Effect of Progesterone Dose and Intravaginal Sponge Diameter on Reproductive Performance of Induced-Estrous Local Ewes in West Java Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

ISSN : 2250 - 1991

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INDEX

I

Title
Mineral composition of urinary stones- Quantitative analysis by FTIR Spectroscopy
- Mujeebu Rahiman M, Vidya Bernhardt G, Janita D'Souza R T, Muhammed Manzoor. AP, Vipin C,
Nischith D'souza

1-3

2

Struggling with pain and disability: a qualitative study of the experiences of pregnant women
living with pelvic girdle pain
-Mrs M V Smitha,Dr Molly Babu,

4-6

3

Laws of Thought

- Aloke Bhun ia

7-8

4

LEARNING DISABILITY THE NEGLEGED CLASSROOM REALITY
- Dr. Manoj Kumar Choudhary,Dr. Sandeep Kumar

9-12

5

The Effect of Gamma Radiation on Optical Properties and Hall Effect of thin ZnS Film
- Shatha S.M . Alazzawi

13-16

6

Quality of Work Life : A Review
- MR.SANTOSH L.PATIL,DR.S.Y.SWADI

17-19

7

A Study on Job Involvement With Special Reference to Marketing Professionals in Coimbatore
- R.Anitha,Dr.K.Mural idharan

20-22

8

Sangeet Sadhna/Abhyas
-Prof. Alaknanda palnitkar

23-26

9

Effect of SAQ Tra ining and Plyometric Training on Selected Motor Fitness and Physiological
Variables Among Junior Basketball Players
-RAKESH PRASAD,Dr. P. K. SUBRAMAINIAM

27-28

10

Effect of Progersterone Dose and Intravaginal Sponge Diameter on Reproductive Performance of
Induced-Estrous Local Ewes in West Java
- Soeparna Soeparna,Rangga Setiawan,Siti Darodjah,Tita Damayanti Lestari

29-31

11

Combined Effect of Yoga and Endurance Exercises on Lean Body Mass Among Players
- C.KARTHIKEYAN, Dr A. UTHIRAPATHY

32-33

12

Legal Protection of Child Labour in India: Problems and Perspective
- Dr. Anand Pawar, Rakesh Vaidya

34-35

13

A Gender-Wise Analysis on Metacognition And Learning Styles on Problem Solving Skill of B.Ed
Trainees
- T.Yogaraj, Dr. R. Selvaraju

36-37

14

Prevalence of Viral infections in pregnant females in Northern India
- Dr Neha Gupta

38-39

15

Banking Practices among Petty Shop Owners with Special Reference In Coimbatore City
- J.Thiravia Mary Gloria, Dr.P.Santhi

40-43

16

HR in Krishna Grameena Bank in Gulbarga
- Prof. HEMANTHKUMAR S. KOLHAPUR, Dr. GIRAM S. J.

44-45

17

Domestic Violence and Subjective Well Being Among The Women Professionals And House Wives
- K.Selvi, Dr.K.Muralidharan

46-48

18

Spread of Buddhism in the West
- Ravi chama Reddy. Bh

49-51

19

Comparison of Speed and Explosive Power Among Different Levels of Handball Players
-Dr. B. Chittibabu

52-53

20

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic Power and Anaerobic Power of Male
Handball Players
-Dr. B. Chittibabu

54-55

I

Title

21

An Empirical Evaluation Of Foreign Exchange Market Efficiency Of Chfjpy Currency Pair
Dr. P.Krishnaveni, Dr.S.Varadaraj, Mrs. P. Karthika

56 -58

22

Human Right Education for Developing the Personality of the Student
- DR. R.N DINESH

59 -61

23

Integrated Child Development Services (lcds): a Stepping Stone for Universal Elementary
Education
- Dr.S. S.Swain, Sri Binod Bihari Das

62 -63

Volume : 3 I Issue : 11 1 Nov 2014

ISSN - 2250-1991

Research Paper

Zoology

Effect of Progersterone Dose and Intravaginal
Sponge Diameter on Reproductive Performance
of Induced-Estrous Local Ewes in West Java

Soeparna Soeparna

Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 .
Sumedan West ·ava . Indonesia

Rangga Setiawan

Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 .
Sumedan West ·ava. Indonesia

Siti Darodjah

Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21.
Sumedan West ·ava. Indonesia

Tita Damayanti
Lestari

Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21.
Sumedan West ·ava. Indonesia

The use of estrous induction technique is able to synchronize estrous of each ewe in order to increase the reproductive
efficiency of livestock. However, the success rate of this technique is very dependent on the progesterone dose and its
absorbance in the body. Therefore, this study was aimed to figure out reproductive performance of local sheep induced
by the combination of progesterone doses and vaginal sponge diameters. 48 local ewes were used in this study and were
grouped into 12 treatment groups . The treatments consist of the combination of progesterone doses (20, 30, and 40 mg)
with vaginal sponge diameters (1 , 2, 3, and 4 em). The method used a randomized block design and the measured variables
were: estrous response , pregnancy rate , litter size, and birth weight. The result showed that the highest estrous responses
of the ewes were from the combination of sponge diameter 4 em in all variation of progesterone doses. Meanwhile,
the best pregnancy rate was found in the group of 20 and 30 mg progesterone dose in the diameter of 2 em . However,
this study did not find any difference among groups for litter size and birth weight. In conclusion, estrous induction using
progesterone is effectively to synchronize estrous phase and pregnancy period of ewes, although it does not effect on litter
size and birth we ight of lamb .

