Submitted to the Board Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
THE PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATIVE
PRINCIPLE IN A COMEDY MOVIE ENTITLED
“MEET THE PARENTS”
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I)
English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
By:
SITI PURWANINGSIH
113 10 115
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA
2015
DECLARATION
Hereby the writer declares that graduating paper entitled THE ―
PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN A
COMEDY MOVIE ENTITLED is originally made by the
“MEET THE PARENTS”writer herself. It is not a plagiarism or has been published by other people ideas except the information from the references. If it is then proved that the writer is a plagiarism, the writer is ready to take the responsibility.
Likewise, this declaration is made by the writer, and she hopes that this declaration can be understood.
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Salatiga, April 07 2015 The Writer
SITI PURWANINGSIH NIM. 113 10 115
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA
Jl. Tentara Pelajar 02 Tlp (0298) 323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga 50731 Website :
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Salatiga, April 07 2015 Faizal Risdianto, S. S, M. Hum. The Lecturer of English Education Department State Institute For Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR’S NOTE
Case : Siti Purwaningsih‘s Graduating Paper
Dear Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty
Assalamu’alaikum, wr.wb
After reading and correcting Siti Purwaningsih THE ‘s graduating paper entitled “
PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN A I have decided and
COMEDY MOVIE ENTITLED “MEET THE PARENTS”, would like to propose that this paper can be accepted by the Teacher Training and Education Faculty. I hope this paper can be examined as soon as possible.
Wassalamu’alaikum, wr.wb
Counselor,
Faizal Risdianto, S. S, M. Hum
NIP. 197509172008 01 1010
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) SALATIGA
GRADUATING PAPER “ THE PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN A COMEDY MOVIE ENTITLED “MEET THE PARENTS”
Has been brought to the Board of Examiners of English and Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty at State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN)
Salatiga on 28
th
March 2015 and hereby considered to complete the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in English and Education Department.
Board of Examiners, Head Secretary First Examiner Second Examiner
: Prof. Dr. Muh. Zuhri, MA : Rr. Dewi Wahyu Mustikasari, M. Pd : Dr. H. Sa‘adi, M. Ag : Hanung Triyoko, S. S., M. Hum., M. Ed
Salatiga, April 07
th
2015
Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Suwardi, M. Pd.
NIP. 19670121 199903 1 002
Jl. Tentara Pelajar 02 Tlp (0298) 323433 Fax 323433 Salatiga 50731 Website :
WRITTEN BY: SITI PURWANINGSIH NIM: 113 10 115
MOTTO
―Honesty is the most single most important factor having a direct
bearing on the final success of an individual, corporation, or
product‖
(Ed McMahon)
DEDICATION
This graduating paper is whole heartedly dedicated to: 1. My Lord, Allah SWT . . . Thanks to Allah for giving me spirit and power in my life, especially to finish this graduating paper.
2. My beloved Mom and Dad (Andini And Sholikin), who gave love, kind, advice, and support for your daugther. Thanks for your pray and fund, I love you so much.
3. My honorable consultant (Mr. Faizal Risdianto, S. S, M. Hum.) who gave me suggestion and dazzling research brief to finish my graduating paper. Thanks a lot Mr. Fay! 4. My dearest brothers and sister (M. Nurudin, M. Syaifudin, and Shoimatul Khasanah), thanks for your motivation and making me laugh in our home.
5. Thanks you for my beloved friend Risa, who never leave me alone and kind to me like a sister for me. Thanks you so much for your motivation and togetherness.
6. My dearest classmeates TBI D‘10, Aini, Wilda, Sinta, Sinna, Intan, Wahyu, Tika, Sopi, Muth,Matul, and Ayu who make me laugh and share together.
7. My boarding house mates (especially Titik, Rischa, and Indah), thanks for the togetherness and support.
8. Thanks a lot for the youth of Kesatuan Remaja Jetis (KERIS) who believe on me as your leader. Thank you so much for your pray and cooperation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
the writer would like to express my sincere thanks to Allah SWT,
Alhamdulillah
who has given health, blessing, inspiration, and protection so that this graduating paper could be finished. This graduating paper is submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in English Education Department
. Moreover, this graduating paper is also expected one of guideline for the readers who want to improve their knowledge about Pragmatics. The writer realizes that actually this graduating paper cannot complete without the advice, encouragement, guidance, suggestions, and support from many people during the writing of the graduating paper. The writer would like to express her sincere thanks to:
The Head and Vice 1, Vice 2, vice 3 of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) 1. salatiga.
2. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) salatiga.
3. The Head and Secretary of English Education Department of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN) Salatiga 4. Mr. Norwanto, S. Pd., M. Hum as Academic Counselor who has support and give suggestion to finish all the lectures of State Institute for Islamic Studies (IAIN)
Salatiga 5. Mr. Faizal Risdianto, S. S, M. Hum., as the consultant who has educated, supported, directed and given advices, suggestions, corrections, and recommendations for the writer to finish this thesis.
6. All the lecturers in English Education Department who have given much knowledge, the writer deeply thanks to you all.
7. My beloved family, thanks for your spirit and patient.
8. All of staffs who have helped the writer in processing of graduating paper administration.
9. All friends of D class and all friends in English Education Department. Thank for your friendship and kindness.
10. Those cannot be mentioned one by one.
Eventually, this graduating paper is expected to be able to provide useful knowledge and information to the readers. The writer is pleased to accept more suggestion and contribution for the improvement of this graduating paper.
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Salatiga, April 07 2015 The writer
SITI PURWANINGSIH NIM. 113 10 115
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE………………………………………………………………….….13
20
19
1. Maxim of Quantity .................................................
Definition of Cooperative Principle ...................................
B.
Definition of Pragmatics .....................................................
17 CHAPTER II: THEORITICAL REVIEW A.
16
7
I DECLARATION………………………………………………...………. ii
7
6
6
5
1
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study…………………………………….. B. Problems of the Study...........……………………………….. C. The Purposes of the Study………………………………….. D. Benefits of the Study………………………………………… E. Limitation of the Study……………………………………… F. Definitions of The Terms…………………………………… G. Research Method ............................................................ H. Review of Related Study ................................................. I. Research Paper Organization ...........................................
TABLE OF CONTENT…...……………………………………………… ABSTRACT ix xi
CERTIFICATION PAGE ………………………..……………..……….. iv MOTTO……………………………………..……………………………. v DEDICATION………………………………………………………….... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………….. vii
ATTENTIVE CONSELOR NOTES……...……………………….…….. iii
21
2.
22 Maxim of Quality ....................................................
3.
22 Maxim of Relation ....................................................
4.
23 Maxim of Manner .....................................................
C.
23 Definition of Violation Maxim .............................................
D.
26 Definition Culture ................................................................
E.
27 Comedy Movie “Meet the Parents” ....................................
CHAPTER III: DATA PRESENTATION A.
30 Data of Line Maxims ..........................................................
B.
53 Data of Violated Maxims ...................................................
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS A.
68 Data of In Line Maxims .....................................................
1.
68 Maxim of Quantity .................................................
2.
77 Maxim of Quality ...................................................
3.
85 Maxim of Relation ..................................................
4.
91 Maxim of Manner ...................................................
B.
95 Data of Violated Maxims ..................................................
1.
95 Maxim of Quantity ..................................................
2.
100 Maxim of Quality ...................................................
3.
104 Maxim of Relation ..................................................
4.
107 Maxim of Manner ...................................................
C.
113 Socio Cultural Background of American Society ...............
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A.
120 Conclusion ........................................................................
B.
121 Suggestion ........................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ABSTRACT
Purwaningsih, Siti 2015. The Pragmatics Analysis of The Cooperative Principle In A Comedy Movie Entitled
“Meet the Parents” Graduating Paper English
Department of Education Faculty Salatiga. State Institute For Islamic Studies (STAIN) of Salatiga. January 2015. Counselor, Faizal Risdianto, S. S., M. Hum.
: Pragmatics and Cooperative Principle.
Keywords
In the daily conversation, it is found some people who disobey the rule of conversation. Such as lied, ignoring the speaker, gave the information too much and too short. The purpose of this research is to find out the cooperative principle used in a movie script. The methodology of this study is qualitative research; it does not need statistic approach to analysis the data. In this research, the writer took a research about
The Pragmatics Analysis of the Cooperative Principle in A Comedy Movie Entitled
“Meet the Parents. Qualitative research is inductive research as follows observation,
analyze data along with example, and draw conclusion. The result of this research is the writer found 62 conversations in line maxim and 39 conversations violated maxim. There was maxim of quality which was the most domains in line maxim in this movie. This movie start with untruth condition, the main character tried to solve all the lies which have done in the end of this movie. The writer also found some socio cultural background of American society. There are artifact (object or event), commercial, belief and value, economic life, sexual habit, and religion. The moral value of this movie, the writer draw an important thing in this movie is ―Everything we done, tried to be ho nest.‖
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study Every day human cannot avoid communication in their life. Language is
one of the important matters in the communication. Human needs the language to communicate and make conversation with others. Using conversation, people can share information, build relationship, express emotion to others and persuade them to understand our utterances. It dealing with this, According to Adisutrisno (2008:63) when a sentence is spoken in a particular context by a certain speaker and is directed to a hearer, the sentence is called an utterance.
In conversation there are two things that are important matters, they are speaker and hearer. Between them need cooperation in their conversation.
Budiati said that in making conversation runs well sometimes it need strategy and skills. It is often found some conversations get stuck because of losing connection between speaker and hearer (November 2012: Vol. 5. No 2). Using cooperation, they can understand their utterance and the conversation works and connect smoothly. The cooperatio n in this conversation is called ―Cooperative Principle‖ by George Yule. Cooperative principle itself makes your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged (Yule, 1996:37). There are 4 maxims in the cooperative principle: Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Relation, and Maxim of Manner.
When we have a role as the speaker or the hearer, surely the role true or based on the fact, have the right adequate information, relevant and perceivable term. For example, this conversation occurred in a Comedy Movie entitled ―Meet the Parents‖ when Pam asked to Greg that she wanted Greg answer the question and gave the true information for her.
Pam :What's going on? Greg : I was in the neighborhood, got off work early. Thought maybe youwanted to get a bite to eat.
The conversation above can be categorized to be in line of the maxims, it is included in maxim of quantity because Greg gave complete information about his plan to meet Pam and ask her to get lunch together. Pam wants to Greg explain in clear and strong argument.
Conversely, some of its conversations often violate this principle. For example, this conversation was occurred in the movie when Greg lied about his feeling to a cat.
Jack : Well, that's okay if you hate cats, Greg? Greg : No!I don't. I don't hate cats at all.
The conversation above between Jack and Greg belongs to violation of maxim of quality. It because of Greg did not give the true information and lied about his feeling if he hates the cat.The aim of his untrue information was to ingratiate Jack to be chummier.
Related to this case, Leech (1983:08), distinguish between Principle and maxims are:
a) Principle/maxims apply variably to different contexts or language use.
b) Principle/maxims apply in variable degrees, rather than in all-or - nothing ways.
c) Principle/maxims can conflict with one another.
d) Principle/maxims can be contravened without abnegation of the kind of activity which they control.
On that example of violation maxim of quality, the conversation included in point C of Leech‘s argument about principle/maxims, because Greg‘s answer makes the conflict between Jack and Greg.
In addition, pragmaticsconcerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader).
It has, consequently, more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterance than what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves. Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning (Yule, 1996:03).
Pragmatic analysis focuses on contextual meaning which produced by speaker and itput emphasis interpreted by the hearer or their partner in the communication process. It means that consideration is one of the most important things in the communication to get good effect of the speaker and the hearer.
Moreover, the researcher analyzes the socio cultural background of American society in a comedy movie entitled ―Meet the Parents‖. One of the socio cultural backgrounds in this movie was economic life. For example:
Greg : Will you stop making fun of me for being a nurse? Jack : Could you at least try, maybe, to consider another
profession? Greg : Jack, yes or no?
In this conversation, Jack made fun about Greg‘s profession as a male nurse. He wanted him to choose another profession, like Doctor. Jack‘s profession was an agent CIA, and his daughter‘s (Debby) fiancé was Bob M.D
(Medical Doctor). It showed profession and economic life was necessary in Jack‘s dwelling, New York. It deals with Williams (1960:157) said that the
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ideology of the early 20 century American business civilization included as basic beliefs: belief that the greatest economic good of society would be achieved through the undertrained play of individual self interest; faith in the sanctity of ―private property‖, belief in freedom contract; the assumption that economic order is best in which there is minimum of state regulation; belief in the ability of a competitive market to maintain itself and to allocate the society‘s resources in the optimum manner.
From the explanation above, the writer has an interest to conduct the study of Cooperative Principle especially in line and violating maxims used in a comedy movie ―Meet the Parents‖. Here the writer carries out a research
THE PRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATIVE
entitled ―
PRINCIPLE IN A COMEDY MOVIE ENTITLED “MEET THE PARENTS”
B. Problems of the Study
In a comedy movie entitle ―Meet the Parents‖, the writer formulated three problems. They are:
1. What are the types of cooperative principle in a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents”? 2.
What is the meaning of each utterance in a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents”? 3.
What is the most dominant cooperative principle and its socio cultural background of American society used in a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents”?
C. Purposes of the Study 1.
To describe the types of cooperative principle in a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents” 2.
To explain the meaning of each utterance in a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents” 3.
To know the most widely cooperative principle and its socio cultural background of American society that used in a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents” D.
Benefits of the Study
After applying the research, the writer hoped that this research is beneficial to:
1. The Research
To make the writer understand the film manuscript and the film story that will be analyzed. Also the writer understands the context of each utterance. In addition, the writer knows kinds of the cooperative principle of maxims and the example list of them. Moreover, the writer knows some culture of American society in ―Meet the Parents‖ movie.
2. The Teacher This research can be a guide or source for teacher and to improve the teaching and learning method to develop the study of pragmatics.
3. Students The students know more about linguistics especially about cooperative principle maxims in the people‘s utterance. And they will know the characteristic of each maxims and the meaning on it. It can be used as knowledge materials in the study pragmatics, linguistic, semantics and others.
4. Other Researcher This research can be used as reference, source, and information for the related research field in the next future.
E. Limitation of the Study
The writer analyzes cooperative principle maxims in a comedy movie entitled ―Meet the Parents‖. Based on the script, the writer focuses on types of cooperative principle maxims. The types of cooperative principle maxims are: maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner.
F. Definition of the Terms 1. Definition of Pragmatics
According to Yule (1996:04) pragmatics is the study of the relationship between linguistic form and users of those forms. The advantage of studying language via pragmatic is that one can talk about people‘s intended meaning, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and the kinds of actions that they are performing when they speak.
According to Mey (1993:06) pragmatics studies the use of language in human communication as determined by the conditions of society.
According to Wilson that cited by Mey (2009:744) Pragmatics is concerned with meaning in the contextof language use. Basically, when we communicatethrough language we often mean more than we say; there is often a gap between speakers meaning andsentence meaning.
2. Definition of Cooperative Principle
The speaker and the hearer need to respond each other in their conversation with the needed information and give the complete information that will be benefit them. By giving the truth and required information, the hearer will be more comfortable to understand the speaker utterance. This action included cooperative principle when they manage the conversation to be successful.
According to Grice as cited by Mey (2009:569), cooperative principle is make your contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.
3. Definition of Maxims
According to Thomas cited by Mey (1995:560-570), the concept of maxim is crucial notion within the theory of the cooperative principle.
Grice never meant that the maxims should always be observed, one of several common misunderstandings which have marred the field of GriceanPragmatics since its beginning.
The cooperative principle consists of four maxims. They are maxim ofquantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, maxim of manner. By applying cooperative principle, the speaker allows the hearer to dra w the assumptions about the speaker‘s intention and the contextual meaning.
a. Maxim of Quantity
This maxim has two characteristics, they are:
1) Make your contribution as informative as is required.
2) Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Example : Pam : Are you okay, sweetie? You're acting so weird.
Greg : I'm fine. I just got a crick in my neck. I was doing C.P.R... on a pound crack addict this morning. This
conversation can be categorized as maxim of quantity, because Greg gave complete and right answer about his condition.
b. Maxim of Quality
The characteristics are: 1)
Do not say what you believe to be false
2) Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
Example:
Dina : Oh, yucky. What smells of old sour milk? Pam : Oh, poor Greg got spit up on by a baby.
