PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. Pervasive Development Disorder Reflected In Haruki Murakami’s After Dark (2004): A Psychoanalytic Approach.
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Derpartment
By
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO
A320110067
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
APPROVAL
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
TflTRAKAMI'S AF-TER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
RESEARCH PAPER
By
FAHN{I YAI{YA NI]RYANTO
A320110067
Approved by
f,''irst Consultant
Second Consultant
&*-'. a 6*
fl)r. Phil. Dewi Chandrfr\er[m- M. Ed)
IYIK.772
I\II(
948
ACCEPTANCE
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
MURAKAMI'S AFTER DARK(2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
By
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO
A320110067
Accepted by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiner:
l. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum,
M. Ed
(First Examiner)
L Titis Setyabudi,
S.S., M. Hum
(Second Examiner)
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
trThird Examiner)
Surakarta, 1 April2015
Muhammadiyah University
School of Teacher Training and Education
fr*tu
tra);1q"
eyr(.;;;\',L\
,
(l
8B199303
f
TESTIMOT{Y
Herewith, I testifu that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised
to
obtain bachelor degrees of
university, nor thepe are options or masterpiece which have been written or published
by others, except those in which the writing are referred manuscript and mentioned
in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later,
testimony, I
if it is proven
that there are some untrue statements in this
will hold fully responsible.
Surakart4 March 03, 2015
A320110067
IV
MOTTO
Hai orang-orang mukmin, jika kamu menolong (agama) Allah, niscaya Dia akan
menolongmu dan meneguhkan kedudukanmu.
(QS: Muhammad Ayat: 7)
Dan bagi tiap-tiap umat ada kiblatnya (sendiri) yang ia menghadap kepadanya.
Maka berlomba-lombalah kamu (dalam berbuat) kebaikan. Di mana saja kamu
berada pasti Allah akan mengumpulkan kamu sekalian (pada hari kiamat).
Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu. ( Q.S Al-Baqarah : 148 )
Ya Allah, tidak ada kemudahan kecuali Engkau jadikan mudah, dan apabila engkau
berkehendak Engkau menjadikan kesusahan menjadi kemudahan (HR. Ibnu Hibban).
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! Audrey Hepburn
Hidup Mulia atau Mati Syahid (the writer).
v
DEDICATION
From the deepest heart, the researcher would like to dedicate this research
paper to:
Allah SWT for the great blessing,
My beloved parents ( Bapak Azaz Marjiyanto and Ibu Ada Nurhayati)
My nice brother and sister ( Fahim and Faiq),
All my lecturers
All my teachers,
All my friends.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her research paper
entitled PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. In
conducting this research, the researcher got some helps from many people. On this
best occasion, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude and
appreciation to the following people:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of Scholl of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, Head of English Department Muhammadiyah
University,
3.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently
guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and
gave the researcher nice suggestion,
4.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum, the second consultant who has been willing to
guide, correct, and encourage her from the beginning of writing until the end of
it,
5.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum., as the academic consultant who has given the
researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,
6.
All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
7.
His best gratitude for her beloved parents (Bapak Azaz Marjiyanto and Ibu Ada
Nurhayati), thanks for ever over love, prayers, support (moral and material),
motivation, and everything during her life,
8.
His beloved brothers (Fahim And Faiq), who have given love, care, prayers,
and support. Thanks for everything,
9.
His big family, who have given care, prayers, and support. Thank you,
vii
10.
His beloved friends Musabani, Putri, Nana, Bekti, Sumardi, Randy, Ardika,
Wahyu Kuncoro, Wahyu Julian, Devi, Oktafiningrum, Dina, Wahyu Purbosari,
Yama, Panggih, Yunita, etc. thank you for your love, spirit, motivation,
suggestion, joke, and everything,
11.
His “Trio Group” Akhmad Kusaeri and Heru Iriyanto. Thank a lot for our
solidarity, spirit, assemble, togetherness, and all of you regard as my brothers
ever.
12.
His friends in First Division of English Education Students Organization :
Rizhal, Umi, Listy, Tiara, Aulia, Fito, Ayu, Neti, Finsa, etc. Thank a lot for
your help and advice as long as I studied in our beloved university,
13.
His friends in English Education Students Organization : thank a lot for many
experience and everything.
14.
Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research,
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and criticisms are welcome and acceptance. She hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 03, 2015
The researcher
Fahmi Yahya Nuryanto
A320110067
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ...................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL........................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ..................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONIAL ..................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ...................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTHER I
: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
A. Background of the Study .................................................1
B. Literature Review.............................................................6
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................7
D. Limitation of the Study ................................................... 7
E. Objectives of the Study ................................................... 8
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................ 8
G. Research Method............................................................. 9
H. Paper Organization......................................................... 11
CHAPTER II
: UNDERLYING THEORY ...................................................12
A. Notion of Psychoanalytic Theory .................................. 12
B. Structure of Personality.................................................. 13
C. Pervasive Development Disorders ................................. 17
1. Notion of Pervasive Development Disorders............17
2. The Cause of Pervasive Development Disorders ......18
D. Anxiety ............................................................................19
1. Social Anxiety ...........................................................19
E. Theoretical Application...................................................20
CHAPTER III
: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ................................................22
A. Structure Elements ..........................................................22
ix
1. Characters and Characterization ...............................22
2. Plot ............................................................................26
a. Exposition ...........................................................28
b. Complication .......................................................29
c. Climax .................................................................30
d. Resolution ...........................................................31
e. Causality..............................................................32
f. Plausibility ..........................................................32
3. Setting .......................................................................33
a. Setting of time .....................................................33
b. Setting of Place ...................................................33
4. Point of View ............................................................33
5. Style ..........................................................................34
a. Grammatical Structure ........................................34
b. Sentence Construction .........................................34
c. Diction .................................................................35
d. Figurative Language............................................36
6. Theme........................................................................38
B. Discussion .......................................................................39
CHAPTER IV
: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ......................................44
A. Eri Structure of Personality .............................................44
1. The id (the reason of Eri’s frustation) ......................45
2. The ego (Eri’s impingement stress and frustation) ...47
3. The superego (the resistance against syndrom) ........49
B. Analysis of Eri’s Pervasive Development Disorder........51
1. Pervasive Development Disorder ..............................51
2. Anxiety ......................................................................54
a. Social Anxiety .....................................................54
C. Discussion of the Findings ..............................................55
CHAPTER V
: CONCLUSION, EDUCATIONAL AND SUGGESTION ..60
A. Conclusion ......................................................................60
x
B. Educational Implication ..................................................61
C. Suggestion .......................................................................62
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................64
APPENDIX
xi
ABSTRACT
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO. A320110067. PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK
(2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. Research Paper.School of Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. March, 2015.
The major problem of this study is syndrom called pervasive development
disorder. Because of frustation of life, they suffer syndrom pervasive development
disorder as result they ignore about social interaction and socialization with the
people around them. The objective of this study is to analyze Haruki Murakami’s
After Dark based on the structural elements and analyze this novel based on the
Psychoanalytic Approach.
The Writer employs qualitative method. The writer uses two data sources:
primary and secondary. The primary data source is about the novel itself. Then, the
secondary data sources are the books about psychoanayisis, references from internet
about After Dark, and other sources, which are have relation to the anaylisis. The
method of data collection is library research and the technique of data collection is
descriptive technique.
Based on the anaylisis, the writer get some conclusions. The study shows that
the problem faced by the minor character is her own frustation and psychology
condition. It is proved by her jealeous and frustation about daily activity as a famous
person. This kind of syndrom may happen in almost teenager’s mind in the beginning
of process raising the age. The role of parents, religion, teachers, lectures and good
society however is really important for teenager development.
Keywords: Social anxiety, Pervasive Development Disorder, Frustation.
xi
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Derpartment
By
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO
A320110067
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
APPROVAL
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
TflTRAKAMI'S AF-TER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
RESEARCH PAPER
By
FAHN{I YAI{YA NI]RYANTO
A320110067
Approved by
f,''irst Consultant
Second Consultant
&*-'. a 6*
fl)r. Phil. Dewi Chandrfr\er[m- M. Ed)
IYIK.772
I\II(
948
ACCEPTANCE
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
MURAKAMI'S AFTER DARK(2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH.