KEYWORDS

Local ewes, Estrous Synchronization, Progesterone, Sponge diameter

INTRODUCTION
Estrous induction is an effective and efficient technique to increase pregnancy rate in ewes. Through this technique, pregnancy and lambing time, even age of the lamb could be uniformed, therefore the farmer can easily plan the management
and production . Some researchers stated that pregnancy rate
after estrous induction reached 75 -80 % (Koyuncu and Altlcekic 201 0; Santos et al., 2011; Zonturlu et al. , 2011 ).

In principle, estrous induction using hormones is to manipulate estrous phase either by prolonging or shortening luteal
phase (lida et al., 2004; Wlldeus, 1999). In the present study,
progesterone was used to induce estrous by prolong ing luteal phase. Based on several studies (Robinson, 1976) reported
that the success of using progesterone for estrous induction
yielded > 90 % within 48 hours after sponge removal. However, the report also stated that the dose of progesterone
must be fit to body condition of the animal. A lower dose of
progesterone tends to an un-uniformity of estrous. Another
study also reported that level of progesterone has a positive
corre lation with estrous occurrences (Allison and Robinson ,
1970). They stated that it might be due to the effect of body
weight physiologically responses the induction .
Indonesian local sheep has body weight ranged of 25 -30 kg .
This body weight is lower if compared to sheep in subtropical
area which is has body weight around 40 - 45 kg (Simone-

tti et al ., 1999). Furthermore, a study from (Rub ianes et al.,
1999) stated that the use of progesterone dose in sub-tropical
sheep approximately 60 mg. This implies that an appropriate
dose of progesterone is an important facto r in the effectiveness of estrous induction and it is differ from animal to an imal dependent on the body condition
and their environmental cond ition . Therefore, this study was to figure out a
dose of progesterone in estrus induction wh ich is fit to a local
sheep and variation of vag inal sponge diameter was included
in this study to find out the best absorbance of hormone during the induction .
MATERY AND METHOD
In this study, 48 non-pregnant ewes were used and grouped
into three different groups of progesterone dose, i.e. 20, 30,
and 40 mg . Each group was then divided into four different
of vag inal sponge diameter groups (1,2,3, and 4 em of diameter), so the experimental design was a 3 x 4 factorial to study
the effect of the treatments on estrous response, pregnancy
rate, litter size, and birth weight. The sponge contained different progesterone doses were inserted into vagina and kept
for 14 days . After 14 days of treatment, the sponges were
removed . The method of this study used a randomized block
design and was followed by Fisher's LSD (Least Significance
Different). The measured variables were estrous response,
pregnancy rate , litter size, and birth weight. Estrous respond
was monitored every day and measured by using Draminsky's

29

I PARIPEX- INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

Volume : 3llssue: 11

1 Nov

2014

ISSN- 2250-1 991

estrous detector for sheep . Estrous occurrence also defined
based on cervical opening and this is indicator for artificial
insemination as well (Kershaw et al., 2005). Pregnant ewes
were defined using Draminsky's pregnancy detector.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Estrous Response is showed in Figure 1.

Estrous response on the progesterone doses and
vaginal sponge diamete rs

• l cm

• 4 cm

lOmg
~O

m

g

40ong

Figure 1. Estrous response on the progesterone doses and
vaginal sponge diameters
According to Figure 1. Each group showed estrous signs after the
removal of vaginal sponge. The signs is based on vulva characteristics, vaginal mucus measured by estrous detector, and cervix dilatation as an indicator for insemination according to (Kershaw et al.,
2005). The result showed that estrous begins from day- 1 to day-3
after the removal of vaginal sponge. The percentage of estrous at
day- 1 is relatively low for all groups, however, this finding is higher
than that finding of (Ciptadi, 201 0) who found no estrous animal
at day- 1 after the induction. The reason for th is result might be
due to the level of progesterone in the blood circulation is still relatively high. This condition leads to the negative feedback mechanism inhibiting Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). The further
effect of this inhibition causes retardation of follicle growth and
estrogen production, therefore the female does not show estrous
signs (Robinson and Kendrick, 1992).
Estrous response is increased at day-2 and day-3 after removal ,
in the ranged of 50-70% and 25-75%, respectively. This results
are lower compared to the result of (Zonturlu et al., 201 1) who
reported that the responses at day-2 is 81-92% . (Luther et al.,
2007) also reported that in general, estrous response using vaginal sponge is 75% . A hundred percentages of estrous response is
reported in another finding, but the estrous induction used PGF 2 ~
and 400 IU of PMSG after progesterone treatment (Ataman et
al., 2006). These findings indicate that the level of progesterone
in the blood stream has been decreased which furthermore leads
to the growth of follicle caused by the release of FSH . Along with
follicle growth, estrogen secretion increase due to the proliferation of granulose cell causing the female estrous (Hafez, 1993).
Pregnancy rate is showed in Figure 2.

Pregnancy rate on progesterone levels and
vaginal sponge diameters
100%

9096
8096

!
~

i

i

7096
6096
SO%

4096

The pregnancy rate of the ewes in all groups was recorded to
compare the effect of the treatments (Fig. 2). Fig . 2 shows
the combination of progesterone 20 mg and sponge diameter 2 em; and progesterone 30 mg and sponge diameter 3
em give 100% of pregnancy rate. These indicate that both of
progesterone levels of 20 and 30 mg are optimum doses to
stimulate hormonal mechanism in relation to estrous induction
and ovulation . Combination of sponge diameter 2 em and 3
em are idea l combination as the size is fit to the vaginal space
capacity of local sheep, therefore these sponges give best hormone absorption .
The lowest rate of pregnancy belongs to the group with dose
40 mg of progesterone . This result is slightly similar with the
previous research used 60 mg of progesterone yielded 45% of
pregnancy rate (Yadi et al., 201 1). A similar result also found
in (Awel and Eshetu, 2009) who used a high level of progesterone with a low pregnancy rate. The reason to address these
facts that the use of high level of progesterone gives side effect on the semen transportation in the female reproductive
tract (Dogan and Nur, 2006), and can caused embryonic death
(Cam and Kuran, 2004). Furthermore, (Dixon et al., 2006) reported that a low dose of progesterone generate good ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate has negative correlation with
follicle growth and progesterone dose. However, biological architecture underlying this mechanism needs to be revealed to
give a better understanding .

Litter size.
Table 1. litter size of induced-estrous local sheep
Progesterone
level (mg)

1cm

2cm

3cm

4cm

20

1,0 ± 0,0 1.7 ± 0,47 1,0 ± 0,0 1,0 ± 0,0

30

2,0 ± 0,0 1,0 ± 0,0

1.7 ± 0,9 1.3 ± 0,47

40

1,0 ± 0,0 2,0 ± 0,0

1,0 ± 0,0 1.7 ± 0,47

Overall, out of 23 estrous-induced ewes giving a birth, 15 ewes
have singletons, seven ewes have double, and one has triple.
However, litter size in th is study did not differ significantly among
all groups. This result is in accordance with those reported by
(Bitaraf et al., 2007) that estrous induction using CIDR, vaginal
sponge, and cloprostenol do not significantly effect on litter size.

Birth weight
Table 2. Birth weight of induced-estrous local sheep
Progesterone Diameter of vaginal sponge
level (mg)
2cm
3cm
1cm

4cm

20

2.8 ± 0.25 2.4 ± 0,12 3,0 ± 0,00 2.9±0,00

30

1.8 ± 0,00 2.5 ± 0,37 2.5 ± 0, 25 2.5±0.70

40

2.8 ± 0,00 2.8 ± 0,00 NA

2.2 ± 0,27

In general, birth we ight of this study ranged 1.8 to 3 kg (Ta ble 2.). The lowest of birth weight belongs to the group of progesterone 30 mg combined with vaginal sponge 1 em, and the
highest of litter weight belongs to the group of progesterone
20 mg combined with vaginal sponge 3 em, however, there
were no significant differences among all groups. This result is
in accordance with those resulted by (Anilkumar et al., 2010)
that estrous induction does not effect on birth weight of lamb.

Table 3. Birth weight based on type of birth

30%

Total

2096

n of ewes

1096
096

Birth weight (kgs)

23

Type of birth
lOmg

30 on g

40mg

Single

Figure 2. Pregnancy rate on progesterone levels and vaginal sponge diameters

30

Diameter of vaginal sponge

I PARIPEX- INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

65% (15/23) 2,6 ± 0,43
2,2 ± 0,34

Double

30% (7/23)

Triplet

4,1% (1/23) 2,17 ± 0,43

Volume : 3jlssue : 11

I Nov 2014

ISSN - 2250-1991

Lambing weight based on type of birth (single, twins, and tri plets) of estrous-induced local sheep is listed in Table 3. Twins
and triplets have lighter birth weights (2.2 ± 0.34 and 2.17 ±
0.43 kg, respectively) compared to single (2.6 ± 0.43 kg). This
finding is lower compared to the find ing by (Yilmaz and Altin,
2011) in local sheep crossed . This implies that litter size has a
negative correlation with birth weight of lamb.
CONCLUSION
1. Estrous synchronization using progesterone in vagina
sponge is able to synchronize estrous at the same time in
local ewes
2. Vagina sponge with 4 em diameter give the best estrous
response in all doses of progesterone combination
3. Progesterone doses of 20 and 30 mg give the best result in
pregnancy rate
4. Combination of progesterone dose and sponge diameter
does not affect to the litter size and birth weight of local
sheep
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The research was accomplished within the research project of
Universitas Padjadjaran financed by Directorate of Higher Education Ministry of National Education and Culture Republic of
Indonesia.

1M4!UHii
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I PARIPEX- INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH