THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION BASED ON THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD HISTORY REFORMING AND RECONSTRUCTING THE FUTURE EDUCATION - Test Repository

  

THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION BASED ON THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

HISTORY REFORMING AND RECONSTRUCTING THE FUTURE EDUCATION

  Submitted to the Board o f Examiners in Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements for the Degree o f Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in the English and Education Department

  S IT I N U R M A R H E N I NIM. 113 01 054

  

ENGLISH AND EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN)

SALATIGA

  

2006

  DEPARTEMEN AGAMA SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (STAIN) SALATIGA JL Tentara Pelajar 02 Telp. (0298) 323706, 323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga 50721 Website :

D E K L A R A S I

  Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

  Dengan penuh kejujuran dan tanggung jawab, penulis menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini tidak berisi materi yang pernah ditulis oleh orang lain atau pernah diterbitkan. Demikian juga skripsi ini tidak berisi satupun pikiran-pikiran orang lain, kecuali informasi yang terdapat dalam referensi yang dijadikan bahan rujukan.

  Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata terdapat materi atau pikiran-pikiran orang lain di luar referensi yang peneliti cantumkan, maka peneliti sanggup mempertanggung jawabkan kembali keaslian skripsi ini di hadapan sidang munaqosyah skripsi.

  Demikian deklarasi ini dibuat oleh peneliti untuk dapat dimaklumi.

  Salatiga, 31 Januari 2006 Penulis

  SITI NURMARHENI NIM. 113 01 054 Dr. H. Muh. Saerozi, M.Ag The Lecturer o f Education Faculty

  State Islamic Studies Institute o f Salatiga

ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES

  Case : Siti Nurmarheni’s Thesis Salatiga. January 31a 2006

  Dear The Head o f State Islamic Studies Institute of Salatiga Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

  After reading and correcting Siti Nurmarheni’s thesis entitled “THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION BASED ON THE PROPHET HISTORY REFORMING AND

  RECONSTRUCTING THE FUTURE EDUCATION”, I have decided and would like to propose that if it could be accepted by the educational faculty. I hope it would be examined as soon as possible. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

  Assistant consultant Consultant Hammam. S.Pd

  Dr. H. Muh. Saerozi. M.Ag NIP. 150 301 293 NIP. 1500247014

DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS AFFARIS

  Jl. Stadion 03 Phone (0298) 323706 Salatiga 50721

  

STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION

THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION BASED ON THE PROPHET

MUHAMMAD HISTORY REFORMING AND RECONSTRUCTING THE

FUTURE EDUCATION

  S IT I N U R M A R H E N I NIM. 113 01 054 Has been brought to the board of examiners in February 28th, 2006/Muharram 29th 1427 H to completely fulfill the requirement of the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

  Islam (S.Pd.I) in English and Education Department.

  Salatiga, Muharram 29 th,! 427 H

  February 28 th, 2006 M Board Examiners

  Assistant consultant

  Ha mma m. S.Pd NIP. 150 301 298

  Consultant

  NIP. 1500247014

  MOTTO

education is not everything, 6ut everything can 6e sta rted from

education.

  

(BeCievers, mahe room in your assem6Cies when you are 6idden to do

so : A dah w id mahe room f o r you. Again, peace up when you are

taCf^to rise : Ahhah w id raise to high ranhy those that have fa ith

an d hnowCedge among you. He is cognizant o f a d you r action. (Ah

9/Lujadahah 11)

  

DEDICATION

  This thesis is whole heatedly dedicated to :

• My beloved Dad and Mom, Mr. Sunardi and Mrs. Siti Rochmiati, I really love you. Thanks for your true love, “Nothing gonna change my love for you”.
• My beloved brother Heri, I love you so much !! I hope you to be a good moslem, do the best for your future.
• The big family of KAMMI and LDK - The big family of PM. Walisongo, Safira, and Zamrud.
• My prospective husband.

  9. Mrs. Idah oktaviani, thanks for your helps.

  10. My best friends dik Udin and Cinul, thanks for your suggestion and motivation for me.

  11. Mami Susi, Mimit, Umi, Siti, Mbak Dewi, Mbak Yani, Mbak ella,Uungs, Asri, Idatul, Burhan, And Amin, do not forget our friendship. I love you all so much.