By
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO
A320110067
Accepted by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiner:
l. Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum,
M. Ed
(First Examiner)
L Titis Setyabudi,
S.S., M. Hum
(Second Examiner)
Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
trThird Examiner)
Surakarta, 1 April2015
Muhammadiyah University
School of Teacher Training and Education
fr*tu
tra);1q"
eyr(.;;;\',L\
,
(l
8B199303
f
TESTIMOT{Y
Herewith, I testifu that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised
to
obtain bachelor degrees of
university, nor thepe are options or masterpiece which have been written or published
by others, except those in which the writing are referred manuscript and mentioned
in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later,
testimony, I
if it is proven
that there are some untrue statements in this
will hold fully responsible.
Surakart4 March 03, 2015
A320110067
IV
MOTTO
Hai orang-orang mukmin, jika kamu menolong (agama) Allah, niscaya Dia akan
menolongmu dan meneguhkan kedudukanmu.
(QS: Muhammad Ayat: 7)
Dan bagi tiap-tiap umat ada kiblatnya (sendiri) yang ia menghadap kepadanya.
Maka berlomba-lombalah kamu (dalam berbuat) kebaikan. Di mana saja kamu
berada pasti Allah akan mengumpulkan kamu sekalian (pada hari kiamat).
Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu. ( Q.S Al-Baqarah : 148 )
Ya Allah, tidak ada kemudahan kecuali Engkau jadikan mudah, dan apabila engkau
berkehendak Engkau menjadikan kesusahan menjadi kemudahan (HR. Ibnu Hibban).
Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! Audrey Hepburn
Hidup Mulia atau Mati Syahid (the writer).
v
DEDICATION
From the deepest heart, the researcher would like to dedicate this research
paper to:
Allah SWT for the great blessing,
My beloved parents ( Bapak Azaz Marjiyanto and Ibu Ada Nurhayati)
My nice brother and sister ( Fahim and Faiq),
All my lecturers
All my teachers,
All my friends.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Alkhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his
blessing and mercies given to the researcher, she can complete her research paper
entitled PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI
MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK (2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. In
conducting this research, the researcher got some helps from many people. On this
best occasion, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude and
appreciation to the following people:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of Scholl of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D, Head of English Department Muhammadiyah
University,
3.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M. Ed., the first consultant who has patiently
guided the researcher in arranging this work, provided time for consultant, and
gave the researcher nice suggestion,
4.
Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum, the second consultant who has been willing to
guide, correct, and encourage her from the beginning of writing until the end of
it,
5.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M. Hum., as the academic consultant who has given the
researcher guidance as long as she studied in Muhammadiyah University,
6.
All lecturers of English Department, for being good educators, guide, and
mentor,
7.
His best gratitude for her beloved parents (Bapak Azaz Marjiyanto and Ibu Ada
Nurhayati), thanks for ever over love, prayers, support (moral and material),
motivation, and everything during her life,
8.
His beloved brothers (Fahim And Faiq), who have given love, care, prayers,
and support. Thanks for everything,
9.
His big family, who have given care, prayers, and support. Thank you,
vii
10.
His beloved friends Musabani, Putri, Nana, Bekti, Sumardi, Randy, Ardika,
Wahyu Kuncoro, Wahyu Julian, Devi, Oktafiningrum, Dina, Wahyu Purbosari,
Yama, Panggih, Yunita, etc. thank you for your love, spirit, motivation,
suggestion, joke, and everything,
11.
His “Trio Group” Akhmad Kusaeri and Heru Iriyanto. Thank a lot for our
solidarity, spirit, assemble, togetherness, and all of you regard as my brothers
ever.
12.
His friends in First Division of English Education Students Organization :
Rizhal, Umi, Listy, Tiara, Aulia, Fito, Ayu, Neti, Finsa, etc. Thank a lot for
your help and advice as long as I studied in our beloved university,
13.
His friends in English Education Students Organization : thank a lot for many
experience and everything.
14.
Those who cannot be mentioned one by one toward their support to the
researcher completing this research,
The researcher considers that this research paper is far from being perfect.
Therefore, suggestion and criticisms are welcome and acceptance. She hopes that this
research paper would be valuable for readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, March 03, 2015
The researcher
Fahmi Yahya Nuryanto
A320110067
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ...................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL........................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ..................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONIAL ..................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ...................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... ix
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTHER I
: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
A. Background of the Study .................................................1
B. Literature Review.............................................................6
C. Problem Statement ...........................................................7
D. Limitation of the Study ................................................... 7
E. Objectives of the Study ................................................... 8
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................ 8
G. Research Method............................................................. 9
H. Paper Organization......................................................... 11
CHAPTER II
: UNDERLYING THEORY ...................................................12
A. Notion of Psychoanalytic Theory .................................. 12
B. Structure of Personality.................................................. 13
C. Pervasive Development Disorders ................................. 17
1. Notion of Pervasive Development Disorders............17
2. The Cause of Pervasive Development Disorders ......18
D. Anxiety ............................................................................19
1. Social Anxiety ...........................................................19
E. Theoretical Application...................................................20
CHAPTER III
: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ................................................22
A. Structure Elements ..........................................................22
ix
1. Characters and Characterization ...............................22
2. Plot ............................................................................26
a. Exposition ...........................................................28
b. Complication .......................................................29
c. Climax .................................................................30
d. Resolution ...........................................................31
e. Causality..............................................................32
f. Plausibility ..........................................................32
3. Setting .......................................................................33
a. Setting of time .....................................................33
b. Setting of Place ...................................................33
4. Point of View ............................................................33
5. Style ..........................................................................34
a. Grammatical Structure ........................................34
b. Sentence Construction .........................................34
c. Diction .................................................................35
d. Figurative Language............................................36
6. Theme........................................................................38
B. Discussion .......................................................................39
CHAPTER IV
: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS ......................................44
A. Eri Structure of Personality .............................................44
1. The id (the reason of Eri’s frustation) ......................45
2. The ego (Eri’s impingement stress and frustation) ...47
3. The superego (the resistance against syndrom) ........49
B. Analysis of Eri’s Pervasive Development Disorder........51
1. Pervasive Development Disorder ..............................51
2. Anxiety ......................................................................54
a. Social Anxiety .....................................................54
C. Discussion of the Findings ..............................................55
CHAPTER V
: CONCLUSION, EDUCATIONAL AND SUGGESTION ..60
A. Conclusion ......................................................................60
x
B. Educational Implication ..................................................61
C. Suggestion .......................................................................62
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................64
APPENDIX
xi
ABSTRACT
FAHMI YAHYA NURYANTO. A320110067. PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDER REFLECTED IN HARUKI MURAKAMI’S AFTER DARK
(2004): A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH. Research Paper.School of Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. March, 2015.
The major problem of this study is syndrom called pervasive development
disorder. Because of frustation of life, they suffer syndrom pervasive development
disorder as result they ignore about social interaction and socialization with the
people around them. The objective of this study is to analyze Haruki Murakami’s
After Dark based on the structural elements and analyze this novel based on the
Psychoanalytic Approach.
The Writer employs qualitative method. The writer uses two data sources:
primary and secondary. The primary data source is about the novel itself. Then, the
secondary data sources are the books about psychoanayisis, references from internet
about After Dark, and other sources, which are have relation to the anaylisis. The
method of data collection is library research and the technique of data collection is
descriptive technique.
Based on the anaylisis, the writer get some conclusions. The study shows that
the problem faced by the minor character is her own frustation and psychology
condition. It is proved by her jealeous and frustation about daily activity as a famous
person. This kind of syndrom may happen in almost teenager’s mind in the beginning
of process raising the age. The role of parents, religion, teachers, lectures and good
society however is really important for teenager development.
Keywords: Social anxiety, Pervasive Development Disorder, Frustation.
xi