1 – 3 – 2 – 1 (-)

  40

  1

  7

  26

  6

  Step 1: Determine which routes are possible from the term 1 and 2

  35

  5 1 – 3 – 2 (2 – 3 – 1)

  10

  1 – 3 (3 – 1)

  4

  46

  3 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 (4 – 3 – 2 – 1)

  30

  1 – 2 – 3 (3 – 2 – 1)

  2

  5

  1 – 2 (2 – 1)

  1

  Route Node Travel time

• – 2 – 3 – 1 (-)
• – 2 – 3) 2 (1 – 2 – 3) 4 (1
• – 3) 6 (1 – 3 – 4) 6 (1 – 3 – 4)

   Step 3: Based on term 4, each road should not be connected ( tidak bersinggungan). Then route 6 have been selected than route 4, because if it is selected route 4, zone 4 could not connect.  Step 4: Based on term 5, maximum transfer = 1

  from – to Transfer amount

  1 – 2 (2 – 1) 0 (0) 1 – 3 (3 – 1) 0 (0) 1 – 4 (4 – 1) 0 (0) 2 – 3 (3 – 2) 1 (1) 2 – 4 (4 – 2) 1 (1) 3 – 4 (4 – 3) 0 (0)

   Final Result: Obtained 2 routes: Route 1 (1-2) and Route 6 (1-3-4)

HOME WORK

   Determine the Public transport route, if:

  15

  25

  10

  30

  5

  25

  35

  20

  30

  10

  1. Route not twist

  20

  20

   There is a road network:

  6 Terminal

  7

  25

  5

  3. Maximum travel time = 40% from shortest path

  2. Each route should not be connected ( tidak bersinggungan)

  8

  Answer HOME WORK

  7

  8

  4

  6

  8

  8

  6  Route 1 = 1, 2, 4  Route 2 = 1, 3, 6

  8  Route 3 = 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 6

  Bus Station and Bus Stop Planning

  20

  In Bus Station planning, the main criteria applied are:

  

  Anticipating the pedestrian movement, which is easily reached from the surrounding area

   Anticipating the movement of bus circulating effectively and efficiently. 

  Anticipating the needs of transfer quickly and easily

  

  Anticipating the movement of kiss & ride quickly and easily

  

  Making the passenger feel comfortable and safe, either for using bus, leaving bus, or transfer between another bus route

  

  Bus can be picked up and dropped the passenger easily and quickly

  

  Not affect on traffic condition in road network around the area

21 Determine the location of the passenger station viewed on:

  

  General plan layout,

  

  Traffic density and road capacity around the station,

  

  Integration of transport modes both of intramodal and intermodal,

  

  Topography in the location of station

  

  Environmental sustainability

  22

  23 Common terms for Bus Stop: 

  Located along the route of public transport/bus

  

  Located on a pedestrian lane and close with the pedestrian facilities.

   Directed close to the activity center and settlement. 

  Equipped with direction sign

  

  Do not disturb the traffic flow

• In certain places should be provided an integrated bus stop for several routes (shifting passenger place)
• When required, provided parking facilities (park and ride) which are integrated.
• Maximum distance to the pedestrian crossing facilities = 100 meters
• Minimum distance of bus stop from the intersection= 50 meters or depends on the queue length
• Minimum distance from a building(such as hospital, church, mosque, etc) which requires tranquility is 100 meters

  24 Bus Stop and Parking area

  Average stop spacing on BRT in several countries: USA(11) dan Canada

  25

  (9), Europe (8), Asia (7), dan Australia (2)

  Brainstorming: Bus Station dan Bus Stop in Singapore

  26

  Bus Stop in Singapore

27 MRT station in Singapore

  28

29 Interchange

  (bus station)

  30

  Priority for bus (mandatory give way)

  31