  12. Anik, Hanik, and Masruri, you are my favorite friends in Sahabat comp, thanks for your kidding.

  13. All my friends in LDK and KAMMI 14. All of my friends in TBI A and B 2001.

  15. Pak Yuli thanks for your help to type my thesis

  16. All people who help me, that I cannot mention one by one Finally, the writer realizes that this thesis is still far from being perfect and still needs many improvements therefore all suggestions and criticisms for perfection will be welcome and received with gratitude. However the writer hopes that this will give useful significance for readers

  Salatiga, 31s1 January 2006 Siti Nurmarhenii

  11301054

  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

  Alhamdulillahirabbiralamin, in the name of Allah the Lord of the universe, because of Him the writer could complete this thesis as one of the requirements for getting Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in English Department of Educational Faculty of State Islamic studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga in 2006.

  However, this success would not be achieved without supports, guidances, advice, helps and encouragements from individuals and institutions, therefore, let him say thanks to :

  1. Drs. Badwan, M.Ag, the Head of State Islamic studies Institute (STAIN) of Salatiga.

  2. Drs. Sa’adi, M.Ag, the head master of English Department.

  3. Dr. Moh. Saerozi M.Ag. and Hammam,S.Pd.,as my consultants thanks for your kindness to guide in finished the writer thesis.

  4. All of lectures in English department, thanks for your lesson, support, and knowledge for me.

  5. My beloved mother and father, who have taught me everything, facilitated me, I really love you, may God bless you.

  6. All of my teachers in PM. Walisongo, Safira, and Zamrud.

  7. My younger brother Heri, I love you so much.

  8. Mrs. Wida and her husband thanks for your suggestions, motivations, and helps.

  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

  

  

  CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  CHAPTER II MUHAMMAD AS A TEACHER

  

  

  

   CHAPTER III “THE DISCIPLES” OF MUHAMMAD

  A. The Ethic Between Student and Teacher in

  

  

  

  

  

   BIBLIOGRAPHY CURICULUM VITAE APPENDIX

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Education is important in our life. It means the process to learn

  unknown to be known. Education is identical with formal education, or popular on school. Whereas it was not only formal system but also informal one.

  Another opinion says education also means one process with one method, so people obtain about knowledge, comprehension and the manner attitude with what they need.1 It means the process of learn used one method, after that the students have knowledge what they want. Basically, it means the process to increase knowledge and comprehension about science and to change the attitude to be well. Usually the term is applied to formal institution.

  If someone says about education, spontaneously the orientation is formal education from elementary school until university. It is the structure of institution from this teaching-learning process or process education started, so it can result the wanted purpose.

  There are many institutions in education, such as state owned education, private education, etc. It moves in teaching learning process to make the future generation have good quality. Since the fate of country in future definite as quality of society, to surpass this problem, the government *

  'Muhibbin Syah. 1997. Psikologi Pendidikan dengan Pendekatan Baru. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.Page 10

  2

  establishes nine years program compulsory education or popular with wajar

  sembilan tahun. The purpose of this program is to avoid Indonesian society from illiterated comunitiy.

  Method is one of important point in education process. It is needed in teaching learning process to manage the way to teach. This country (Indonesia) uses CBSA method (Curriculum Base of Students Active) last years. This method tries to make the students active in teaching learning process. It demands the students to be active and be autonomous. As this country uses CBC method or competence - based curriculum. It is the new method. This method focuses on the competence of student. The teacher has duty to guide their students to develop their competence.

  The two systems above basically, show the interaction among the students and teachers. Here the teachers are demanded to have vision, so they can describe the people who resulted. Vision is needed in order that education can continue and significant all of changing in the future, so the people who resulted have readiness in the facing challenge and be able to anticipate.2 3

  People establish a theory found in the basic of the society condition where they live and face the problem . So, there are many theories which establish not perfect. The people find one theory contradicts with one and another. It is fact in modem management.

  2H.A. Malik Fadjar. 1998. Visi Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam. Jakarta: CV. Alfa Grafikatama. Page 212

  3Nawwal At Thuwairoqi. 2004. Sekolah Unggulan Berbasis Siroh Nabawiyah. Jakarta:

  7

  3 Now, maybe it is the moment to return to Allah and his prophet. Since the fact, all of theory in this world can not answer the problems nowday. As a perfect method and include all of aspects in life, Islam as method has mutual eternal foundation. It has a concept of education. In sura Al Alaq Allah commands people to look for knowledge. By saying :

  'A

“Read in the name o f your lord who created, created man from clots o f

congealed blood. Read! Your lord is the most Bountiful one, who thought by

the pen, thought man what he did not know. Indeed, man transgresses in

thinking himself self-sufficient, verily to your lord is the return. Have you seen

the man who forbids a servant when he prays, have you seen i f he follows the

right guidance or enjoins piety?'1'1

  

Think : i f he denies the truth and gives to head, does he not know that Allah

observes all things?

Let him desist, or we will drag him by the forelock, his lying sinful forelock.

Then let him call his helpmates, We, in our turn, will can the angels o f

punishment. No, never obey him! Postdate your self and come nearer /”

  The concept of management in education or interaction method in teaching learning process can be adapted from the history of prophet. How the _{J , / ° 1 (/ S > s' & s ^ \ . s ’ 0 ? s’* ' -} prophet Muhammad taught his companions, Allah says in Al Ahzaab 21 ' ^ ' J ' '

  «oil ^ ^ ^ ‘Tow have a good example in Allah's apostle fo r anyone who looks to Allah and the last day and remembers Allah always".

  4 The writer is interested in conducting a research about the concept of

  education based on the history of prophet, because the fact indicates how important this problem is.

  By conducting this research, the writer hopes that scientific development, especially the education will increase well. Later it is hoped that a clear understanding of Islamic concept of education will be a motivation for teachers as guidance to teach their students.

B. Identification of the Problems

  To make the topic easier, the writer proposes some identification about the problem are as follows :

  1. Method in teaching learning process is very important because it can determine the result of education process.

  2. Teacher has great duty to lead and to guide their students because they have great role to make the teaching learning success or not.

  3. The concept of education based on the history of prophet is one concept which can answer the future education challenge.

  C. Limitation of the Problem To avoid the mistake in understanding this research the writer will limit the problems are as follows :

  1. The concept of education based on the history of prophet especially prophet Muhammad SAW.

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  2. The values of the history of prophet are important in reforming and reconstructing Islamic education.

  D. The Statement of the Problem

  The statement of the problem is used to make emphasis of this research. It is intended to overcome bias in the study of this graduating paper.

  The researcher raises questions are as follows :

  1. How is the concept of education based on the history of prophet ?

  2. How is the concept of ideal teacher ?

  3. How far is the concept of education based on the history of prophet can reconstruct the future of education ?

  E. Objective of the Study 1. To find out the concept of education based on the history of prophet.

  2. To find out the concept of ideal teacher.

  3. To find out the concept of education based on the history of prophet to construct of the future education.

  F. Benefits of the Study

  1. Theoretical benefit It is useful to contribute scientific development, especially of education method.

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  2. Practical benefit A clear understanding of education based on the history of prophet will become a motivation and a guidance for educator in interaction with their students in teaching learning process to produce a good generation.

  G. Definition of Terms

  1. The Concept Concept is an idea underlying a class of thing for generation.4 It also means the idea or definition which is abstracted based on the concrete even.5

  2. Education Education means a conscious effort to realize process and condition of learning in order to produce learners who can develop their potential in getting spiritual force, self-control, behavior intelligence and skill which is needed by themselves, society and nation.6 7 And it also * means a systematic training and instruction, especially of the young in ₇ school, college, etc.

  3. The prophet history According to A1 Ghadhbaan he explains that the history of prophet means the history of prophet that since from he was revealed until he died,

  4 AS Hornby. 1974. Oxford Advanced Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press of Concern English. Page 347

  5 Ibid. Page 86 Page 277

  6Ibid.

  7Permin Silaban. 2003. UU RI No. 20 th tentang Sisdiknas. Jakarta: PT Kloang Klede Putra Timur. Page 3

  7

  the disciples of life and the spreading of Islam in this period. In addition according to Fairuz Abadi the history of prophet means the tradition, role system, all of condition and current all of it the purpose to imitate.Q

  4. Reforming Reforming means become or make better in behavior or improve and also means change or improvement in a law or social system."

  5. Reconstructing Reconstructing means build or put together.11

H. Research Methodology

  1. The kind of research To collect the data about the concept of education based on the prophet's history, the writer uses the library research.

  2. Method of collect data The writer devides the data sources in two parts :

  a. Primary source The primary data source is the data which is used in the research directly, the writer uses the Qur'an, hadits and book entitled

  “Sekolah Unggulan Berbasis Siroh Nabawiyah ” by Nawwal Ath

  Thuwairaqi, also “Siroh Nabawiyah” by Syaikh Shafiyyurahman Ai Mubarokfury. * *

  sNawawi Ath Thuwairoqi. Op. Cit. Page 21 'ibid.

  Page 21 l0AS Homby. Op. Cit. Page 347 g

  b. Secondary source The secondary data source which supports and completes the primary data source, for example books, journals, magazines, etc.

  3. Method of analysis

  a. Descriptive analysis It is trial to collect the data to construct, to analyze and interpret the data having been obtained.

  b. Critical method It will uncover the thought of the history of prophet concept of education, to formulate or reconstruct the Islamic education in contemporary era.

I. Literature Review

  To find specific aspect of this research different from previous ones, the writer here lists some building of others.

  The writer found many research on literature such as Titik Naziatul Muniroh. Her thesis entitled : “Towards Reposition o f Understanding the

  Islamic Educational Concept in the Global Era (A Study o f Ghozalian Thought in the Chapter o f Knowledge o f Ihya ' Ulumuddin). She writes the

  position of student and teacher in teaching learning process. The student must regard or follow the instruction from their teacher. Her thesis focuses on the interaction attitude between the student and the teacher in teaching learning process.

  9 In another research, the writer found the thesis entitled “Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence and Effort to Construct Future Education ” by Sugiman.

  His thesis show the concept of education based on emotional and spiritual intelligence. Further “Ibnu Qoyyim Al Jauziyah ’s Concept o f Faith Education,

  its Influence Towards Morality"

  by Amir Choirudin. His thesis focuses on faith education and morality. He writes that faith education can influence morality.

  The last literature entitled “The Influence o f Education System o f

  Ikhwanul Muslimin Towards Moslem Personality Building" by Fauzan

  Anwar. His thesis focuses on Ikhwanul Muslimin concept of education. He also writes the verses which match with education system of Ikhwanul Muslimin to make Moslem personality building.

  J. The Out Line of Thesis

  In order to make this paper is easy to understand, the writer uses the following system of presentation as follows : Chapter I is introduction which contains the background of the study, identification of the problem, limitation of the problem, the statement of the problem, objective of the study, benefit of the study, definition of terms, research methodology, literature review, the out line of thesis.

  Chapter II is Muhammad as a teacher which contains the purpose of Muhammad teaching, the principles of education based on Muhammad teaching. The characteristic of teacher based on Muhammad teaching, and the method of education based on Muhammad teaching.

  10 Chapter Illis the students of Muhammad which contains the ethic

  between student and teacher based on Muhammad teaching, and the obligation of student.

  Chapter IV is the analysis of education based on the prophet history to reform and reconstmct the future education which contains the teaching learning process by Muhammad, and strategy to reform and reconstruct the future education.

  Chapter V is the closure which contains the conclusion and suggestion. The last part is bibliography and appendix

CHAPTER II MUHAMMAD AS A TEACHER In this chapter, the writer is going to talk about Muhammad as a teacher. It

  contains the purpose of Muhammad teaching, the principles of Muhammad teaching, the characteristic of teacher based on Muhammad teaching, and the method of education based on Muhammad teaching.

A. The Purpose of Muhammad Teaching

  Etymologically, the word purpose means a direction of purposing and bowing, in terminology it means something is expected or will be reached after an attempt or an activity finished. For that reason, the purpose of education means a changing that is hoped for students after they are gaining experience from education processes. The processes of this education can shape attitude, life, society, and nature of the human life.1

  According to Brubacher, quoted by Achmadi in his book “//mw

  Pendidikan Islam

  ” suggested that function of the education aims as follows :

  1. Giving the direction of the educational process. The first step which has be done in the process of education is to determine the aim of education, without any exact purpose all of education activities will loses the direction and have possibility to be fail.

  1 Achmadi. 1992. Islam sebagai Paradigma Ilmu Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Aditya Media, page 59

  12

  2. Giving motivation in the educational activities, as the basic of the aim of education, it is the value which intended or will be reached and internalized in the children or the subjects.

  3. The aim of education is the criteria or the measurement of educational _-y evaluation.' According to Ahmad D. Marimba in his book “Pengantar Filsafat

  Pendidikan Islam ”, that there are four functions of educational purposes;

  explained the final result, directional result in the first purpose will bom the other purposes and the last giving mark (attitude) in this attempt.2

  3 After knowing the function of the purposes, it can determine the direction to get the last result that is wanted. In formulating the Islamic education’s purpose should appropriate with the creation of people in the world. According to Omar Muhammad Attoumy Asy Syaebani, the purpose of Islamic education has four basic points, in the following : 1. The characteristic involves religiousness and morality'.

  2. The universal characteristic includes all of student’s personal aspects and all of aspects that develop in society.

  3. The characteristic of balancing without any contradictions between component and the role of realization.

  2 Ibid page 60 ’.Armai Arief. 2002 Pengantar Ilmu dan Metodologi Pendidikan Islam Jakarta: Ciputat

  4. The realistic characteristic be able to apply changing of attitude and give priority to the role of life. Considering the differences among individual society, culture, the ability to change and develop if it is needed.'

  The people know that the sources of Islam are the Qur'an and hadist Actually, the Qur’an has explained all of aspects in human life, include the aspect of education. The purpose of education in the Qur'an as follow s

  1. The purpose of education introduces people about the roles among the others and the personal responsible in their life

  2. The purpose introduces people about the social interacnon and the responsibility in their life.

  3. The purpose introduces people about this nature, invites them to understand the purpose of the creating to giving possibility to take the benefit of it.

  4. The purpose introduces people about the creator of the world (Allah t and commands them to act of devotion for God.

  The purpose of Muhammad teaching is similar with the purpose of education in the Quran, because Muhammad is the messenger of God that is obligated for him to act the concept of the Quran in the world. Four purposes of education in the Qur’an can be understood that first from three purposes are the medium in getting the last purpose that is to knowing of Allah or

• m a’rifatullah. It is clear that the first purpose of Islamic education is 4

  4 Achmadi. op. cit. page 61 Muhammad Fadlil a) Jamali. 1993. Konsep Pendidikan Qur'ani sebuah Kajian

  14 ma'rifatullah and obey to Him. Besides understanding themselves, society and nature are medium in ma 'rifatullah.

  In world’s conference about Islamic education in 1977 had been formulated that the purposes of education aim at the balanced growth of the total personality on man through the training of man’s spirit, intellect, feeling and body sense. Education should be cover the growth of man in all aspects, both the individually and the attainment of perfection. The ultimate aim Islamic education lies in the realization of complete submission to Allah on the level of the individual, the community of human at large (first world conference on Moslem education, 1977).6

  If the people correlate some formulations above with the Qur'an and hadist, it can be found the purpose of Islamic education as follows :

  1. Growing or developing obedience of God. As Allah said in Ali Imron : 102. (Believers, fear Allah as you rightly should, and do not die expect as Moslems).

  2. Growing the spirit and attitude in order always perform their self to god.

  Like Adzariyat 56 (I only created mankind and the jinn that they might worship me.

  3. Building and increasing akhlakul karimah or good character such as the prophet said, “I was delegated by Allah is to complete good attitude.” (HR. Bukhori)

6 Chabib Thoha 1996 Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam Yogyakarta Pustaka Pelajar

  4. Growing scientific awareness by researching human activity, universe, and the life of Allah’s creature.

  General purpose of education is divided into three parts, that are general purpose, temporary purpose and the final purpose. Prominent purpose is the purpose that will be reached with all of actions in teaching learning process or with the other role. Temporary purpose is the purpose that will be reached after the student is given some experiences that is planned in a curriculum. The final purpose is the purpose which wanted in order to create students become perfect human (insan kamil).

  According to Imam A1 Ghozali, the purposes of Islamic education can be divided in two points, such as :

  1. To form the perfect human that obey their God

  2. To form the perfect human to get the happiness of life in the world and in the hereafter.7 * The same statements said by Ibn Kaldun, stated that the purposes of education were divided into two aspects. The first purpose is hereafter orientation, it will create human who have good attention to their obligation to

  God. The second, it is world orientation to make people who have ability to

  o face this life and give benefits for others.

  B. The Principles of Muhammad Teaching The prophet is a real good model of education. He taught Islamic society in Macca and Madina. Besides, he taught the law problems of their

  15

7 Armai Arief. op. cit. page 22

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  life, and also taught the life value noble, haah or honorable self and responsibility in their obligation to prorogate the religion.9 Rasulullah was a great teacher. He had the great education method and pays attention to all of aspects that is needed by the children. Rasulullah commanded that discursion about people must be adjusted with their capacity.

  Islam teacher mankind to pay attention about the different capacity of students, not only paying of attention but also temperament, readiness, and character of students. 10 *

  Rasulullah taught the mankind some basic principles and methods in teaching learning process. Basic principles in education is centered in two kinds, bound principles and remembrance principles.11 The bound principles were taught by Rasulullah based on the book entitle “Sekolah Unggulan

  berbasis Sir oh Nabawiyah”

  by Nawwal Ath Thuwairoqi as follows12:

  1. Implementing ideal commander character,

  a. Patient principle Rasulullah was very gentleness with his disciples and his enemy. He had never been angry, as if there are found a neglecting of

  God’s laws or an bad action against Islam. A gentleness is a principle that is used by Rasulullah in his interaction, both with friends and

  9 Abdurohman A1 Baydadi. 1996. Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Masn Khilaf ah Islam Surabaya: A1 Izzah. page 30

10 Abdurrohman An Nahlawi. 1989. Prinsip-Prinsip dan Metode Pendidikan Islam.

  Bandung: Darul Fikrs. page 47 "Abdullah Nashih Ulwan. 1999. Pendidikan Anak dalam Islam. Translated by : jamaludin Miri. Jakarta: Pustaka Amani, page 12Nawwaal Ath Thuwairaqi. 2004. Sekolah Unggulan Berbasis Siroh Nabawiyah.

  17

  enemies. He succeeded in getting empathy of society. Finally, the community was getting close their self to him. So, they never willing if Rasulullah hie by disaster or torture.

  It is believed that gentleness is one principle in educational management. School management is the important faces difference in school types of people. So it is founded stiff character in speaking or action. Gentleness principle can build a good social interaction between institution and teacher, students and people who are responsible for pupils, and society around.

  b. Tawadhu (prescribed ablution) and tolerant Rasulullah was a life example in tawadhu, modest, sociable, and tolerant. Indeed, tawadhu character have to conduct in school management interaction between teachers, officials employees, administrators and students. It can build love, affection, and cooperation among them, so they feel that there are one group and nothing different between them.

  c. Husnudzon or good feeling principle Allah says in the Qur’an, sura A1 Hujurot verses 12

  Believers, avoid most o f suspicion, fo r in some cases suspicion is a crime. Do not spy (on one another), nor backbite one

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  another. Would any o f you like to eat the flesh o f his dead brother? Surely you would loathe it. Have fear ofAllah. He is forgiving and merciful.

  This verse forbids human having bad feeling to the others.

  Huznudhan is not only limited on honor and privacy, but also on

  hearing and seeing. People have to understand the reason why the people do it. It is a way to love and affect in a society at school.

  d. Clarity principle cooperation This principle is very important in giving certainty to the other groups that have the differences in mind. So it can create some hesitance and prejudice. Therefore, the line of vision is clear for all of people that is included in the process. Every people balances in their function and also they must understand about their duty and obligation.

  e. Forgiveness and tolerant principle Allah says in the Qur’an sura A1 A’rof verses 199

  Show forgiveness, enjoin justice, and avoid the ignorant

  In educational world, forgive and tolerant principle must be implemented. It is important in order they do not demand the other people to be perfect, because they have different characters. From that reason, people will put the others appropriate with their thinking, because it is natural and from god.

  Rasulullah taught that the mankind about forgiving principle. He had never hated people who course to him, and also put a people

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  appropriate with their standard of thinking . In one story was explained that three people come to Rasulullah and they asked the some questions, but Rasulullah answers this question differently. The reason is that Rasulullah put them based on their position.

  f. Distinct Principle Many problems need distinction in this realization, especially if it includes social benefaction. Rasulullah always distincts in their interaction, either with their disciples or their enemies. It should be able to draw in people faith. He also commands distinct principle in giving interaction. The leader must be clear in giving instruction, so it can be understood and realized easily.

  g. Justice principle Justice in a society is not only focus on one group, but also in other groups. General justice (Syamil) is not Influenced by family, friendless, hate and hostility factors. Rasulullah told the justice principle to Moslem society and the other groups where he left in their society. He gave priority to social affairs principle in his action. Every people is not permitted to give priority for individual importance in their society life. In the other hands, the social affairs should not ignore the individual affairs, arbitrarily put a side personal basic rights. The mankind can not held justice, before the individual basic rights have been held.

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  h. Agreement fullness principle This principle is a good character that indicates nobleness, status and Islamic quality of people. Rasulullah is very serious in conducting this principle in society life. He always attempts to be consistent with an agreement that had made.

  2. Growing the firmness of friendship motivation In growing of friendship motivation, Rasulullah had ukhuwah concept for the mankind. Ukhuwah is a result from deed in a way of God.

  The point of ukhuwah is to up right every people based on the similarity of faith among them. Ukhuwah has result hoped in the world and here after.

  Rasulullah gave ukhuwah education for his disciples, and commanded to realize this concept. He said

  b A

  Imam al Bukhari and Imam Muslim (Haditsfrom Imam al Bukhori) storied by Abu Musa al Asy'ariy ra. Rosulullah said “one muslim and the otheU like one building that which one and another as corroborate, (fathermore, he plait the digit o f his hand to explain his fought) n

1 Fatah Abu Ghuddah. 1997. 40 Strategi Pembelajaran Rasulullah Translated by

  21 From the hadits above, explains that ukhuwah Islamiyah and love

  are eternal in the world and hereafter. There are some points to grow friendship or ukhuwah, as follows : a. Mutual advice and competitive motivation principle

  An advice influences people spirit more over. If it is said with smote, honest and love. It will grow strong relation among people.

  Rasulullah used this principle in his life. He gave advice for his disciples and received advice from others.

  The protecting ukhuwah among people, they have to motivate each others in goodness. Competition must have among people, if it can rise hidden ability in every people. Rasulullah explained that competition will bring benefit for them, so Rasulullah growth motivation for them to finishing their works. Therefore, the mankind are hoped to have an ability in helping motivation among them it will be more good.

  b. Relationship and aid principle Relationship principle contains togetherness motivation or ruh

  jama 'ah, that makes people strength and confidence in their

  togetherness. It also develops the personal character, train, relation and adds the spirit in doing their job.

  Relation principle grows feeling to help among them. Rasulullah attempted to make condition with love and understanding the Islamic society relationship. Allah says in A1 Maidah verses 2.

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   "jojji» 4J&1 j l <Uil I p j l j j l j Do not allow your hatredfor those who would debar your from the holy mosque to lead you into sin. Help one another in what is good and pious, not in what is wicked and sinful. Have fear o f Allah, fo r He s stern in retribution.

  c. Loving devotion principle Love grows from aqidah Islamiah or faith will unify Moslem society. It is very importance to build Islamic society. It can make good relation among them.

  d. Regardless principle Allah regards human since, they are created. He commands angel to admit for them and makes them kholifah fil ardh or the leader of the world, but it must be protected by themselves regarding to others. It has positive influence in building good relationship among them.

  Rasulullah asked the mankind to use the regarding principles in Moslem society. He succeeded attracting the disciple’s love by starting from regardless principle than growing tolerant character.

  e. Charity principle and giving a good news because of goodness Human must pay attention to all of conditions and the individual character, because it has positive influence in building good

  23

  social interaction. Rasulullah is very serious in implementing this principles. An example of this principle is giving a good news for the others. Saying a good news to others can give a good feeling in their spirit and also giving motivation for them to work hard. This principle can build conducive condition in developing social interaction in a society.

  f. Loyalty principle Loyalty is the obligation of members to their leader, as long as it is not doing wickedness. Rasulullah gave loyalty education to his disciples. It can build a good communication among them.

  g. Philanthropy principle 14 Philanthropy is a good character that is taught in Islam, it contains an attempting to help the others and to give something for them in order to get happiness. Philanthropy does not mean replying one goodness, but gives something for the others. If every people is conscious to applies this principle, they will live with love.

  3. Exploration trace and effective managerial motivation The basic principle that is taught by Rasulullah based on the book entitle “Sekolah Unggulan Berbasis siroh Nabawiyah” by Nawwal Ath

  Thuwairoqi, as follows :

  24

  a. Exploration of trace principle and regardless of other people ability Allah creates people with different traces, although they have similarity in their body. Sometimes this differences is significant and sometimes is not. From this matter, the mankind can be found the great law of education that every people must help and tolerant to others.

  The difference trace or ability is hoped to fill each other. Therefore, the differences can be understood to develop the human capability. It is possible to rise a society’s quality by understanding their trace or ability to give an appropriate based on their capacity

  Rasulullah paid attention seriously to apply this principles in uniting Islamic society. The key is by exploit people’s trace and guide them base on their skill. Finally, people’s trace can give optimal benefit in getting their purpose. For example :

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  25 Imam al Bukhori and al Tirmidzi was storied by Khorijah bin Zaid bin T sabit Jrom his father zaid bin Tsabit,he said “Rasulullah gives command for me to study o f Yahudi Language, he said 1 do not peaceful feeling with my latter. Zaid Father said “Every two weeks 1 study it fo r Rasulullah. He said

  “After / study it, if Rasulullah sent letter for yahudi he commands me to write this latter, and i f he receives the latter, 1 always read the letter fo r him. Al Tirmizi said “It is hadits hasan shahih. ’’ Al amasy also storiedfrom Tsabit bin Ubaid, from zaid bin Tsabit, he said “Rasulullah commands me to study siryany language. Rasulullah do it, because he looks that Zaid bin

  Tsabit have trace to understand, remember, and memorize quickly. Furthermore, Rasulullah guides Zaid trace to study Yahudi language, so it can give benefit for them.

  b. Putting people base on their ability and choosing precise leader To put people in one position needs specific judgment as well as appropriate with their ability. The purpose is to choose a leader precisely who accord with the mission. Islam has some criterias in choosing precise leader, such as; taqwa or good reputation, have motivation to be loyal for their society, and the other pre requirements as quality of education (last certificate), training is followed (training certificate), test and interview. Rasulullah paid attention this procedure when giving duty for Moslem.

  c. Effective managerial motivation Motivation is an important factor on people changing. Two points that we can apply to build an ukhuwah, as follows :

  1) Material motivation This motivation has an important part in giving new motivation to conduct and to finish their job well. This innovation can develop work productivity standard in many kinds of job. In

  26

  this case, people can give prize for the best people cause their succeed. It had known since Rasulullah era. He gave prize for people who deserve. It becomes great motivation for them to be sincere in their charitable beside the faith factor to job. 15

  2) Immaterial motivation Immaterial motivation is a factor in around society that can interest people to fill social life and personal needs. For example a good saying, that can be able to raise ruh maknawiyah or spirit motivation, self confidence and a motivation to carry out a job better.

  d. Decisionmaking16 In taking a decision, Rasulullah taught the mankind about meeting or syuro’ procedure. Allah says in sura A1 Imran verses 159