Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Pada Tahap Asidogenesis Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS)
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1]
BPS. 2011. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Katalog BPS : 5504003
[2] Haryati, T. 2006. Biogas: Limbah Peternakan yang Menjadi Sumber Energi
Alternatif. Jurnal WARTAZOA 16 (3) : 160
[3]
Basri, M.F., Yacob, S., Hassan, M.A., Shirai, Y., Wakisaka, M., Zakaria,
M.R., Phang, L.Y. 2010. Improved Biogas Production Palm Oil Mill Effluent by a
Scaled-down Anaerobic Treatment Process. Journal Microbiol Biotechnol.
26:505-506
[4] Mahajoeno, E., Lay, B.W., Sutjahjo, S.H., Siswanto. 2008. Potensi Limbah
Cair Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit Produksi Biogas. Jurnal Biodiversitas 9(1):48
[5] Ahmad, A., Ghufran, R., Wahid, Z.A. 2011. Bioenergy from Anaerobic
Degradation of Lipids in Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Journal Environment Science
Biotecnology 10:354
[6] Seadi, T.A., Rutz, D., Prassl, H., Kottner, M., Finsterwalder, T., Volk, S.,
Janssen, R. 2008. Biogas Handbook. University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg.
[7] Jung, J.Y., Lee, S.M., Shin, P.K., Chung, Y.C. 2000. Effect of pH on Phase
Separated Anaerobic Digestion. Biotechnology Bioprocess Engineering 5: 456
[8] Wust, E.L. 2003. Single Phase and Two Phase Cheese Wastewater
Treatment by Anaerobic SBRs. Marquette University, Thesis.
[9] Khursheed Karim, Rebecca Hoffman, Thomas Klasson, M. H. Al-Dahhan.
2005. Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste : Waste Strength Versus Impact of
Mixing. Journal Biortech 01:020
[10] Wanna Choorit dan Wisarnwan Pornpan. 2007. Effect of temperature on the
anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent. Journal of Biotechnology 10 : 03
[11] Q. Yuan., Sparling R., Oleszkiewicz J. A. 2010. VFA Generation from
Waste Activated sludge : Effect of Temperature and Mixing, Journal
Chemosphere 10 : 084
[12] Rebecca A. Hoffman, Marcelo L., Garcia, Mehul Veskivar, Khursheed,
Karim, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, 2007. Effect of Shear on Performance and
Microbial Ecology of Continuosly Stirred Anaerobic Digester Treating Manure.
Journal Biotechnology and Bioengineering 100 : 01
[13] Irvan, Bambang Trisakti, Michael Vincent, Yohanes Tandean. 2012.
Pengolahan Lanjut Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Secara Aaerobik Menggunakan
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Efefective Microorganism Guna Mengurangi Nilai TSS. Jurnal Teknik Kimia
USU, Vol. 1, No. 2
[14] BAPPEDASU. 2012. Komoditi Unggulan Daerah. Badan Pemerintah
Daerah Sumatera Utara.
[15] TAMSI-DMSI. 2010. Fakta Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Tim Advokasi Minyak
Sawit Indonesia - Dewan Minyak Sawit Indonesia
[16] BKPM. 2012. Produksi Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Badan Koordinasi
Penanaman Modal Indonesia
[17] Zinatizadeh, A.A.L., Mohamed, A.R., Najafpour, G.D., Isa, M.H.,
Nasrollahzadeh, H. 2006. Kinetic Evaluation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Digestion
in a High Rate Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Fixed Film Bioreactor. Process
Biochemistry 41:1038
[18] Ma, A.N. 2000. Environmental Management for The Palm Oil Industry.
Palm Oil Dev. 30 :1-10
[19] Chow, M.C. 1991. Palm Oil Mill Effluent Analysis. Palm Oil Research
Istitute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
[20] Purnomo, Joko. 2009. Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biogas.
Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
[21] Gerhard, Agrinz. 2008. Biogas Purification and Assessment of The Natural
Gas Grid. Leitbnitz, Austria.
[22] Deublein, D., Steinhauser, A. 2008. Biogas from Waste and Renewable
Resources. Weinheim. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
[23] Soetopo, R.S., Purwati, S., Setiawan, Y., Adhytia, K. 2011. Efektivitas
Proses Kontinyu Digestasi Anaerobik Dua Tahap pada Pengolahan Lumpur
Biologi Industri Kertas. Jurnal Riset Industri 5(2):131-132
[24] Lang, L.Y. 2007. Treatability of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using
Black Liquor in an Anaerobic Treatment Process. University Sains Malaysia,
Thesis.
[25] Demirel, B., Scherer, P. 2008. The Roles of Acetotrophic and
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens During Anaerobic Conversion of Biomass to
Methane. Journal Environmental Science Biotechnology 7:175
[26] Beni Hermawan, Lailatul Qodriyah, dan Candrarini Puspita. 2007.
Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik sebagai Sumber Biogas Untuk Mengatasi Krisis
Energi Dalam Negeri. Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Universitas Lampung.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[27] Broughton, A.D. 2009. Hydrolysis and Acidogenesis of Farm Dairy Effluent
for Biogas Production at Ambient Temperature. Environmental Engineering.
Massey University New Zealand, Thesis.
[28] Kamase, Care. 2009.
http://www.kamase.org.
Cara
Mudah
Membuat
Digester
Biogas.
[29] Burke, D. A. 2001. Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook. Olympia :
Environmental Energy Company
[30] Geankoplis, C.J. 1997. Transport Process and Unit Operation. Third
Edition. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India
[31] Badan Litbang Pertanian. 2011. Inovasi Mekanisasi mendukung Penyediaan
energi Rumah Tangga Petani. Agroinavasi. Edisi 1-7 No.3408. Badan Penelitian
dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
[32] Eriksson, Ola. 2010. Environmental Technology Assessment of Natural Gas
Compared to Biogas. University of Gavle Sweden.
[33]
PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO). 2014. Penyesuaian Harga Jual
Keekonomian BBM PERTAMINA Sektor Industri dan Bunker.
[34] Kivaisi, A.K., Mtila, M. 1998. Production of Biogas from Water Hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes) (Mart) (Solms) in a Two-stage Bioreactor. Journal of
Microbiology & Biotechnology 14 : 125-131
[35] Li, R., Chen, S., dan Li, X. 2010. Biogas Production from Anaerobic Codigestionof Food Waste with Dairy Manure in a Two-Phase Digestion System
Appl. Biochem Biotechnol 160: 643–654
[36] Cavinato C., Bolzonella D., Fatone F., Cecchi F., dan Pavan P. 2012.
Optimization of two-phase thermophilic anaerobic digestion of biowaste for biohythane production through reject water recirculation. Bioresource Technology
102(18): 8605-8611
[37] APHA. 1999. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste
Water Edisi 20. Washington DC : APHA, AWWA, WEF
[38] Yoshimassa, Tomiuchi. 2009. Current Strategy of Metawater on Methane
Fermentation of Palm Oil Plant Wastewater. Metawater Co.,Ltd.
[39] MENLH. 2010. Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 03
Tahun 2010. Tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair bagi Kegiatan Industri.
[40] Munc, Elisabeth. V, Greenfield, Paul. F. 1998. Estimating VFA
Concentrations in Prefermenters By Measuring pH. Wat. Res. Vol. 32, No.
8,(1998). pp. 2431-2441.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[41] Bengtsson, Simon. Hallquist, Jakob. Werker, Alan. Welender, Thomas.
2008. Acidogenic Fermentation of Industrial Wastewater : Effect of Chemostat
Retention Time and pH on Volatile Fatty Acid Production. Biochemical
Engineering Journal 40 (2008) 492-499.
[42] Kim, J.K., Oh, B.R., Chun, Y.N., dan Kim, S.W. 2006. Effects of
Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Anaerobic Digestion of Food
Waste. Journal Of Bioscience And Bioengineering 102 (4): 328–332
[43] Grady Jr. C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., dan Lim, H.C. 1999. Biological Wastewater
Treatment. Edisi ke-2. New York: Marcel Deeker, Inc
[44] Arista, Indra. 2008. Pemodelan Biodegradasi di Jaringan Sewerage Daerah
Perkotaan. Bandung : Institut Teknologi Bandung
[45] Ikbal. Nugroho, Rudi. 2006. Pengolahan Sludge Dengan Proses Biologi
Anaerobik. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan. P3TL-BPPT. 7.(1): 80-89.
[46] Lise Appels. Beyans, Jan. Degreve, Jan. Dewil, Raf. 2008. Principles and
Potential of the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge. Progress in
Energy and Combustion Science 34. (2008). 755-781.
[47] Eka Triakuntini, Sudarno, Endro Sutrisno (2013) “Pengaruh Pengenceran
dan Pengadukan pada Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Rumah Makan dengan
Menggunakan Starter Ekstrak Rumen Sapi” Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan,
September 2013, hal 1-11.
[48] Irawati, M. D. F., Sudarno, Hadiwidodo, (2013) “Pengaruh Pengadukan
dan Variasi Feeding pada Sampah Dapur Rumah Makan terhadap Laju Produksi
Biogas dengan Penambahan Rumen Sapi (Bos Taurus) sebagai Aktivator”. Jurnal
Teknik Lingkungan, Mei 2013, hal 3-11.
[49] Boe, K. Online Monitoring and Control of the Biogas Process. 2006. Phd.
Thesis, Institute of Environment and Resources, Technical University of
Denmark.
[50] Speece, R.E. 1996. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial Wastewater.
USA: Archae Press
[51] SenthilKumar, M., Gnanapragasam, G., Arutchelvan, V., Nagarajan, S. 2010.
Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time in a Two-phase Upflow Anaerobic Sludge
Blanket Reactor Treating Textile Dyeing Effluent Using Sago Effluent as the
Co-substrate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:649-654
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1]
BPS. 2011. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Katalog BPS : 5504003
[2] Haryati, T. 2006. Biogas: Limbah Peternakan yang Menjadi Sumber Energi
Alternatif. Jurnal WARTAZOA 16 (3) : 160
[3]
Basri, M.F., Yacob, S., Hassan, M.A., Shirai, Y., Wakisaka, M., Zakaria,
M.R., Phang, L.Y. 2010. Improved Biogas Production Palm Oil Mill Effluent by a
Scaled-down Anaerobic Treatment Process. Journal Microbiol Biotechnol.
26:505-506
[4] Mahajoeno, E., Lay, B.W., Sutjahjo, S.H., Siswanto. 2008. Potensi Limbah
Cair Pabrik Minyak Kelapa Sawit Produksi Biogas. Jurnal Biodiversitas 9(1):48
[5] Ahmad, A., Ghufran, R., Wahid, Z.A. 2011. Bioenergy from Anaerobic
Degradation of Lipids in Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Journal Environment Science
Biotecnology 10:354
[6] Seadi, T.A., Rutz, D., Prassl, H., Kottner, M., Finsterwalder, T., Volk, S.,
Janssen, R. 2008. Biogas Handbook. University of Southern Denmark Esbjerg.
[7] Jung, J.Y., Lee, S.M., Shin, P.K., Chung, Y.C. 2000. Effect of pH on Phase
Separated Anaerobic Digestion. Biotechnology Bioprocess Engineering 5: 456
[8] Wust, E.L. 2003. Single Phase and Two Phase Cheese Wastewater
Treatment by Anaerobic SBRs. Marquette University, Thesis.
[9] Khursheed Karim, Rebecca Hoffman, Thomas Klasson, M. H. Al-Dahhan.
2005. Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste : Waste Strength Versus Impact of
Mixing. Journal Biortech 01:020
[10] Wanna Choorit dan Wisarnwan Pornpan. 2007. Effect of temperature on the
anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent. Journal of Biotechnology 10 : 03
[11] Q. Yuan., Sparling R., Oleszkiewicz J. A. 2010. VFA Generation from
Waste Activated sludge : Effect of Temperature and Mixing, Journal
Chemosphere 10 : 084
[12] Rebecca A. Hoffman, Marcelo L., Garcia, Mehul Veskivar, Khursheed,
Karim, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, 2007. Effect of Shear on Performance and
Microbial Ecology of Continuosly Stirred Anaerobic Digester Treating Manure.
Journal Biotechnology and Bioengineering 100 : 01
[13] Irvan, Bambang Trisakti, Michael Vincent, Yohanes Tandean. 2012.
Pengolahan Lanjut Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Secara Aaerobik Menggunakan
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Efefective Microorganism Guna Mengurangi Nilai TSS. Jurnal Teknik Kimia
USU, Vol. 1, No. 2
[14] BAPPEDASU. 2012. Komoditi Unggulan Daerah. Badan Pemerintah
Daerah Sumatera Utara.
[15] TAMSI-DMSI. 2010. Fakta Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Tim Advokasi Minyak
Sawit Indonesia - Dewan Minyak Sawit Indonesia
[16] BKPM. 2012. Produksi Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Badan Koordinasi
Penanaman Modal Indonesia
[17] Zinatizadeh, A.A.L., Mohamed, A.R., Najafpour, G.D., Isa, M.H.,
Nasrollahzadeh, H. 2006. Kinetic Evaluation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Digestion
in a High Rate Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Fixed Film Bioreactor. Process
Biochemistry 41:1038
[18] Ma, A.N. 2000. Environmental Management for The Palm Oil Industry.
Palm Oil Dev. 30 :1-10
[19] Chow, M.C. 1991. Palm Oil Mill Effluent Analysis. Palm Oil Research
Istitute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
[20] Purnomo, Joko. 2009. Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biogas.
Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
[21] Gerhard, Agrinz. 2008. Biogas Purification and Assessment of The Natural
Gas Grid. Leitbnitz, Austria.
[22] Deublein, D., Steinhauser, A. 2008. Biogas from Waste and Renewable
Resources. Weinheim. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
[23] Soetopo, R.S., Purwati, S., Setiawan, Y., Adhytia, K. 2011. Efektivitas
Proses Kontinyu Digestasi Anaerobik Dua Tahap pada Pengolahan Lumpur
Biologi Industri Kertas. Jurnal Riset Industri 5(2):131-132
[24] Lang, L.Y. 2007. Treatability of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using
Black Liquor in an Anaerobic Treatment Process. University Sains Malaysia,
Thesis.
[25] Demirel, B., Scherer, P. 2008. The Roles of Acetotrophic and
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens During Anaerobic Conversion of Biomass to
Methane. Journal Environmental Science Biotechnology 7:175
[26] Beni Hermawan, Lailatul Qodriyah, dan Candrarini Puspita. 2007.
Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik sebagai Sumber Biogas Untuk Mengatasi Krisis
Energi Dalam Negeri. Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Universitas Lampung.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[27] Broughton, A.D. 2009. Hydrolysis and Acidogenesis of Farm Dairy Effluent
for Biogas Production at Ambient Temperature. Environmental Engineering.
Massey University New Zealand, Thesis.
[28] Kamase, Care. 2009.
http://www.kamase.org.
Cara
Mudah
Membuat
Digester
Biogas.
[29] Burke, D. A. 2001. Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion Handbook. Olympia :
Environmental Energy Company
[30] Geankoplis, C.J. 1997. Transport Process and Unit Operation. Third
Edition. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India
[31] Badan Litbang Pertanian. 2011. Inovasi Mekanisasi mendukung Penyediaan
energi Rumah Tangga Petani. Agroinavasi. Edisi 1-7 No.3408. Badan Penelitian
dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
[32] Eriksson, Ola. 2010. Environmental Technology Assessment of Natural Gas
Compared to Biogas. University of Gavle Sweden.
[33]
PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO). 2014. Penyesuaian Harga Jual
Keekonomian BBM PERTAMINA Sektor Industri dan Bunker.
[34] Kivaisi, A.K., Mtila, M. 1998. Production of Biogas from Water Hyacinth
(Eichhornia crassipes) (Mart) (Solms) in a Two-stage Bioreactor. Journal of
Microbiology & Biotechnology 14 : 125-131
[35] Li, R., Chen, S., dan Li, X. 2010. Biogas Production from Anaerobic Codigestionof Food Waste with Dairy Manure in a Two-Phase Digestion System
Appl. Biochem Biotechnol 160: 643–654
[36] Cavinato C., Bolzonella D., Fatone F., Cecchi F., dan Pavan P. 2012.
Optimization of two-phase thermophilic anaerobic digestion of biowaste for biohythane production through reject water recirculation. Bioresource Technology
102(18): 8605-8611
[37] APHA. 1999. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste
Water Edisi 20. Washington DC : APHA, AWWA, WEF
[38] Yoshimassa, Tomiuchi. 2009. Current Strategy of Metawater on Methane
Fermentation of Palm Oil Plant Wastewater. Metawater Co.,Ltd.
[39] MENLH. 2010. Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 03
Tahun 2010. Tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair bagi Kegiatan Industri.
[40] Munc, Elisabeth. V, Greenfield, Paul. F. 1998. Estimating VFA
Concentrations in Prefermenters By Measuring pH. Wat. Res. Vol. 32, No.
8,(1998). pp. 2431-2441.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[41] Bengtsson, Simon. Hallquist, Jakob. Werker, Alan. Welender, Thomas.
2008. Acidogenic Fermentation of Industrial Wastewater : Effect of Chemostat
Retention Time and pH on Volatile Fatty Acid Production. Biochemical
Engineering Journal 40 (2008) 492-499.
[42] Kim, J.K., Oh, B.R., Chun, Y.N., dan Kim, S.W. 2006. Effects of
Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Anaerobic Digestion of Food
Waste. Journal Of Bioscience And Bioengineering 102 (4): 328–332
[43] Grady Jr. C.P.L., Daigger, G.T., dan Lim, H.C. 1999. Biological Wastewater
Treatment. Edisi ke-2. New York: Marcel Deeker, Inc
[44] Arista, Indra. 2008. Pemodelan Biodegradasi di Jaringan Sewerage Daerah
Perkotaan. Bandung : Institut Teknologi Bandung
[45] Ikbal. Nugroho, Rudi. 2006. Pengolahan Sludge Dengan Proses Biologi
Anaerobik. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan. P3TL-BPPT. 7.(1): 80-89.
[46] Lise Appels. Beyans, Jan. Degreve, Jan. Dewil, Raf. 2008. Principles and
Potential of the Anaerobic Digestion of Waste-Activated Sludge. Progress in
Energy and Combustion Science 34. (2008). 755-781.
[47] Eka Triakuntini, Sudarno, Endro Sutrisno (2013) “Pengaruh Pengenceran
dan Pengadukan pada Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Rumah Makan dengan
Menggunakan Starter Ekstrak Rumen Sapi” Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan,
September 2013, hal 1-11.
[48] Irawati, M. D. F., Sudarno, Hadiwidodo, (2013) “Pengaruh Pengadukan
dan Variasi Feeding pada Sampah Dapur Rumah Makan terhadap Laju Produksi
Biogas dengan Penambahan Rumen Sapi (Bos Taurus) sebagai Aktivator”. Jurnal
Teknik Lingkungan, Mei 2013, hal 3-11.
[49] Boe, K. Online Monitoring and Control of the Biogas Process. 2006. Phd.
Thesis, Institute of Environment and Resources, Technical University of
Denmark.
[50] Speece, R.E. 1996. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Industrial Wastewater.
USA: Archae Press
[51] SenthilKumar, M., Gnanapragasam, G., Arutchelvan, V., Nagarajan, S. 2010.
Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time in a Two-phase Upflow Anaerobic Sludge
Blanket Reactor Treating Textile Dyeing Effluent Using Sago Effluent as the
Co-substrate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:649-654
Universitas Sumatera Utara