An 1 of 5Â Â Â Â List of participants, schedule, program
ANNEXES
ANNEX 1: WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS
National Workshop
On Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR
28-29 November 2011
Vientiane, Lao PDR
Organizer: Department of Forests Lao PDR, Rights and Resources Initiatives, and the Center for
People and Forests-RECOFTC
Venue: International Cooperation and Training Center (ICTC), Vientiane, Lao PDR
In Lao PDR, Government agencies along with international organizations have been working to
advance forest policies, national tenure and rights agenda for the last three decades. There is
now a strong political will to reform forest tenure and related rights. In the last one and half
years two delegations of senior government officers have visited China to learn about forest
tenure reform in China. The recent government decision to revise forest policies, laws and
regulations pertaining to forests, land and mining in Lao PDR, and related restructuring of
government institutions are indicative of the serious intent of the government. It is in this
context the National Workshop on Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR is being organized on
28-29 November, 2011. The workshop aims to continue the process of learning about tenure
refor fro various cou tries, reflect o the experie ce of se ior Lao officers’ visit to Chi a
and determine the pathways to forest tenure reform in Laos. The workshop will be hosted by
the Department of Forests of Lao PDR, and supported by the Center for People and ForestsRECOFTC and Rights and Resources Initiatives (RRI).
This workshop is planned to be organized in Vientiane, and expected that more than 100
participants representing government agencies, national assembly, civil society groups, and
international organizations from Lao PDR will attend. In addition, some of the key resource
persons from other countries particularly from China, Nepal, Brazil and Vietnam will also attend
the workshop to share their experience in reforming forest tenure policies, laws and
regulations.
Objectives:
Key objective of the workshop is to review and reflect on existing forest tenure status, policies,
laws and regulations in Lao PDR and provide inputs for policy revision and planning process. It
will also provide an opportunity to share experience with other countries on forest tenure
policies, REDD and climate change in relation to the rights of community and indigenous
groups.
Expected outcomes
- Better understanding on need of forest policy change, tenure reform and community
rights amongst national stakeholders
- More specific inputs and recommendations for ongoing revision of forest policies, laws
and regulations
- Precise inputs for national planning of forestry sector, REDD and climate change
Day 1: 28 November 2011
Outcome: Learn about the reform process in Lao PDR
8:30
9:00
Registration
Welcome addresses
9:30
Official opening of the workshop and Address
Morning session
Outcome: Why and how other countries are
reforming forest-tenure and rights-regime
An overview on tenure transformation in Asia and
drivers behind change in tenure
Current status of community based forest
management in Lao PDR
Group Photos
Tea and coffee break
Current forest Policy and laws related to community
based forest management in Lao PDR
Sharing experience of forest tenure in Vietnam
Sharing experience of forest tenure in Nepal
Sharing experience of forest tenure in Brazil
9:45
10:05
10:30
10:50
11:10
11:30
11:50
12:10
12:30
Discussion- Q and A
Lunch
Afternoon session
Outcome: Assessing Lao PDR tenure status in context
of Asia and recommendations and inputs for
planning, policy revision, and tenure reform in Lao
Resource person/Facilitator
TBD
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
Mr. James Bampton
Dr. Ty Phommasack
Dr. Ganga Dahal
Mr. Phomma Pathoummavong
Organizer
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
Dr. Nguyen Quang Tan
Dr. Keshav Kanel
Mr. Luiz Carlos Joels
1:30
1:50
2:10
2:30
2:40
PDR
Lesso s lear ed fro Chi a’s forest te ure
experiences- sharing an outcomes of recent study
trips
Sharing experience of forest tenure in China
New challenges and opportunity related to forest
tenure, land allocation and titling in Lao PDR
Announcement of Thematic issues to be discussed in
Group Work
Group Discussion
Thematic Issues to be Discussed in Group:
review of current status of policies and laws
– identify gaps, opportunities and assistance
needs
Mr. Zhang Zhong Tian/Mrs. Li
Shuxin/Ms Xiong Hong
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
Dr. Khamla Phanvilay
Dr Silavanh Sawathvong
Dr Thavone Inthavong
Dr Ganga
Review of existing information and
knowledge system– identify existing, gaps,
opportunities and assistance needs.
Dr Khamla Phanvilay
Ms Thongsvath
Review of institutional arrangement at both
central and local levels to promote
community and private based management
of forest resource– identify gaps,
opportunities and assistance needs.
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
Dr. Nguyen Quang Tan
3:15
3:30
17:00
18:00
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
Dr. Thavone Ithavong
Review of existing external assistance related
to community and private based
management of forest resource– identify
gaps, opportunities and assistance needs.
Tea and coffee break
Continuation of the group works
Closing of Day 1
Reception Dinner
At Chowon KOREAN RESTAURANT
Mr Somsay Sisanonh
Mr James Bampton
Organizer
Day 2: 29 November 2011
Morning session
8:30
Plenary presentation of group works
Resource person/facilitator
9:30
10:00
10:15
12:00
12:30
12:40
Comments by key agencies:
1. National Assembly:
2. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
3. Faculty of Forestry of National University of Lao
4. International organization and projects
5. Local NGOs/Civil Society Organizations
6. Private sector
Tea and coffee break
Plenary discussion
Building Consensus on:
The desirability of reforming forest tenure
arrangements:
Rationale / reasons for
Challenges / reasons against
Winners and losers
Where reforms should focus:
Defining forest areas
Defining relationships between communities
and forest areas
Policy and legislative changes
Suggestions for RRI support for 2012
Closing Remarks and vote of thanks
Closing
Lunch
Dr. Khamla Phanvilay
Dr. Ganga Dahal
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
ANNEX 2: WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS
National Workshop on Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR
At the ICTC, 28 November 2011
NO
01
02
Name and Surname
Ms. Souksawath Phongphichith
Mr. Bounthong SOPHAVANDY
Position
Assistant Manager
DDG
03
04
Mr. Sixomxeune Douang Souliya
Mr. Somphachanh
VONGPHASOUVANH
Mr. Pethdavone
Mr. Mone Novansyvong
Mrs. Somsanith
BOUAMANYVONG
Ms. Khaikeo CHANTHAVISOUK
Mr. Soubanh VICHITTRA
Dr. Palikone Thalongsengchanh
Mr. Virasith PHOMSOUVANH
Mr. Somdy SIRIRATH
Mr. Sombath KHOUNPANYA
Mr. Sounantha CHOUNLAMANY
Mr. Bounpone SENGTHONG
Mrs. Lomkham
SENGCHANOUDOM
Miss. Phou NGANH
Dep. Head of Div.
