Analysis of The Use of Non-Observance of the Gricean Maxims by Anas Urbaningrum to Reveal the Fact That He is the Victim of Politics.
ABSTRACT
Dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini, saya akan membahas tentang pelanggaran
bidal yang dilakukan oleh salah satu politikus handal Partai Demokrat, yang
bernama Anas Urbaningrum. Dalam Mata Najwa, acara bincang-bincang episode
Pesan Anas, Anas banyak melakukan pelanggaran bidal. Pelanggaran bidal
sendiri merupakan salah satu kajian dalam Pragmatik yang merupakan teori dari
Herbert Paul Grice.
Di dalam gagasannya, Grice menyatakan bahwa pelanggaran bidal terdiri
atas lima macam, yaitu: flouting the maxims, violating the maxims, infringing the
maxims, opting out of the maxims dan suspending the maxims.
Salah satu temuan yang saya dapatkan dalam tugas akhir ini ialah Anas
selalu mempraktekkan flouting the maxims khususnya flouting the maxim of
manner dan quantity. Hal ini dilakukan Anas dengan beberapa tujuan. Pertama,
Anas ingin mengungkapkan kebenaran bahwa dia adalah salah satu korban
politik. Kedua, Anas ingin mengungkapkan identitas atau jati diri Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono (SBY) yang tidak sebijaksana seperti yang orang pikirkan. Anas tidak
membicarakan maksudnya secara langsung, sehingga inti yang ingin dia
sampaikan tersembunyi. Dalam hal ini, pendengar membutuhkan pemahaman
yang cukup dalam mengenai kejadiannya untuk dapat memahami implikatur
ucapan-ucapan Anas.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................i
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
Background of the Study ................................................................................1
Statement of the Problem................................................................................4
Purpose of the Study .......................................................................................5
Method of Research ........................................................................................5
Organization of the Thesis ..............................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ......................................6
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF NON-OBSERVANCE
OF THE GRICEAN MAXIMS BY ANAS URBANINGRUM TO
REVEAL THE FACT THAT HE IS THE VICTIM OF POLITICS ....15
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION ..................................................................33
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................39
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................41
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In daily life, people always have conversation with others. Every time
people have conversation with others, they convey their thought, feelings and
desires through language. According to Sapir (1921), “Language is purely human
and non-distinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by
means of voluntarily produced symbols” (p. 7)
Sometimes, people do not say what they really mean in their
communication; as a result, there is an implied meaning. Implied meaning or
implicature happens when the speaker says “something that you can understand
from what is said, but which is not stated directly” (Wehmeier, 2005).
My topic is related to the study of Pragmatics. Pragmatics can be defined
as, “the study of the way in which language is used to express what somebody
really means in particular situations, especially when the actual words used may
appear to mean something different” (Wehmeier, 2005).
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In Pragmatics, there is a conversational maxim. It is a term introduced by
H.P. Grice, an English language philosopher. Grice proposed four maxims; the
maxim of Quantity, Quality, Relation and Manner. These four Conversational
Maxims will help us establish what that implicature might be in a conversation
(Thomas, 1995, p. 63). Although it is not hard to observe these four maxims, most
people do not always follow the conversational maxims. Sometimes they
deliberately disobey the rules for certain reasons. As a result, Grice also found
five ways of people’s failure to observe a maxim: flouting, violating, infringing,
opting out of, and suspending a maxim (Thomas, 1995, p. 64).
In my thesis, I would like to discuss the failure of observing the
conversational maxims in Mata Najwa the episode of Pesan Anas in order to
show that Anas is the victim of politics. Mata Najwa is a talk show in Metro TV
which discusses political issues, especially the politics in the Republic of
Indonesia.
This talk show is named Mata Najwa, which is taken from the name of the
presenter, Najwa Shihab. Najwa Shihab is an alumni of Faculty of Law of the
University of Indonesia. Najwa invited Anas Urbaningrum in one of her shows
because at that time, there was a big issue about corruption. This corruption case
involved many members of Democratic Party; one of them is Anas Urbaningrum.
He is still the chairman of the Democratic Party at that time; in addition, President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is a Chairman of the Trustees of the Democratic
Party. This Hambalang case makes Anas expelled from his party. Besides, there
is an issue that Anas’s involvement is not true; it is just false evidence which has
been fabricated.
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This case begins when The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)
had found strong evidence of Anas’ involvement in bribery case. It is related to
the construction of Hambalang sports center in Bogor, West Java, when Anas was
a member of the House of Representatives. Furthermore, Muhammad Nazaruddin,
who is a Former Democratic Party’s treasurer, also claimed that Anas had taken a
bribe from PT Adhi Karya in his trial. PT Adhi Karya is one of the contractors
involved in that project. (“KPK Yakin Anas Urbanigrum Korupsi”, 2014)
The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) gives Anas an indictment
which stated that Anas has received several bribes such as Toyota Harrier, Toyota
Vellfire, 116.5 billion rupiah and 5.2 million American dollars. Some of the
money went to fund his bid to chair the Democratic Party in 2010. Unfortunately,
Anas did not admit it; moreover, after he had been appointed as a suspect in
Hambalang case, he nodded toward Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) and
Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (Ibas) in Hambalang case. Therefore, it became a big
issue in Indonesian politics. (“KPK Yakin Anas Urbanigrum Korupsi”, 2014)
I decide to take Mata Najwa talk shows, the episode of Pesan Anas, as the
source of my data because this talk show is one of the prestigious talk shows. It
can be trusted; is very educational, and watched by many people in Indonesia. In
addition, the guest star is Anas Urbaningrum, who was Democratic Party
Chairman, deliberately disobeyed the maxims for his reason. I believe my data is
very interesting to be discussed because we can see how Anas chooses his words
very well in order that the hearer can get his implied meaning that he is a victim
of politics. Nevertheless, if the hearer does not know and realize about it, the
hearer will not get his implied meaning.
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My last reason why I chose these data is because I want to show that
Gricean Maxims can help us to learn and understand politics more. Most of us do
not realize that there are a lot of implied meanings in talk show especially if the
topic is about politics; as a result, we can be tricked and deceived by it.
After reading my thesis, I expect that people will realize that Gricean
maxims have important rules in a conversation. The significance of my study is to
make people, in this case the audience, realize that sometimes people hide certain
messages in their unclear utterances. Moreover, people can apply this theory not
only in talk shows but also in their daily life in order to interpret others’ implied
meaning.
(859 words)
Statement of the Problem
In my thesis, there are three problems to be analysed:
1.
What is the type of the non-observance of the Gricean maxims that Anas
does?
2. What is Anas’s implicature by failing to observe the Gricean maxims?
3. What is Anas’s intention by failing to observe the Gricean maxims?
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Purpose of the Study
In my thesis, I am going to show the following points:
1. To show the types of the non-observance of maxims that Anas does.
2. To reveal Anas’s implicature by failing to observe the Gricean maxims.
3. To find out Anas’s intention by failing to observe the Gricean maxims.
Method of Research
When I analysed this data, the first step that I did was searching for some
talk shows in YouTube. While watching Mata Najwa talk shows, especially the
episode of Pesan Anas, I found that Anas’ answers contain the failure of
observing the maxims. The second step, I analysed those utterances and
categorized them based on the theory and the type of the non-observance of the
maxim. The third step, I analysed the implicature that Anas wanted to convey to
the hearers. The last step, I wrote my thesis.
Organization of the Thesis
My thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter is the Introduction
which consists of Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of
the Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the Thesis. The second
chapter is Theoretical Framework, in which I explain the theory that I used to
analyse my data. The third chapter is the analysis of the data. The last chapter is
Conclusion. This thesis ends with Bibliography and Appendices.
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CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to draw my conclusion based on the result that
I have got from the analysis of the use of non-observance of the Gricean maxims
by Anas Urbaningrum in a talk show, Mata Najwa. I chose Mata Najwa talk show
episode of Pesan Anas as my data source because there are failures of observing
the conversational maxims in this talk show. We have seen in the previous chapter
that Anas deliberately disobeys the conversational maxims to implicitly reveal the
fact that he is a victim of politics.
Having analyzed all of these data, I conclude that Anas flouts a maxim
intentionally. We can see from the above analysis, there is one type of nonobservance of maxims which Anas fails to observe, which is flouting a maxim.
In data 1-7, Anas flouts the maxim of manner and also quantity. In my
data analysis, flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of relation, violating the
maxim, infringing a maxim, opting out of a maxim and suspending are not found.
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In my opinion, the reasons why Anas only flouts the maxim of manner and
quantity because he does not want to state his point of view about SBY and this
Hambalang case straight forwardly; as a result, Anas gives the hearer a long
winded-response. Besides, Anas also wants to build his self-defence by giving
less information in case the information will be harmful for him and giving more
information than is required every time he talks about SBY.
In my opinion, Anas does it because he wants the hearer to focus on SBY.
Anas wants to say that SBY is not like what people think and know. In the public
media, people know SBY as a good leader who is wise, cares about others,
fatherly, and also disciplined because he was an army officer. Nevertheless, we
can see from Chapter Three, Anas always tries to break this mind-set and
thoughts. He actually wants to say to the hearer that SBY is unwise, lack of care,
harsh, a dictatorial leader, and a heartless person. In this talk show, Anas says it to
the hearer one by one subtly.
As can be seen from all seven data, Anas breaks all the good mind-set and
opinions about SBY and changes it all into the opposite.
In data 1, Anas flouts the maxim of manner and quantity by not stating his
point straight forwardly and giving less information. In this data, Anas uses the
word “inner” to convey his disappointment with SBY indirectly. Anas describes
his relationship with SBY with the word “inner” intentionally because he knows
that his hearer understands what Anas means by it. At this time, Anas tells the
hearer that people always think SBY as his father, even he thought that SBY loves
him as his own son. The truth is SBY does not support nor help Anas in the
Hambalang case; instead, SBY gives a strong clue to public that the real suspect is
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Anas. By sharing his disappointment, Anas hopes the hearer to understand and get
a new picture about SBY that he is a bad and heartless leader. In data 1, Anas
breaks the opinions that said that SBY is a good leader who is wise, fatherly, and
cares about others.
In data 2 & 3, I can conclude that Anas is never proud to have SBY in his
party. Anas actually wants to say that it is true that SBY is the first man in
Indonesia and has great power in politics; however, it is useless because SBY
never helps his friends, especially Democratic Party members or maintains justice.
SBY uses his power for his own advantage. In these data, Anas also uses the
words “politics are rude and harsh although it looks gentle and polite” in order to
describe that SBY is really heartless and unwise. Due to the fact that SBY has
planned Anas’s involvement since Anas became a chairman of Democratic Party,
he believes that SBY does not like him and does not want him to become a
chairman. Anas also wants to say to the hearer that every one may think that SBY
leads this country in fatherly manner, wise and disciplined because he was an
army; however, for Anas, SBY is just a dictator, and an unwise leader and cannot
use his power wisely.
In data 4 & 5, Anas refutes that SBY loves him; on the other hand, Anas
shows the fact that after he has resigned from his position as Democratic Party
Chairman, SBY replaces him. Anas believes that SBY has fabricated Anas’
corruption case intentionally because SBY will not be the President anymore on
October, 20, 2014. From both data, Anas gives the hearer a new image of SBY
that he is lacking in care, unwise and abuses power. SBY uses his great power in
politics just to get what he wants and to fulfil his own agenda.
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In data 6 & 7, Anas emphasises what he has said before by giving more
evidence that can support all his points of view about SBY. In these data, Anas
wants to say that although he always tries to be a good politician, SBY still
punishes him because he will not follow SBY’s order. SBY is a heartless leader
and also a dictator; as a result, he punishes Anas cruelly. Thus, in these data, Anas
wants to break the images of SBY being a fatherly, compassionate, and wise
leader.
As we can see in the above analysis, Anas flouts the maxim of manner and
quantity to give the evidence that can prove that SBY is not a good leader. In
addition, it is true that SBY has fabricated Anas’ involvement in this corruption
case. Anas also flouts the maxim of manner and quantity to show that he is really
innocent. In other words, we can say that Anas flouts the maxim of manner and
quantity as a tool to ruin SBY’s image in public in a very polite and obvious way.
In my analysis, flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of relation,
violating a maxim, infringing a maxim, opting out of a maxim and suspending a
maxim are not found. There are many reasons why those non-observance of the
maxims are not found in this talk show.
First, flouting the maxim of quality is not found in Mata Najwa talk show
episode Pesan Anas because we know that Anas’ opinions are based on evidences
and he does not say what he believes to be false.
Second, flouting the maxim of relation is not found in Mata Najwa talk
show episode Pesan Anas because all Anas’ answers are related to Najwa’s
questions although superficially they look not relevant.
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Third, there is no violating a maxim in this episode of Mata Najwa talk
show because in this talk show, Anas does not have any intention to mislead nor
deceive the hearer. Although Anas chooses his words very well, he does not try to
mislead anyone. He wants his point to be known.
Fourth, there is not infringing a maxim in this episode of Mata Najwa talk
show because Anas is a well-educated person and he is a good Indonesian and
language speaker. In addition, some people say that the way Anas speaks closely
resembles SBY’s. So we can say that people believe that Anas is role-model who
has a good potency or charisma in the way Anas speaks.
Fifth, opting out of a maxim is not found in this Mata Najwa talk show
episode Pesan Anas because as we can see from data 1 – 7, Anas always answers
Najwa’s questions and there is no secret that Anas keep.
Last, suspending a maxim does not happen in Mata Najwa talk show
episode Pesan Anas because in the whole talk show, there is not another terms or
a new term that they use or there is not a convention among them. In this talk
show, they use common terms which were used by politicians and people
commonly. Anas and Najwa use or say SBY’s name blatantly, they also do not
use an initial of something or name.
In my opinion, Mata Najwa talk show, the episode of Pesan Anas is very
educational because after watching it, I got some new information related to
politics. To end my conclusion, I hope this thesis may be beneficial for everyone
who wants to make a research with the similar topic. In addition, I hope this thesis
also make the reader more aware of using the maxim in order to satirize someone
in a polite way or subtly. I also suggest to any readers who have the similar topic
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to choose a talk show which has many twist on revealing the facts that is suitable
to be analysed.
(1,428 words)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Text
Rullyasrul. (2013, May 15). Mata Najwa eps. Pesan Anas 1 and 2. [Video file].
Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PV9oOmdp0l8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeZlnh6ScKk
Printed and Online References
Anas: Sebelum Kongres, SBY Minta Saya Mundur. (2013, February 27).
VIVAnews. Retrieved from
http://politik.news.viva.co.id/news/read/393879-anas-sebelum-kongressby-minta-saya-mundur
Belum Bertemu SBY, Anas Tunggu Waktu yang Tepat. (2013, February 28).
Kompas.com. Retrieved from
http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/02/28/18170062/Belum.Bertemu.S
BY.Anas.Tunggu.Waktu.yang.Tepat
KPK Yakin Anas Urbaningrum Korupsi. (2014, June 6). Kompas.com. Retrieved
from
http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/06/06/1943092/KPK.Yakin.Anas.U
rbaningrum.Korupsi
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Sapir, E. (1921). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York:
Harcourt, Brace
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics.
Longman.
Tri Dianto: Konflik Anas-SBY dimulai sejak Musda Sulawesi Utara. (2013, April
5). Merdeka.com. Retrieved from
http://www.merdeka.com/politik/tri-dianto-konflik-anas-sby-dimulaisejak-musda-sulawesi-utara.html
Wehmeier, S. (Ed.). (2005). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford
University Press.
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
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Dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini, saya akan membahas tentang pelanggaran
bidal yang dilakukan oleh salah satu politikus handal Partai Demokrat, yang
bernama Anas Urbaningrum. Dalam Mata Najwa, acara bincang-bincang episode
Pesan Anas, Anas banyak melakukan pelanggaran bidal. Pelanggaran bidal
sendiri merupakan salah satu kajian dalam Pragmatik yang merupakan teori dari
Herbert Paul Grice.
Di dalam gagasannya, Grice menyatakan bahwa pelanggaran bidal terdiri
atas lima macam, yaitu: flouting the maxims, violating the maxims, infringing the
maxims, opting out of the maxims dan suspending the maxims.
Salah satu temuan yang saya dapatkan dalam tugas akhir ini ialah Anas
selalu mempraktekkan flouting the maxims khususnya flouting the maxim of
manner dan quantity. Hal ini dilakukan Anas dengan beberapa tujuan. Pertama,
Anas ingin mengungkapkan kebenaran bahwa dia adalah salah satu korban
politik. Kedua, Anas ingin mengungkapkan identitas atau jati diri Susilo Bambang
Yudhoyono (SBY) yang tidak sebijaksana seperti yang orang pikirkan. Anas tidak
membicarakan maksudnya secara langsung, sehingga inti yang ingin dia
sampaikan tersembunyi. Dalam hal ini, pendengar membutuhkan pemahaman
yang cukup dalam mengenai kejadiannya untuk dapat memahami implikatur
ucapan-ucapan Anas.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................i
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................1
Background of the Study ................................................................................1
Statement of the Problem................................................................................4
Purpose of the Study .......................................................................................5
Method of Research ........................................................................................5
Organization of the Thesis ..............................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ......................................6
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF NON-OBSERVANCE
OF THE GRICEAN MAXIMS BY ANAS URBANINGRUM TO
REVEAL THE FACT THAT HE IS THE VICTIM OF POLITICS ....15
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION ..................................................................33
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................39
APPENDICES ......................................................................................................41
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In daily life, people always have conversation with others. Every time
people have conversation with others, they convey their thought, feelings and
desires through language. According to Sapir (1921), “Language is purely human
and non-distinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by
means of voluntarily produced symbols” (p. 7)
Sometimes, people do not say what they really mean in their
communication; as a result, there is an implied meaning. Implied meaning or
implicature happens when the speaker says “something that you can understand
from what is said, but which is not stated directly” (Wehmeier, 2005).
My topic is related to the study of Pragmatics. Pragmatics can be defined
as, “the study of the way in which language is used to express what somebody
really means in particular situations, especially when the actual words used may
appear to mean something different” (Wehmeier, 2005).
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In Pragmatics, there is a conversational maxim. It is a term introduced by
H.P. Grice, an English language philosopher. Grice proposed four maxims; the
maxim of Quantity, Quality, Relation and Manner. These four Conversational
Maxims will help us establish what that implicature might be in a conversation
(Thomas, 1995, p. 63). Although it is not hard to observe these four maxims, most
people do not always follow the conversational maxims. Sometimes they
deliberately disobey the rules for certain reasons. As a result, Grice also found
five ways of people’s failure to observe a maxim: flouting, violating, infringing,
opting out of, and suspending a maxim (Thomas, 1995, p. 64).
In my thesis, I would like to discuss the failure of observing the
conversational maxims in Mata Najwa the episode of Pesan Anas in order to
show that Anas is the victim of politics. Mata Najwa is a talk show in Metro TV
which discusses political issues, especially the politics in the Republic of
Indonesia.
This talk show is named Mata Najwa, which is taken from the name of the
presenter, Najwa Shihab. Najwa Shihab is an alumni of Faculty of Law of the
University of Indonesia. Najwa invited Anas Urbaningrum in one of her shows
because at that time, there was a big issue about corruption. This corruption case
involved many members of Democratic Party; one of them is Anas Urbaningrum.
He is still the chairman of the Democratic Party at that time; in addition, President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is a Chairman of the Trustees of the Democratic
Party. This Hambalang case makes Anas expelled from his party. Besides, there
is an issue that Anas’s involvement is not true; it is just false evidence which has
been fabricated.
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This case begins when The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)
had found strong evidence of Anas’ involvement in bribery case. It is related to
the construction of Hambalang sports center in Bogor, West Java, when Anas was
a member of the House of Representatives. Furthermore, Muhammad Nazaruddin,
who is a Former Democratic Party’s treasurer, also claimed that Anas had taken a
bribe from PT Adhi Karya in his trial. PT Adhi Karya is one of the contractors
involved in that project. (“KPK Yakin Anas Urbanigrum Korupsi”, 2014)
The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) gives Anas an indictment
which stated that Anas has received several bribes such as Toyota Harrier, Toyota
Vellfire, 116.5 billion rupiah and 5.2 million American dollars. Some of the
money went to fund his bid to chair the Democratic Party in 2010. Unfortunately,
Anas did not admit it; moreover, after he had been appointed as a suspect in
Hambalang case, he nodded toward Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) and
Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (Ibas) in Hambalang case. Therefore, it became a big
issue in Indonesian politics. (“KPK Yakin Anas Urbanigrum Korupsi”, 2014)
I decide to take Mata Najwa talk shows, the episode of Pesan Anas, as the
source of my data because this talk show is one of the prestigious talk shows. It
can be trusted; is very educational, and watched by many people in Indonesia. In
addition, the guest star is Anas Urbaningrum, who was Democratic Party
Chairman, deliberately disobeyed the maxims for his reason. I believe my data is
very interesting to be discussed because we can see how Anas chooses his words
very well in order that the hearer can get his implied meaning that he is a victim
of politics. Nevertheless, if the hearer does not know and realize about it, the
hearer will not get his implied meaning.
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My last reason why I chose these data is because I want to show that
Gricean Maxims can help us to learn and understand politics more. Most of us do
not realize that there are a lot of implied meanings in talk show especially if the
topic is about politics; as a result, we can be tricked and deceived by it.
After reading my thesis, I expect that people will realize that Gricean
maxims have important rules in a conversation. The significance of my study is to
make people, in this case the audience, realize that sometimes people hide certain
messages in their unclear utterances. Moreover, people can apply this theory not
only in talk shows but also in their daily life in order to interpret others’ implied
meaning.
(859 words)
Statement of the Problem
In my thesis, there are three problems to be analysed:
1.
What is the type of the non-observance of the Gricean maxims that Anas
does?
2. What is Anas’s implicature by failing to observe the Gricean maxims?
3. What is Anas’s intention by failing to observe the Gricean maxims?
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Purpose of the Study
In my thesis, I am going to show the following points:
1. To show the types of the non-observance of maxims that Anas does.
2. To reveal Anas’s implicature by failing to observe the Gricean maxims.
3. To find out Anas’s intention by failing to observe the Gricean maxims.
Method of Research
When I analysed this data, the first step that I did was searching for some
talk shows in YouTube. While watching Mata Najwa talk shows, especially the
episode of Pesan Anas, I found that Anas’ answers contain the failure of
observing the maxims. The second step, I analysed those utterances and
categorized them based on the theory and the type of the non-observance of the
maxim. The third step, I analysed the implicature that Anas wanted to convey to
the hearers. The last step, I wrote my thesis.
Organization of the Thesis
My thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter is the Introduction
which consists of Background of the Study, Statement of the Problem, Purpose of
the Study, Method of Research, and Organization of the Thesis. The second
chapter is Theoretical Framework, in which I explain the theory that I used to
analyse my data. The third chapter is the analysis of the data. The last chapter is
Conclusion. This thesis ends with Bibliography and Appendices.
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CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, I would like to draw my conclusion based on the result that
I have got from the analysis of the use of non-observance of the Gricean maxims
by Anas Urbaningrum in a talk show, Mata Najwa. I chose Mata Najwa talk show
episode of Pesan Anas as my data source because there are failures of observing
the conversational maxims in this talk show. We have seen in the previous chapter
that Anas deliberately disobeys the conversational maxims to implicitly reveal the
fact that he is a victim of politics.
Having analyzed all of these data, I conclude that Anas flouts a maxim
intentionally. We can see from the above analysis, there is one type of nonobservance of maxims which Anas fails to observe, which is flouting a maxim.
In data 1-7, Anas flouts the maxim of manner and also quantity. In my
data analysis, flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of relation, violating the
maxim, infringing a maxim, opting out of a maxim and suspending are not found.
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In my opinion, the reasons why Anas only flouts the maxim of manner and
quantity because he does not want to state his point of view about SBY and this
Hambalang case straight forwardly; as a result, Anas gives the hearer a long
winded-response. Besides, Anas also wants to build his self-defence by giving
less information in case the information will be harmful for him and giving more
information than is required every time he talks about SBY.
In my opinion, Anas does it because he wants the hearer to focus on SBY.
Anas wants to say that SBY is not like what people think and know. In the public
media, people know SBY as a good leader who is wise, cares about others,
fatherly, and also disciplined because he was an army officer. Nevertheless, we
can see from Chapter Three, Anas always tries to break this mind-set and
thoughts. He actually wants to say to the hearer that SBY is unwise, lack of care,
harsh, a dictatorial leader, and a heartless person. In this talk show, Anas says it to
the hearer one by one subtly.
As can be seen from all seven data, Anas breaks all the good mind-set and
opinions about SBY and changes it all into the opposite.
In data 1, Anas flouts the maxim of manner and quantity by not stating his
point straight forwardly and giving less information. In this data, Anas uses the
word “inner” to convey his disappointment with SBY indirectly. Anas describes
his relationship with SBY with the word “inner” intentionally because he knows
that his hearer understands what Anas means by it. At this time, Anas tells the
hearer that people always think SBY as his father, even he thought that SBY loves
him as his own son. The truth is SBY does not support nor help Anas in the
Hambalang case; instead, SBY gives a strong clue to public that the real suspect is
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Anas. By sharing his disappointment, Anas hopes the hearer to understand and get
a new picture about SBY that he is a bad and heartless leader. In data 1, Anas
breaks the opinions that said that SBY is a good leader who is wise, fatherly, and
cares about others.
In data 2 & 3, I can conclude that Anas is never proud to have SBY in his
party. Anas actually wants to say that it is true that SBY is the first man in
Indonesia and has great power in politics; however, it is useless because SBY
never helps his friends, especially Democratic Party members or maintains justice.
SBY uses his power for his own advantage. In these data, Anas also uses the
words “politics are rude and harsh although it looks gentle and polite” in order to
describe that SBY is really heartless and unwise. Due to the fact that SBY has
planned Anas’s involvement since Anas became a chairman of Democratic Party,
he believes that SBY does not like him and does not want him to become a
chairman. Anas also wants to say to the hearer that every one may think that SBY
leads this country in fatherly manner, wise and disciplined because he was an
army; however, for Anas, SBY is just a dictator, and an unwise leader and cannot
use his power wisely.
In data 4 & 5, Anas refutes that SBY loves him; on the other hand, Anas
shows the fact that after he has resigned from his position as Democratic Party
Chairman, SBY replaces him. Anas believes that SBY has fabricated Anas’
corruption case intentionally because SBY will not be the President anymore on
October, 20, 2014. From both data, Anas gives the hearer a new image of SBY
that he is lacking in care, unwise and abuses power. SBY uses his great power in
politics just to get what he wants and to fulfil his own agenda.
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In data 6 & 7, Anas emphasises what he has said before by giving more
evidence that can support all his points of view about SBY. In these data, Anas
wants to say that although he always tries to be a good politician, SBY still
punishes him because he will not follow SBY’s order. SBY is a heartless leader
and also a dictator; as a result, he punishes Anas cruelly. Thus, in these data, Anas
wants to break the images of SBY being a fatherly, compassionate, and wise
leader.
As we can see in the above analysis, Anas flouts the maxim of manner and
quantity to give the evidence that can prove that SBY is not a good leader. In
addition, it is true that SBY has fabricated Anas’ involvement in this corruption
case. Anas also flouts the maxim of manner and quantity to show that he is really
innocent. In other words, we can say that Anas flouts the maxim of manner and
quantity as a tool to ruin SBY’s image in public in a very polite and obvious way.
In my analysis, flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of relation,
violating a maxim, infringing a maxim, opting out of a maxim and suspending a
maxim are not found. There are many reasons why those non-observance of the
maxims are not found in this talk show.
First, flouting the maxim of quality is not found in Mata Najwa talk show
episode Pesan Anas because we know that Anas’ opinions are based on evidences
and he does not say what he believes to be false.
Second, flouting the maxim of relation is not found in Mata Najwa talk
show episode Pesan Anas because all Anas’ answers are related to Najwa’s
questions although superficially they look not relevant.
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Third, there is no violating a maxim in this episode of Mata Najwa talk
show because in this talk show, Anas does not have any intention to mislead nor
deceive the hearer. Although Anas chooses his words very well, he does not try to
mislead anyone. He wants his point to be known.
Fourth, there is not infringing a maxim in this episode of Mata Najwa talk
show because Anas is a well-educated person and he is a good Indonesian and
language speaker. In addition, some people say that the way Anas speaks closely
resembles SBY’s. So we can say that people believe that Anas is role-model who
has a good potency or charisma in the way Anas speaks.
Fifth, opting out of a maxim is not found in this Mata Najwa talk show
episode Pesan Anas because as we can see from data 1 – 7, Anas always answers
Najwa’s questions and there is no secret that Anas keep.
Last, suspending a maxim does not happen in Mata Najwa talk show
episode Pesan Anas because in the whole talk show, there is not another terms or
a new term that they use or there is not a convention among them. In this talk
show, they use common terms which were used by politicians and people
commonly. Anas and Najwa use or say SBY’s name blatantly, they also do not
use an initial of something or name.
In my opinion, Mata Najwa talk show, the episode of Pesan Anas is very
educational because after watching it, I got some new information related to
politics. To end my conclusion, I hope this thesis may be beneficial for everyone
who wants to make a research with the similar topic. In addition, I hope this thesis
also make the reader more aware of using the maxim in order to satirize someone
in a polite way or subtly. I also suggest to any readers who have the similar topic
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to choose a talk show which has many twist on revealing the facts that is suitable
to be analysed.
(1,428 words)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Text
Rullyasrul. (2013, May 15). Mata Najwa eps. Pesan Anas 1 and 2. [Video file].
Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PV9oOmdp0l8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeZlnh6ScKk
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Anas: Sebelum Kongres, SBY Minta Saya Mundur. (2013, February 27).
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Belum Bertemu SBY, Anas Tunggu Waktu yang Tepat. (2013, February 28).
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http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/02/28/18170062/Belum.Bertemu.S
BY.Anas.Tunggu.Waktu.yang.Tepat
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from
http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/06/06/1943092/KPK.Yakin.Anas.U
rbaningrum.Korupsi
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Sapir, E. (1921). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York:
Harcourt, Brace
Thomas, J. (1995). Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics.
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Tri Dianto: Konflik Anas-SBY dimulai sejak Musda Sulawesi Utara. (2013, April
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http://www.merdeka.com/politik/tri-dianto-konflik-anas-sby-dimulaisejak-musda-sulawesi-utara.html
Wehmeier, S. (Ed.). (2005). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford
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Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
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