This conversation included of maxim of quality, because Pam gave the truth information about Greg‘s shirt got spit up on by a baby and the smell was not good.
c. Maxim of Relation
This maxim states that each participant‘s contribution should be relevant to the subject of the conversation.
Example:
Greg : Pam, I didn't know you had a cat? Pam : Yeah, I left him here when I moved to Chicago.
This conversation included of maxim relation, because the question and answer are relevant.
d. Maxim of Manner
The characteristics are: 1)
Avoid obscurity of expression 2)
Avoid ambiguity 3)
Be brief 4)
Be orderly Example : Dina : Oh, now, Greg, you have a very unique last name.
Um, we were curious, how do you pronounce it? Greg : Oh, just like it's spelled. F-O-C-K-E-R.
This conversation included of maxim of manner, because Greg answer Dina‘s question with spell his name as the order of Dina.
4. Definition of Violation A ccording to Grice as cited Khosravizadeh and Sadehvandi
(2011:12), violation occurs when takes place when speakers intentionally refrain to apply certain maxims in their conversation to cause misunderstanding on their participants‘ part or to achieve some other purposes.
According to Grice as cited Anneke H. Tupan (2008:121) said that, Violation is the condition where the speakers do not purposefully fulfill certain maxim. When the speakers do maxim violation, the conversation between the speakers and the hearers can be unsuccessful since they will misunderstand each other. Speakers who violate a maxim cause the hearer not to know the truth and only understand the surface meaning of the speaker‘s words. In doing so the speaker can violate more than one maxim at the same time and the writers later name it as the multiple violations.
5. Definition of Culture
According to Spancer-Oatey (2012:02), Culture is a fuzzy set of basic assumptions and values, orientations to life, beliefs, policies, procedures and behavioral conventions that are shared by a group of people, and that influence (but do not determine) each member‘s behavior and his/her interpretations of the ‗meaning‘ of other people‘s behavior.
Popular culture is easy to get because it‘s everywhere to be gotten it surrounds us the way water surrounds fish, a transparent environmentcrucial to our survival. We tend to overlook the omnipresence of popular culture precisely because it is such a familiar part of our everyday environment. Consider for a moment, however, that the clothes you are wearing, the mall or store you purchased them in, the food you eat, the television program which inform and entertain you, and the very textbook you are holding in your hands right now are all aspects of popular culture and you may begin to see how completely we are suspended in these popular culture seas-deep water indeed (Nachbar and Lause, 1992:02) G.
Research Method 1.
The Research of Method In this research, the writer uses qualitative research. This type of research is ―Descriptive Qualitative Research‖. According to Silverman (1993:20), qualitative research is often treated as a relatively minor methodology to be used, if it all, at early or exploratory stages of study.
Viewed from this perspective, qualitative research can be used to familiarize oneself with a setting before the serious sampling and counting begins. Furthermore, Suryabrata (2003:76) said that, Descriptive research is research whichintendstomakedescriptionabout situationsorevents. In this senseitis adescriptivestudyof basic dataaccumulatedinpurelydescriptivemay not need to look fororexplain themutualrelations, testing hypotheses, makepredictions, orgainmeaningimplications, althoughresearchthat aimstofindthese thingscanincludethedescriptivemethods.
2. Object of the Research The object of this research is the cooperative principle used in a comedy movie entitles
“Meet the Parents” script. The data can be in the forms of clause and sentence.
3. The Method of Collecting Data In this research, the writer uses the documentation method to collect the data. Documentation consists of written data, the authentic, valid or formal form of something that can be used to complete the information. It can be paper, media and other products. According to Arikunto (1995:236) Documentation is looking for the data about the items, such as transcription, book, newspaper, magazine, and so on.
In this research, look for the data about conversation transcribe in a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents”. The writer
uses analyze method to collected data. The observation of this research is observing conversation between the speaker and the partner inthe written data sources of a comedy movie entitled “Meet the Parents”.
4. Data Source The writer looks for the secondary data script of ―Meet the
Parents‖ movie which taken from
According to Ruslan (2010:30),
the secondary data is acquiring data in the available form by means of publication and information that produced by a variety organization or company, included magazine journal, Bank, and finances.
6. The Method of Analyzing Data In analyzing data, the writer uses library research.
According to Ruslan (2010:31), library research is looking for the data or information research through read the scientific journal, referential book and other publications which available in the library. These libraries research same with the referential method. According to Sudaryanto (1993:13), referential method is data analyzing method which the standard outside, regardless and it is not become from language involvement.
Referential method use to decide the function and conversation meaning on ―Meet the Parents‖ movie. The writer analyzes data by using the following steps: a.
The writer watches the ―Meet the Parents‖ movie frequently.
b.
The writer reads the script of ―Meet the Parents‖ movie.
c.
The writer writes the duration of each utterance on the script of Meet the Parents‖ movie.
d.
The writer makes data transcription or data presentation from ―Meet the Parents‖ movie.
e.
The writer categories data according Grice‘s Maxim on ―Meet the Parents‖ movie.
f.
The writer makes code the four maxims between in line and violation on ―Meet the Parents‖ movie.
g.
The writer describes and analyses the data which there are two kinds of data, the data of line the maxims and the data of violation maxims. h.
The writer finds the contextual meaning in conversation ―Meet the Parents‖ movie. i.
The writer finds the socio cultural background of American society on ―Meet the Parents‖ movie.
H. Review of Related Study
There are many researches that arranged graduating paper about cooperative principle and maxim analysis which conducted previous study. The first, RatnaWulandari (2013) conduct the research on
“The Pragmatics Analysis of Cooperative Principle on “Contraband” Movie. In that research, she
analyzed the conversation which is line and violated cooperative principle based on Grice‘s maxims. There are 26 conversations that in line maxim. They are 7 in line maxim of quantity, 12 in line maxim of quality, 2 in line maxim of relation, and 4 in line maxim of manner. Also there are 27 conversations in violated maxim. They are 4 in violated maxim of quantity, 14 in violated maxim of quality, 5 in violated maxim of relation, and 4 in violated maxim of manner.
The second, Lestari (2013) conduct a research on the Analysis of
conversational Implicature in the Movie Script of “Despicable Me”. In her
research, she analyzed the dialogue in the conversation which is violating the Gricean maxims based on cooperative principle. She found 19 violated maxims.
There are 2 violated maxim of quantity, 6 violated maxim of quality, 4 violated maxim of relation, and 7 violated maxim of manner.
The third, NanikRestiwiDiastuti (2012) conducts a research on The
Analysis Maxims on “TEARS OF THE SUN” Movie. In her research, she
analyzed the dialogue in the conversation which is violating the Gricean maxims based on cooperative principle. She found 31 conversations that violated maxim. They are 12 in violated maxim of quantity, 7 in violated maxim of quality, 7 in violated maxim of relation, and 5 in violated maxim of manner.
From the third researches, there writer conducts a research on
The Pragmatics Analysis of the Cooperative Principle in A Comedy Movie Entitled “Meet The Parents. In this research, the writer analyzed the dialogue conversation which is in line and violating Gricean maxims based on cooperative principle. Then the writer finds the utterance meaning of that. Also the writer finds the socio cultural background of American society in that movie.
I. Research Paper Organization
This paper consist of five chapters, Chapter I is an introduction, which are contains background of the study, problems of the study, purpose of the study, benefit of the study, limitation of the study, definition of key terms, research method, and paper organization. Chapter
II gives some definitions concerning the Pragmatics, Cooperative Principle, Culture, and the biography of a comedy movie entitled “Meet the Parents”. It contains synopsis of the movie and literary elements.
Chapter III is data presentation. There are two kinds of maxims, they are data in line maxim and data violating maxim. Chapter IV consists of data analysis and socio cultural background of American society. Data analysis contains analysis of data in line maxim and data violating maxim on
“Meet the Parents” movie script. Socio cultural background of
Parents” movie. The last, chapter V is closure, which contains the
conclusion and suggestion for the further research. The last terms in this
research paper are bibliography and appendix.CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW In this chapter, the writer wanted to discuss about the pragmatics
analysis. There were the theoretical reviews of pragmatics included the definition of Cooperative Principle and the violation maxims which used in ―Meet the Parents‖ comedy movie script. Also, there was a synopsis and literary elements of a comedy movie entitled
“Meet the Parents”.