D.D --FRC/NAFRI
Organization
Admin
Ministry of Trade and
Industry
Dep.of Mining
NAFRI
National Coordinator
Environment Specialist
Vice President
UNDP
ADB
LBA
Technician
Director of Division
Dep. DG LNRRIC
Officer
DDG. of the Cabinet
Director of Division
Secretary
Dep. Head of Div.
Head of FRDF
DOE/MONRE
LAO ΠChina coop
NLMA
MONRE
Ministry of Interior
MOST
MAF
PFFFBMD/DOF
DoF
Asset Management Div.
DDG of PSO
Officer
Environment
Dep. Head of Div.
PM ΠProject
Head of sec.
technician
Ministry of Culture
and Information
MAF
FIPD
STORAŒENSO
Ministry of Interior
NAFES/PAREDD
MOD
WEri
Head of Division
Administration
Lao Women’s Union
MOFA
Dep. Head of technical
division
technicain
Dep. of Meteorology
and Hydrology
DOF
Head of Administration
Interpreter
Head of Division
Technical Officer
DPT
DOF
Director
Technical taff
Head of Division
Technical staff
DG of Department of
Economic
Technical staff
PADETC
Ministry of Interior
Cabinet of education
National Assembly
National Assembly
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Mr. Sousath SAYAKOUMMANE
Mr. Bounpheng VICHITH
Ms. Bouangeunh
Mr. DouangChanh
Mr. Phousit PHOUMAVONG
Mr. Viengkeo BOUABAYON
Mr. Soutvilay
DUANGPHACHANH
Mrs. Bouathip MANIVONG
Mr. Khamphong
VONGPHACHAN
Ms. Outhone PHETLUANGSY
34
35
36
37
38
Mr. Phomma
PATHOUMMAVONG
Mr. Khamphanh BOUPHA
Mr. Soulivanh Sithphasay
Mr. Boualy Phameuang
Mr. Salongxay RASABUD
Mr. Chanthaviphone
KHEUAPKHAMVONG
Mr. Sombath
Mr. Souvanny
Mr. Sysavanth
Miss Soudsada KEOMANY
Mr. Maniso SAMOUNTY
39
Ms. Sounita SYLACHID
29
30
31
32
33
NAFES
DOA,MAF
MPT
National Assembly
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Mr. Sengchanh SOMKEN
Miss Sengaloun VILAVONG
Miss Khankham DOUANGSILA
Mr. Lamphong
Mr. Banethom THEPSOMBATH
Mr. Souvanna SINGHAVONG
Mr. Syvilay VORACHACK
47
48
49
56
57
Mr. Oloth SENGFAHEUANG
Head of Division
Mr. Savanhpheng PHOMMASANE Advisor
Dr. Bouakham THIPHAVONG
Vice President of
Committee on Economy
Planning and Finance
Mr. Pinthong
Technician
Mr. Xaysavanh LATTHACHACK
Technician
Mr. Inpone PHAUVANAY
Dep. Head of Div.
Mr. Bounmy KEOSIXANO
Dep. Head of Div.
Mr. Saysamone PHOTHISAK
Steering Committee of
DoFRM
Mr. Khamphone BOUNTHAVY
Technician
Planning -&
Cooperation Division
Mr. Sounthavong
Technician
Mr. Bounthong Xaisida
Technician
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Mr. James Bampton
Dr. Nguyeu Quang Tan
Dr. Keshav Kanel
Mr. Esa Puust jarvi
Mr. Satoshi Fujita
Mr. Bill Mathefes
Mr. Luiz Carlos Joels
Dr. Ganga R.Dahal
Mr. Kota Hiranuma
Mr. Shinichiro Sujimoto
Mr. Brieke Steenhof
Mr. Glenn Hurt
Dr. Unna Chokkaligan
Mr. Colin Moore
Mr. Seng Dao
Mr. Keokorakoth
Mrs. Pranom Boupha
Dr. Ketkeo Phovangphet
Mr. Vantha Khouanthong
Dr. Khamla Phanvilay
Program Coordinator
Country Coordinator
Resource Person
CTA
Advisor
Advisor
Resource Person
Asia Regional Failitator
Chief Advisor
Consultant
REDD Advisor
Project Manager
Manager
REDD Advisor
Head od Div
Technical
Head of Div
Head of Division
Head of Division
Vice Dean
78
79
80
81
82
Mr. Thongsoune Bounphasaisol
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
Dr. Ty Phommasack
Mr. Ladsamee Simmalayvong
Mr. Souksompong Prixa
NTC
Director General
Vice Minister
Manager
Lecturer
MAF
New Chip Xeng Group
Co., LTD.
RECOFTC
RECOFTC-Vietnam
Nepal
SUFORD
FSCAP
FLEQ-T
Brazil
RECOFTC-RRI
FSCAP
FSCAP
SNV
JVC
Forest carbon Asian
WCS
LVL
DOF/DRRC
SSO
DOP,MAF
Dep. of Custom
Faculty of ForestryNUOL
CLIPAD
DOF
MAF
Soumsonseunjai-MAF
FOF
83
Mr. Ounkham Kong Inthavong
Head of Division
Trade Union
84
Mr. Itthiphon Chanthamalinh
Head of Division
DOL
85
Mr. Ekvinay Sayaraj
Head of Division
MoNRE
86
Mr. Bounsouane Phongphichit
Dep. Head of Division
DOF
50
51
52
53
54
55
Technical staff
Technical staff
Country Representative
Project Manager
MEA Pro. Officer
Technical staff
Head of Division
National Assembly
DOAP
CIDE LAOS
CIDSE/LIWG
IUCN Lao PDR
Labour
Poverty Reduction
Fund
NAFRI
SNV
National Assembly
DWR
DoE/MEM
MAWS
MoJ
MoNRE
DOFI
87
Mr. Somxay Sisanonh
DDG
NAFES
88
Mr. Eng Kuangmanivane
Director
OJI Lao (LPFL)
89
Mr. Methkham Keobouddy
Director
LFNC
90
Mr. Vat Chaleunphon
91
Mr. Kham Deang
Head of division
DOL
92
Mr. Sivixay Salivanh
Section
DOL
93
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
ADG
LNRRICF-MONRE
94
Ms. Li SHUXIN
Resource Person-DDG
APF net - China
95
Ms. Xiong hong
SFA.CFIN-China
96
Ms. Thongsavath Boupha
Resource PersonDivision Chief
Coordinator
RECOFTC-Laos
1
Mr. Anong Son Thippa
Section
Department of Land
2
Mr. Paddy Barke
President
NCSF
3
Mr. G Oughton
Advisor
EcoLao
4
Mr. T. Brummer
Advisor
EcoLao
5
Mr. Richard
Adviser
GIZ
6
Mr. Souphasith Bounyavong
NPC
GAA
7
Mr. Agung NUQROHO
TA
Helvetas
8
Miss Sengaloun VILAVONG
Technical staff
DOAP
9
Dr. Ketkeo Phoungphet
Director of Division
DOP.MAF
DOL
ANNEX 3: DR. SILAVANH SPEECH
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ANNEX 5: WELCOME REMARKS-MR. JAMES BAMPTON
James Bampton, Program Coordinator
RECOFTC – The Center for People and Forests
Mr. Chairman, Dr. Silivanh Sawathvong
Dr. Ty Phommasack
Honorable guests
Ladies a d ge tle e ……
Firstly I’d like to reiterate Dr. Siliva h’s elco e to you all. I’ very pleased
to see so many people from such a wide variety of organisations. This
surely reflects just how important the issues around forest and land tenure
are you all.
I’d like to also specially welcome our invited resource persons from 4 other
countries – all of whom have been intimately involved in forest tenure
refor s i their o cou tries. I’ looki g for ard to heari g a out hy
and how their countries undertook reform, what form it took and what the
outcomes were for local people and forests. Having myself worked for 3 ½
years i Brazil a d 5 ½ i Nepal a d o supporti g ‘ECOFTC’s ork i
Vietnam and China I have some personal experience of the incredibly
important and beneficial reforms they will speak about. I am certain many
of the lessons learned are applicable in Lao PDR.
So, o that ote, I’d like to explai hy ‘‘I (the ‘ights a d ‘esources
Initiative) is supporting this event. But, firstly, what is RRI? Well, it is a
coalition of 14 organisations (one of which is my organisation, RECOFTC –
The Center for People and Forests). The coalition partners have a shared
belief that empowerment of rural people and asset-based development for
poverty reduction are part of a process that is dependent on a set of
enabling conditions – one of the most important and fundamental being
security of tenure to access and use natural resources. So the coalitio ’s
mission is to promote greater commitment and action towards policy,
market and legal reforms that secure rural people’s rights to o , co trol
and benefit from natural resources, especially land and forests.
We recognise that Lao PDR is blessed with a broad and rich range of natural
resources that underpin rural livelihoods and nutrition.
We recognise that important steps have already been made to categorise
forests i to productio ’, protectio ’ a d co servatio ’ forests and that
management systems for each of these are being developed and
implemented. Nevertheless, Dr. Silivanh informs me that around 25% of the
cou try’s forests actually fall outside these categories a d it is these areas
that now need closer attention to be paid for their sustainable
management.
We also recognise that Lao PDR has a long history of Participatory Land Use
Planning and that many villages have identified village forests and areas for
other land uses. Work needs to continue to now formalise land tenure
arrangements planned through these processes.
However, we also recognise that there is a growing competing interest over
land, water and forests between large-scale investors and rural, often poor,
communities relying on the same natural resources for their subsistence. In
this competition – although foreign direct investment when done properly
can lead to improved access to services, expansion of local employment
opportunities, spread of environmentally sound practices, and more
equitable participation in the development process – when done badly, the
poor and women are most at risk and many rural people are experiencing
negative effects, such as loss of agriculture, grazing and resource rich forest
lands with no compensation, contaminated rivers and streams, and very
little benefit to rural communities.
With this in mind, it is not really surprising that land issues are becoming
increasingly raised in public debate, through the media and within the
National Assembly. There are many organisations with first hand case
studies and experiences that we all need to hear about if we are to able to
meet the national goal of the 7th NSEDP to issue 1 million land titles
without creating conflict. I very much hope that this workshop will enable
so e stories fro the field’ to e shared a d that e ill agree o a
mechanism to capture and share more case studies.
RECOFTC has been at the vanguard of community forestry capacity building
in the region for nearly 25 years now. RRI is only 5 years old, but already
achieving some significant results. RRI held a regional conference in
Lombok, Indonesia this year where the Indonesian government publicly
committed to a series of actions to take forest tenure reform forward and
participants urged for similar commitments across the region. A month
later at ‘ECOFTC’s i-annual Forum for people and Forests (this year held in
Thailand) participants reiterated through a Call for Actio ’ for responsible
authorities to:
Clarify and mainstream community forestry policies within national
forest programs and development strategies
Accelerate the recognition and protection of local co
u ities’
rights to forest lands, and give access to sizeable, productive and
good quality forest. (amongst others)
So with all the above in mind, RRI’s engagement in Lao PDR through
RECOFTC has been exploring how we could help stakeholders increase their
understanding of forest tenure issues and options for reform. A multistakeholder meeting here in Vientiane in 2009 agreed that a self-selected
Lao Forest Te ure Lear i g Group’ co sisti g of e ers fro various
government age cies should visit the People’s ‘epu lic of Chi a for the
International Conference on Forest Tenure Reform in Beijing and make a
study tour in Yunnan to see the results of tenure reform in China first hand.
Two groups have now visited China and they will share later some of the
insights they have gained from these interesting experiences.
This workshop is the second component of the work, where we wish to
share some of the learning from the Lao Forest Tenure Learning Group
more widely with interested national stakeholders, learn jointly from the
experiences within Lao PDR and of some other countries and discuss
together how this learning can be applied in the current context in Lao PDR.
By tomorrow lunch time we hope to be able reach some consensus of the
desirability of reforming forest land tenure in Lao PDR and where this
should focus. This e expect to feed i to the third co po e t of ‘‘I’s
support to Lao PDR – the development of a short policy brief explaining the
consensus and rationale behind it. We also hope that we can identify some
very concrete next steps for us to work on collaboratively to take this
process forward and indeed to also guide how RRI and RECOFTC can
support the process in 2012.
I’d like to e courage those of you ith a i terest i further roade i g
your understanding of forest tenure issues to visit and utilise the resources
assembled on the RRI and RECOFTC websites – where we also expect to
make available the final products of this workshop.
I very much hope that you will all find the workshop stimulating and
fruitful, and that it will indeed contribute to taking another step towards
securi g the sustai a le a age e t of the cou try’s valua le atural
resources both for the benefit of the rural population and the nation as a
whole.
ANNEX 6: LIWG STATEMENT ON LAND TENURE
Chair Person, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,
My Name is Glenn Hunt and I am a Vice Chair of the Land Issues Working Group of the
INGO network of Lao PDR. Firstly I'd like to express my gratitude at the invitation to
this exciting conference on Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR.
Having worked for more than 7 years in community forestry in Southern Laos, I can
assure you that forest tenure is one of the most important issues presently facing forest
management in this country. Forests are an important aspect of the livelihoods of
villagers providing them with food security, nutritional sustenance, spiritual and sociocultural well-being, income, fuel, raw materials for housing tools and handicrafts, which
in turn provides rural communities with the source of quality and sustainable livelihoods.
Villagers have an obligation under the law to manage forests sustainably, but they cannot
manage forests without secure forest tenure rights.
Over the past 5-6 years Laos has seen a rapid expansion of foreign direct investment in
the agro-forestry sector. Despite many good policies and laws having been implemented
in Lao PDR, we are all aware of the many problems that the lack of monitoring and
enforcement of this investment has brought. Recently some villagers from Sekong
Province visited Vientiane Capital to seek assistance from the government due to the loss
of their forests to rubber plantations. I would like to show you an example from where I
work in Savannakhet Province of the way in which plantations investment has illegally
targeted dense forest for plantations development.
Show presentation
In summary, villagers have lived sustainably with their forests for hundreds of years and
they have expert knowledge of their forests. This knowledge, if utilised appropriately, can
form an important part of sustainable forest management. Yesterday we witnessed very
interesting examples of how forest management by rural communities has led to
improved forest management when compared with State agencies. Villagers want to be
able to manage their forests, but without the right to say no to plantations development
over their forest lands, it is impossible for them to undertake this management. The Land
Issues Working Group views forest tenure as an important policy reform which is in
urgent need. This workshop is an important first step in undertaking this reform, and the
Land Issues Working Group and the broader INGO network are willing to coordinate our
efforts to assist the Government of Laos to empower rural communities, including young
people and women, to protect, preserve and promote sustainable forest management and
we look forward to working closely with all government line ministries and the National
Assembly in undertaking this important reform. Thank you.
ANNEX 7:
Forest Tenure in Asia: Status
and Trends
Ganga Ram Dahal
Julian Atkinson
James Bampton
28 November 2011, Vientiane
1
Key Terms and Concepts
• Tenure as a bundle of rights which includes:
access, use, management, exclusion and
alienation
• Ownership refers to a particular type of tenure.
Exclusive and permanent rights
– Forest or tree ownership: state, private, and
community
– Forest land ownership: public or private
2
Categories of Forest Land Ownership
Public
Private
• Administered by the
government
• Owned by individual
and firms
• Designated for use by
communities and
indigenous groups
• Owned by communities
and indigenous groups
3
Relative Position of Forest Tenure of Asia in the
World
Slide Title
4
Statutory Forest Tenure Distribution in Asia*
Country
Public
Administer by
government
Private
Designated for use by
communities and IPs
Owned and IPS
Owned by individual and
firms
2002
2008
2010
2002
2008
2010
2002
2008
2010
2002
2008
2010
Cambodia
11.08
10.08
8.17
0.00
0.06
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.98
1.19
Indonesia
108.25
134.16
131.18
0.22
0.26
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.49
2.68
2.73
Myanmar
34.55
32.18
n/a
0.00
0.04
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
Thailand
15.04
14.57
n/a
0.00
0.25
1.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.05
n/a
Vietnam
8.60
9.74
9.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.73
3.29
3.48
0.02
0.08
0.09
Australia
114.57
109.30
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
13.63
20.85
n/a
26.68
17.24
n/a
Papua New
Guinea
0.80
0.26
n/a
0.00
0.00
0.00
25.90
25.51
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
China
73.34
72.47
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
99.44
1o8.91
n/a
0.00
0.00
0.00
Japan
10.50
10.24
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
0.00
0.29
n/a
14.60
14.44
n/a
India
53.60
49.48
n/a
11.60
17.00
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
5.20
1.07
n/a
Nepal
4.71
4.50
4.43
1.12
1.33
1.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
n/a
n/a
0.002
Relative Position of Forest Land Tenure of Some of
the Key Countries in Asia
Slide Title
Changing Nature of Tenure in other Asian Countries
• PNG: more than 98 percent of forestland is owned by community; forest
under government administration has decreased from 0.8 mha in 2002 to
0.26 mha in 2008
• Philippines: trends towards community based forest management (CBFM)
as of 00 , CBFMA covers 5.
illio hectares ( perce t of cou try’s
classified forestland) and involve more than 0.69 million households(FMB
2008), and IPRA Law 1997 providing titles over ancestral domain to IP
• Thailand: forest under government administration has decreased from
15.04 mha in 2002 to 13.42 mha in 2010; whereas area designated for use
by communities has increased from 0.25 mha in 2002 to 1.15 mha in 2010
• Lao PDR: 52 percent of total forest area is allocated for community
management under the Land and Forest Allocation Programme, but legal
certificates are not issued yet for village forestry and communities have
limited involvement and benefit from production forestry. Recent issuance
of communal titling of land in Sangthong District is a landmark in terms of
ensuring community rights over resources
7
Why Forest Tenure is Changing ?
• Greater organizational connectivity and
movement amongst forest peoples- increasing
demand for change
• Increasing incidence of violent conflict where
forest ownership is contested; in 20 years, 30
countries witnessed violent conflict in forest
areas
8
Why Forest Tenure is Changing…..
• An indicator of responsive governments in some
countries- more democratic and transparent,
greater devolution of ownership of land and
forest
• Realization that, clarity of tenure is a pre
condition for good investment
• Clear tenure enables responses to major
challenges like- climate change, commodity
demand and food security
9
Emergent and Imminent Challenges faced by Asian
Countries
• Economic: growth/poverty reduction, commodity
demand and food security
• Ecological: Climate adaptation (poor will be the worst
sufferers), emission reduction (forest will play crucial
role, land degradation (a key resource for future)
• Political: Inequity/growing number of
conflicts/corruption
• Social: Human rights violation- international
accountability; more equitable and wider ownership
vs. concentration of resource ownership
10
What Lessons can We Draw in Dealing with these
Challenges
• Food security- China: between 1978 and 1982 China
increased food production by 400 percent by reforming
agriculture tenure
• Forest based emission- Brazil reduced forest based
emissions while recognizing the IP/Community
ownership over more than 135 million hectares of
forests
• Conflict: Govt. of India promulgates Forest Rights Act
restoring tribal rights in forest afflicted by violent
Maoist insurgency across northern part of India
11
Key Messages
• Relative proportion of forestland allocated for
communities and individual remains insignificant
• Individual and HH in China and Vietnam are granted
expanded ownership rights over forests
• Transferring rights to local communities and indigenous
groups offer economic and ecological benefits
• Recognition of ancestral territory of IPs could
substantially reduced conflicts in forest
• Lack of political will and preference for protected areas
expansion are limiting the scope of forest tenure reform
• Organized community networks are strategic to
strengthen rights of forest communities
Final take on message
• Tenure Reform is not the be- all and end-all
of all problems;
• But Tenure Reform is a key pre-condition
to deal with emerging and imminent
challenges in Asia
13
Thank you very much
For more information please
access www.recoftc.org or
contact
ganga@recoftc.org
14
ANNEX 1: WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS
National Workshop
On Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR
28-29 November 2011
Vientiane, Lao PDR
Organizer: Department of Forests Lao PDR, Rights and Resources Initiatives, and the Center for
People and Forests-RECOFTC
Venue: International Cooperation and Training Center (ICTC), Vientiane, Lao PDR
In Lao PDR, Government agencies along with international organizations have been working to
advance forest policies, national tenure and rights agenda for the last three decades. There is
now a strong political will to reform forest tenure and related rights. In the last one and half
years two delegations of senior government officers have visited China to learn about forest
tenure reform in China. The recent government decision to revise forest policies, laws and
regulations pertaining to forests, land and mining in Lao PDR, and related restructuring of
government institutions are indicative of the serious intent of the government. It is in this
context the National Workshop on Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR is being organized on
28-29 November, 2011. The workshop aims to continue the process of learning about tenure
refor fro various cou tries, reflect o the experie ce of se ior Lao officers’ visit to Chi a
and determine the pathways to forest tenure reform in Laos. The workshop will be hosted by
the Department of Forests of Lao PDR, and supported by the Center for People and ForestsRECOFTC and Rights and Resources Initiatives (RRI).
This workshop is planned to be organized in Vientiane, and expected that more than 100
participants representing government agencies, national assembly, civil society groups, and
international organizations from Lao PDR will attend. In addition, some of the key resource
persons from other countries particularly from China, Nepal, Brazil and Vietnam will also attend
the workshop to share their experience in reforming forest tenure policies, laws and
regulations.
Objectives:
Key objective of the workshop is to review and reflect on existing forest tenure status, policies,
laws and regulations in Lao PDR and provide inputs for policy revision and planning process. It
will also provide an opportunity to share experience with other countries on forest tenure
policies, REDD and climate change in relation to the rights of community and indigenous
groups.
Expected outcomes
- Better understanding on need of forest policy change, tenure reform and community
rights amongst national stakeholders
- More specific inputs and recommendations for ongoing revision of forest policies, laws
and regulations
- Precise inputs for national planning of forestry sector, REDD and climate change
Day 1: 28 November 2011
Outcome: Learn about the reform process in Lao PDR
8:30
9:00
Registration
Welcome addresses
9:30
Official opening of the workshop and Address
Morning session
Outcome: Why and how other countries are
reforming forest-tenure and rights-regime
An overview on tenure transformation in Asia and
drivers behind change in tenure
Current status of community based forest
management in Lao PDR
Group Photos
Tea and coffee break
Current forest Policy and laws related to community
based forest management in Lao PDR
Sharing experience of forest tenure in Vietnam
Sharing experience of forest tenure in Nepal
Sharing experience of forest tenure in Brazil
9:45
10:05
10:30
10:50
11:10
11:30
11:50
12:10
12:30
Discussion- Q and A
Lunch
Afternoon session
Outcome: Assessing Lao PDR tenure status in context
of Asia and recommendations and inputs for
planning, policy revision, and tenure reform in Lao
Resource person/Facilitator
TBD
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
Mr. James Bampton
Dr. Ty Phommasack
Dr. Ganga Dahal
Mr. Phomma Pathoummavong
Organizer
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
Dr. Nguyen Quang Tan
Dr. Keshav Kanel
Mr. Luiz Carlos Joels
1:30
1:50
2:10
2:30
2:40
PDR
Lesso s lear ed fro Chi a’s forest te ure
experiences- sharing an outcomes of recent study
trips
Sharing experience of forest tenure in China
New challenges and opportunity related to forest
tenure, land allocation and titling in Lao PDR
Announcement of Thematic issues to be discussed in
Group Work
Group Discussion
Thematic Issues to be Discussed in Group:
review of current status of policies and laws
– identify gaps, opportunities and assistance
needs
Mr. Zhang Zhong Tian/Mrs. Li
Shuxin/Ms Xiong Hong
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
Dr. Khamla Phanvilay
Dr Silavanh Sawathvong
Dr Thavone Inthavong
Dr Ganga
Review of existing information and
knowledge system– identify existing, gaps,
opportunities and assistance needs.
Dr Khamla Phanvilay
Ms Thongsvath
Review of institutional arrangement at both
central and local levels to promote
community and private based management
of forest resource– identify gaps,
opportunities and assistance needs.
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
Dr. Nguyen Quang Tan
3:15
3:30
17:00
18:00
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
Dr. Thavone Ithavong
Review of existing external assistance related
to community and private based
management of forest resource– identify
gaps, opportunities and assistance needs.
Tea and coffee break
Continuation of the group works
Closing of Day 1
Reception Dinner
At Chowon KOREAN RESTAURANT
Mr Somsay Sisanonh
Mr James Bampton
Organizer
Day 2: 29 November 2011
Morning session
8:30
Plenary presentation of group works
Resource person/facilitator
9:30
10:00
10:15
12:00
12:30
12:40
Comments by key agencies:
1. National Assembly:
2. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
3. Faculty of Forestry of National University of Lao
4. International organization and projects
5. Local NGOs/Civil Society Organizations
6. Private sector
Tea and coffee break
Plenary discussion
Building Consensus on:
The desirability of reforming forest tenure
arrangements:
Rationale / reasons for
Challenges / reasons against
Winners and losers
Where reforms should focus:
Defining forest areas
Defining relationships between communities
and forest areas
Policy and legislative changes
Suggestions for RRI support for 2012
Closing Remarks and vote of thanks
Closing
Lunch
Dr. Khamla Phanvilay
Dr. Ganga Dahal
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
ANNEX 2: WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS
National Workshop on Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR
At the ICTC, 28 November 2011
NO
01
02
Name and Surname
Ms. Souksawath Phongphichith
Mr. Bounthong SOPHAVANDY
Position
Assistant Manager
DDG
03
04
Mr. Sixomxeune Douang Souliya
Mr. Somphachanh
VONGPHASOUVANH
Mr. Pethdavone
Mr. Mone Novansyvong
Mrs. Somsanith
BOUAMANYVONG
Ms. Khaikeo CHANTHAVISOUK
Mr. Soubanh VICHITTRA
Dr. Palikone Thalongsengchanh
Mr. Virasith PHOMSOUVANH
Mr. Somdy SIRIRATH
Mr. Sombath KHOUNPANYA
Mr. Sounantha CHOUNLAMANY
Mr. Bounpone SENGTHONG
Mrs. Lomkham
SENGCHANOUDOM
Miss. Phou NGANH
Dep. Head of Div.
D.D --FRC/NAFRI
Organization
Admin
Ministry of Trade and
Industry
Dep.of Mining
NAFRI
National Coordinator
Environment Specialist
Vice President
UNDP
ADB
LBA
Technician
Director of Division
Dep. DG LNRRIC
Officer
DDG. of the Cabinet
Director of Division
Secretary
Dep. Head of Div.
Head of FRDF
DOE/MONRE
LAO ΠChina coop
NLMA
MONRE
Ministry of Interior
MOST
MAF
PFFFBMD/DOF
DoF
Asset Management Div.
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Dep. Head of Div.
PM ΠProject
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technician
Ministry of Culture
and Information
MAF
FIPD
STORAŒENSO
Ministry of Interior
NAFES/PAREDD
MOD
WEri
Head of Division
Administration
Lao Women’s Union
MOFA
Dep. Head of technical
division
technicain
Dep. of Meteorology
and Hydrology
DOF
Head of Administration
Interpreter
Head of Division
Technical Officer
DPT
DOF
Director
Technical taff
Head of Division
Technical staff
DG of Department of
Economic
Technical staff
PADETC
Ministry of Interior
Cabinet of education
National Assembly
National Assembly
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Mr. Sousath SAYAKOUMMANE
Mr. Bounpheng VICHITH
Ms. Bouangeunh
Mr. DouangChanh
Mr. Phousit PHOUMAVONG
Mr. Viengkeo BOUABAYON
Mr. Soutvilay
DUANGPHACHANH
Mrs. Bouathip MANIVONG
Mr. Khamphong
VONGPHACHAN
Ms. Outhone PHETLUANGSY
34
35
36
37
38
Mr. Phomma
PATHOUMMAVONG
Mr. Khamphanh BOUPHA
Mr. Soulivanh Sithphasay
Mr. Boualy Phameuang
Mr. Salongxay RASABUD
Mr. Chanthaviphone
KHEUAPKHAMVONG
Mr. Sombath
Mr. Souvanny
Mr. Sysavanth
Miss Soudsada KEOMANY
Mr. Maniso SAMOUNTY
39
Ms. Sounita SYLACHID
29
30
31
32
33
NAFES
DOA,MAF
MPT
National Assembly
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Mr. Sengchanh SOMKEN
Miss Sengaloun VILAVONG
Miss Khankham DOUANGSILA
Mr. Lamphong
Mr. Banethom THEPSOMBATH
Mr. Souvanna SINGHAVONG
Mr. Syvilay VORACHACK
47
48
49
56
57
Mr. Oloth SENGFAHEUANG
Head of Division
Mr. Savanhpheng PHOMMASANE Advisor
Dr. Bouakham THIPHAVONG
Vice President of
Committee on Economy
Planning and Finance
Mr. Pinthong
Technician
Mr. Xaysavanh LATTHACHACK
Technician
Mr. Inpone PHAUVANAY
Dep. Head of Div.
Mr. Bounmy KEOSIXANO
Dep. Head of Div.
Mr. Saysamone PHOTHISAK
Steering Committee of
DoFRM
Mr. Khamphone BOUNTHAVY
Technician
Planning -&
Cooperation Division
Mr. Sounthavong
Technician
Mr. Bounthong Xaisida
Technician
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Mr. James Bampton
Dr. Nguyeu Quang Tan
Dr. Keshav Kanel
Mr. Esa Puust jarvi
Mr. Satoshi Fujita
Mr. Bill Mathefes
Mr. Luiz Carlos Joels
Dr. Ganga R.Dahal
Mr. Kota Hiranuma
Mr. Shinichiro Sujimoto
Mr. Brieke Steenhof
Mr. Glenn Hurt
Dr. Unna Chokkaligan
Mr. Colin Moore
Mr. Seng Dao
Mr. Keokorakoth
Mrs. Pranom Boupha
Dr. Ketkeo Phovangphet
Mr. Vantha Khouanthong
Dr. Khamla Phanvilay
Program Coordinator
Country Coordinator
Resource Person
CTA
Advisor
Advisor
Resource Person
Asia Regional Failitator
Chief Advisor
Consultant
REDD Advisor
Project Manager
Manager
REDD Advisor
Head od Div
Technical
Head of Div
Head of Division
Head of Division
Vice Dean
78
79
80
81
82
Mr. Thongsoune Bounphasaisol
Dr. Silavanh Sawathvong
Dr. Ty Phommasack
Mr. Ladsamee Simmalayvong
Mr. Souksompong Prixa
NTC
Director General
Vice Minister
Manager
Lecturer
MAF
New Chip Xeng Group
Co., LTD.
RECOFTC
RECOFTC-Vietnam
Nepal
SUFORD
FSCAP
FLEQ-T
Brazil
RECOFTC-RRI
FSCAP
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Forest carbon Asian
WCS
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DOF/DRRC
SSO
DOP,MAF
Dep. of Custom
Faculty of ForestryNUOL
CLIPAD
DOF
MAF
Soumsonseunjai-MAF
FOF
83
Mr. Ounkham Kong Inthavong
Head of Division
Trade Union
84
Mr. Itthiphon Chanthamalinh
Head of Division
DOL
85
Mr. Ekvinay Sayaraj
Head of Division
MoNRE
86
Mr. Bounsouane Phongphichit
Dep. Head of Division
DOF
50
51
52
53
54
55
Technical staff
Technical staff
Country Representative
Project Manager
MEA Pro. Officer
Technical staff
Head of Division
National Assembly
DOAP
CIDE LAOS
CIDSE/LIWG
IUCN Lao PDR
Labour
Poverty Reduction
Fund
NAFRI
SNV
National Assembly
DWR
DoE/MEM
MAWS
MoJ
MoNRE
DOFI
87
Mr. Somxay Sisanonh
DDG
NAFES
88
Mr. Eng Kuangmanivane
Director
OJI Lao (LPFL)
89
Mr. Methkham Keobouddy
Director
LFNC
90
Mr. Vat Chaleunphon
91
Mr. Kham Deang
Head of division
DOL
92
Mr. Sivixay Salivanh
Section
DOL
93
Mr. Chanthaviphone Inthavong
ADG
LNRRICF-MONRE
94
Ms. Li SHUXIN
Resource Person-DDG
APF net - China
95
Ms. Xiong hong
SFA.CFIN-China
96
Ms. Thongsavath Boupha
Resource PersonDivision Chief
Coordinator
RECOFTC-Laos
1
Mr. Anong Son Thippa
Section
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2
Mr. Paddy Barke
President
NCSF
3
Mr. G Oughton
Advisor
EcoLao
4
Mr. T. Brummer
Advisor
EcoLao
5
Mr. Richard
Adviser
GIZ
6
Mr. Souphasith Bounyavong
NPC
GAA
7
Mr. Agung NUQROHO
TA
Helvetas
8
Miss Sengaloun VILAVONG
Technical staff
DOAP
9
Dr. Ketkeo Phoungphet
Director of Division
DOP.MAF
DOL
ANNEX 3: DR. SILAVANH SPEECH
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ANNEX 5: WELCOME REMARKS-MR. JAMES BAMPTON
James Bampton, Program Coordinator
RECOFTC – The Center for People and Forests
Mr. Chairman, Dr. Silivanh Sawathvong
Dr. Ty Phommasack
Honorable guests
Ladies a d ge tle e ……
Firstly I’d like to reiterate Dr. Siliva h’s elco e to you all. I’ very pleased
to see so many people from such a wide variety of organisations. This
surely reflects just how important the issues around forest and land tenure
are you all.
I’d like to also specially welcome our invited resource persons from 4 other
countries – all of whom have been intimately involved in forest tenure
refor s i their o cou tries. I’ looki g for ard to heari g a out hy
and how their countries undertook reform, what form it took and what the
outcomes were for local people and forests. Having myself worked for 3 ½
years i Brazil a d 5 ½ i Nepal a d o supporti g ‘ECOFTC’s ork i
Vietnam and China I have some personal experience of the incredibly
important and beneficial reforms they will speak about. I am certain many
of the lessons learned are applicable in Lao PDR.
So, o that ote, I’d like to explai hy ‘‘I (the ‘ights a d ‘esources
Initiative) is supporting this event. But, firstly, what is RRI? Well, it is a
coalition of 14 organisations (one of which is my organisation, RECOFTC –
The Center for People and Forests). The coalition partners have a shared
belief that empowerment of rural people and asset-based development for
poverty reduction are part of a process that is dependent on a set of
enabling conditions – one of the most important and fundamental being
security of tenure to access and use natural resources. So the coalitio ’s
mission is to promote greater commitment and action towards policy,
market and legal reforms that secure rural people’s rights to o , co trol
and benefit from natural resources, especially land and forests.
We recognise that Lao PDR is blessed with a broad and rich range of natural
resources that underpin rural livelihoods and nutrition.
We recognise that important steps have already been made to categorise
forests i to productio ’, protectio ’ a d co servatio ’ forests and that
management systems for each of these are being developed and
implemented. Nevertheless, Dr. Silivanh informs me that around 25% of the
cou try’s forests actually fall outside these categories a d it is these areas
that now need closer attention to be paid for their sustainable
management.
We also recognise that Lao PDR has a long history of Participatory Land Use
Planning and that many villages have identified village forests and areas for
other land uses. Work needs to continue to now formalise land tenure
arrangements planned through these processes.
However, we also recognise that there is a growing competing interest over
land, water and forests between large-scale investors and rural, often poor,
communities relying on the same natural resources for their subsistence. In
this competition – although foreign direct investment when done properly
can lead to improved access to services, expansion of local employment
opportunities, spread of environmentally sound practices, and more
equitable participation in the development process – when done badly, the
poor and women are most at risk and many rural people are experiencing
negative effects, such as loss of agriculture, grazing and resource rich forest
lands with no compensation, contaminated rivers and streams, and very
little benefit to rural communities.
With this in mind, it is not really surprising that land issues are becoming
increasingly raised in public debate, through the media and within the
National Assembly. There are many organisations with first hand case
studies and experiences that we all need to hear about if we are to able to
meet the national goal of the 7th NSEDP to issue 1 million land titles
without creating conflict. I very much hope that this workshop will enable
so e stories fro the field’ to e shared a d that e ill agree o a
mechanism to capture and share more case studies.
RECOFTC has been at the vanguard of community forestry capacity building
in the region for nearly 25 years now. RRI is only 5 years old, but already
achieving some significant results. RRI held a regional conference in
Lombok, Indonesia this year where the Indonesian government publicly
committed to a series of actions to take forest tenure reform forward and
participants urged for similar commitments across the region. A month
later at ‘ECOFTC’s i-annual Forum for people and Forests (this year held in
Thailand) participants reiterated through a Call for Actio ’ for responsible
authorities to:
Clarify and mainstream community forestry policies within national
forest programs and development strategies
Accelerate the recognition and protection of local co
u ities’
rights to forest lands, and give access to sizeable, productive and
good quality forest. (amongst others)
So with all the above in mind, RRI’s engagement in Lao PDR through
RECOFTC has been exploring how we could help stakeholders increase their
understanding of forest tenure issues and options for reform. A multistakeholder meeting here in Vientiane in 2009 agreed that a self-selected
Lao Forest Te ure Lear i g Group’ co sisti g of e ers fro various
government age cies should visit the People’s ‘epu lic of Chi a for the
International Conference on Forest Tenure Reform in Beijing and make a
study tour in Yunnan to see the results of tenure reform in China first hand.
Two groups have now visited China and they will share later some of the
insights they have gained from these interesting experiences.
This workshop is the second component of the work, where we wish to
share some of the learning from the Lao Forest Tenure Learning Group
more widely with interested national stakeholders, learn jointly from the
experiences within Lao PDR and of some other countries and discuss
together how this learning can be applied in the current context in Lao PDR.
By tomorrow lunch time we hope to be able reach some consensus of the
desirability of reforming forest land tenure in Lao PDR and where this
should focus. This e expect to feed i to the third co po e t of ‘‘I’s
support to Lao PDR – the development of a short policy brief explaining the
consensus and rationale behind it. We also hope that we can identify some
very concrete next steps for us to work on collaboratively to take this
process forward and indeed to also guide how RRI and RECOFTC can
support the process in 2012.
I’d like to e courage those of you ith a i terest i further roade i g
your understanding of forest tenure issues to visit and utilise the resources
assembled on the RRI and RECOFTC websites – where we also expect to
make available the final products of this workshop.
I very much hope that you will all find the workshop stimulating and
fruitful, and that it will indeed contribute to taking another step towards
securi g the sustai a le a age e t of the cou try’s valua le atural
resources both for the benefit of the rural population and the nation as a
whole.
ANNEX 6: LIWG STATEMENT ON LAND TENURE
Chair Person, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,
My Name is Glenn Hunt and I am a Vice Chair of the Land Issues Working Group of the
INGO network of Lao PDR. Firstly I'd like to express my gratitude at the invitation to
this exciting conference on Forest Tenure and Policies in Lao PDR.
Having worked for more than 7 years in community forestry in Southern Laos, I can
assure you that forest tenure is one of the most important issues presently facing forest
management in this country. Forests are an important aspect of the livelihoods of
villagers providing them with food security, nutritional sustenance, spiritual and sociocultural well-being, income, fuel, raw materials for housing tools and handicrafts, which
in turn provides rural communities with the source of quality and sustainable livelihoods.
Villagers have an obligation under the law to manage forests sustainably, but they cannot
manage forests without secure forest tenure rights.
Over the past 5-6 years Laos has seen a rapid expansion of foreign direct investment in
the agro-forestry sector. Despite many good policies and laws having been implemented
in Lao PDR, we are all aware of the many problems that the lack of monitoring and
enforcement of this investment has brought. Recently some villagers from Sekong
Province visited Vientiane Capital to seek assistance from the government due to the loss
of their forests to rubber plantations. I would like to show you an example from where I
work in Savannakhet Province of the way in which plantations investment has illegally
targeted dense forest for plantations development.
Show presentation
In summary, villagers have lived sustainably with their forests for hundreds of years and
they have expert knowledge of their forests. This knowledge, if utilised appropriately, can
form an important part of sustainable forest management. Yesterday we witnessed very
interesting examples of how forest management by rural communities has led to
improved forest management when compared with State agencies. Villagers want to be
able to manage their forests, but without the right to say no to plantations development
over their forest lands, it is impossible for them to undertake this management. The Land
Issues Working Group views forest tenure as an important policy reform which is in
urgent need. This workshop is an important first step in undertaking this reform, and the
Land Issues Working Group and the broader INGO network are willing to coordinate our
efforts to assist the Government of Laos to empower rural communities, including young
people and women, to protect, preserve and promote sustainable forest management and
we look forward to working closely with all government line ministries and the National
Assembly in undertaking this important reform. Thank you.
ANNEX 7:
Forest Tenure in Asia: Status
and Trends
Ganga Ram Dahal
Julian Atkinson
James Bampton
28 November 2011, Vientiane
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Key Terms and Concepts
• Tenure as a bundle of rights which includes:
access, use, management, exclusion and
alienation
• Ownership refers to a particular type of tenure.
Exclusive and permanent rights
– Forest or tree ownership: state, private, and
community
– Forest land ownership: public or private
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Categories of Forest Land Ownership
Public
Private
• Administered by the
government
• Owned by individual
and firms
• Designated for use by
communities and
indigenous groups
• Owned by communities
and indigenous groups
3
Relative Position of Forest Tenure of Asia in the
World
Slide Title
4
Statutory Forest Tenure Distribution in Asia*
Country
Public
Administer by
government
Private
Designated for use by
communities and IPs
Owned and IPS
Owned by individual and
firms
2002
2008
2010
2002
2008
2010
2002
2008
2010
2002
2008
2010
Cambodia
11.08
10.08
8.17
0.00
0.06
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.98
1.19
Indonesia
108.25
134.16
131.18
0.22
0.26
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.49
2.68
2.73
Myanmar
34.55
32.18
n/a
0.00
0.04
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
Thailand
15.04
14.57
n/a
0.00
0.25
1.15
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.05
n/a
Vietnam
8.60
9.74
9.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.73
3.29
3.48
0.02
0.08
0.09
Australia
114.57
109.30
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
13.63
20.85
n/a
26.68
17.24
n/a
Papua New
Guinea
0.80
0.26
n/a
0.00
0.00
0.00
25.90
25.51
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
China
73.34
72.47
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
99.44
1o8.91
n/a
0.00
0.00
0.00
Japan
10.50
10.24
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
0.00
0.29
n/a
14.60
14.44
n/a
India
53.60
49.48
n/a
11.60
17.00
n/a
0.00
0.00
n/a
5.20
1.07
n/a
Nepal
4.71
4.50
4.43
1.12
1.33
1.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
n/a
n/a
0.002
Relative Position of Forest Land Tenure of Some of
the Key Countries in Asia
Slide Title
Changing Nature of Tenure in other Asian Countries
• PNG: more than 98 percent of forestland is owned by community; forest
under government administration has decreased from 0.8 mha in 2002 to
0.26 mha in 2008
• Philippines: trends towards community based forest management (CBFM)
as of 00 , CBFMA covers 5.
illio hectares ( perce t of cou try’s
classified forestland) and involve more than 0.69 million households(FMB
2008), and IPRA Law 1997 providing titles over ancestral domain to IP
• Thailand: forest under government administration has decreased from
15.04 mha in 2002 to 13.42 mha in 2010; whereas area designated for use
by communities has increased from 0.25 mha in 2002 to 1.15 mha in 2010
• Lao PDR: 52 percent of total forest area is allocated for community
management under the Land and Forest Allocation Programme, but legal
certificates are not issued yet for village forestry and communities have
limited involvement and benefit from production forestry. Recent issuance
of communal titling of land in Sangthong District is a landmark in terms of
ensuring community rights over resources
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Why Forest Tenure is Changing ?
• Greater organizational connectivity and
movement amongst forest peoples- increasing
demand for change
• Increasing incidence of violent conflict where
forest ownership is contested; in 20 years, 30
countries witnessed violent conflict in forest
areas
8
Why Forest Tenure is Changing…..
• An indicator of responsive governments in some
countries- more democratic and transparent,
greater devolution of ownership of land and
forest
• Realization that, clarity of tenure is a pre
condition for good investment
• Clear tenure enables responses to major
challenges like- climate change, commodity
demand and food security
9
Emergent and Imminent Challenges faced by Asian
Countries
• Economic: growth/poverty reduction, commodity
demand and food security
• Ecological: Climate adaptation (poor will be the worst
sufferers), emission reduction (forest will play crucial
role, land degradation (a key resource for future)
• Political: Inequity/growing number of
conflicts/corruption
• Social: Human rights violation- international
accountability; more equitable and wider ownership
vs. concentration of resource ownership
10
What Lessons can We Draw in Dealing with these
Challenges
• Food security- China: between 1978 and 1982 China
increased food production by 400 percent by reforming
agriculture tenure
• Forest based emission- Brazil reduced forest based
emissions while recognizing the IP/Community
ownership over more than 135 million hectares of
forests
• Conflict: Govt. of India promulgates Forest Rights Act
restoring tribal rights in forest afflicted by violent
Maoist insurgency across northern part of India
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Key Messages
• Relative proportion of forestland allocated for
communities and individual remains insignificant
• Individual and HH in China and Vietnam are granted
expanded ownership rights over forests
• Transferring rights to local communities and indigenous
groups offer economic and ecological benefits
• Recognition of ancestral territory of IPs could
substantially reduced conflicts in forest
• Lack of political will and preference for protected areas
expansion are limiting the scope of forest tenure reform
• Organized community networks are strategic to
strengthen rights of forest communities
Final take on message
• Tenure Reform is not the be- all and end-all
of all problems;
• But Tenure Reform is a key pre-condition
to deal with emerging and imminent
challenges in Asia
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Thank you very much
For more information please
access www.recoftc.org or
contact
ganga@recoftc.org
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