A. Definition of Pragmatics
And the pragmatics must be part of semantics, which is study of language meaning in context, language use, or language interaction (Adisutrisno, 2008:4).
According to Mey (1993:06) Pragmatics as the study of the way humans use their access to the language in a communication, bases itself on a study of those premises and determines how they affect, and effectualize, human language use. Hence:
Pragmatics studies the use of language in human communication as determined by the condition of society.
Yule (1996:4) says that pragmatics is the study of the relationship between linguistic forms and the users of those forms.
On those definitions above, the writer conclude that communication needs the speaker and the hearer interaction to convey their utterance, included their purpose and goals, and the kind of action or request. The pragmatics is the study of context and language use. It sometimes cannot be predictable by linguistic form. The pragmatic analysis focused on the meaning of the speaker utterances rather than word and sentence meaning on their conversation. It needed interpretation by the hearer to understand the meaning of each utterance.
B. Definition of Cooperative Principle
Paul Grice proposed the assumption of cooperate between the speaker and the hearer in the conversation called as ―Cooperative Principle‖. In the conversation needs cooperation between the speaker and the hearer. Because, to make a conversation successful and meaningful, the speaker have to convey the clear utterance that make the hearer understand the purpose and the meaning of each utterance. Grice (1975:45) said that make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.
There are four maxims in the cooperative principle. There are: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. If the conversation is going successful, it called as in line maxim. In line maxims is the condition where the speaker and the hearer cooperate in their conversation. And the hearer understand the speaker‘s utterance also obey the maxims that appropriate the Gricean maxim.
According to Grice as cited by Mey (1998:569) each maxims have the specific character below:
1. Maxim of Quantity a.
Make your contribution as informative as is required.
b.
Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Example:
Greg : Oh, sorry. Sorry. Sometimes these catheters can pinch a little bit. Well, thanks for listening. I really appreciate it. Patient : You've got a real gentle touch there, Doctor.
She won't be able to say no. Greg : Actually, I'm a nurse. Doctor 'll be right in.[Chattering]
In the conversation above, its deals with in line maxim of quantity, because the Patient gave the complete information about Greg‘s acting to ask his girlfriend to be marry him. He asked to the patient pretended to be his girlfriend.
2. Maxim of Quality a.
Do not say what you believe to be false.
b.
Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
Example:
Pam : It's a great gift. I just thought you were gonna get them champagne.
Greg : Trust me. I think your dad is gonna be verypsyched about this gift.
The conversation between Pam and Greg above included in line maxim of quality, because Pam give the truth information about Greg‘s gift that will be gave by him to her parent. And Greg convinced that they will love the gift.
3. Maxim of Relation a.
Be relevant.
Example: Kim : Good luck, Greg.
Greg : Thanks, Kim.
The conversation included in line maxim of relation, because when Kim said good luck for Greg‘s plan to ask his girlfriend to marry him, Greg said thank to it.
Therefore there is relation in their conversation.
4. Maxim of Manner a.
Avoid obscurity of expression.
b.
Avoid ambiguity.
c.
Be brief.
d.
Be orderly.
Example:
A Man : Uh, sir, that's not gonna fit Greg : Wait. Hang on a second.
A Man : The bag's too big, guy. You gotta check it.
Greg tried to bring his bag on the plane, but the bag too big. He needed to check it. This conversation included maxim of manner, because when a man ask to check his bag manually, Greg ask to wait and keep on making his bag fit with the machine check. Finally, the bag has to check manually.
C. Definition of Violation Maxim
According to Grice cited by Hamid and Behija (2009:06) He suggeststhat there are cases when these rules may be violated.There are four maxims in the cooperative principle. They are; maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner. The speaker and the hearer should have to apply the cooperation by giving appropriate contribution in their conversation.
Sometimes, the people unaware about their conversation which is not fulfill the rule of maxims. According to Grice cited by Hamid and Behija(2009:7) each maxims have the specific character, they are:
1. Maxim of Quantity
Violating this maxim is the hearer cannot give the required answer.
Example: