Globalizing Information Technology: Issues and Challenges in Contemporary Indonesias Democracy.
SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES
IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Edited by:
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
Centre for Socioglobal Studies
Padjadjaran University
Foreword by:
Dr. Arry Bainus MA
Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
Padjadjaran University
2015
SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES
IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
© 2015 Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin et.all.
First Published May, 2015
Published By
Penerbit Samudra Biru (Member of IKAPI)
Jomblangan Gg. Ontoseno Blok B No 15 Rt 12/30
Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia 55198
Telp. (0274) 9494 558
E-mail/FB: psambiru@gmail.com
ISBN: 978-602-9276-55-8
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
ii
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
CONTENTS
Contents .............................................................................................
Acknowledgement ..............................................................................
Foreword ............................................................................................
Introduction .......................................................................................
Chapter 1
Globalizing Information Technology:Issues and
Challenges in Contemporary Indonesia’s Democracy
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Ari Ganjar Herdiansah
and Wahyu Gunawan ............................................
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
iii
ix
xi
xiii
1
ASEAN Community 2015: A New Human Resources Paradigm
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Arry Bainus and Ali Maksum ........................................................................
15
Communication Strategy through Media Education: An Efort to Achieve Harmony and Sustainability in Indonesia-Malaysia Relations
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Fitaha Aini, Tofan Rakhmat Zaky and Forina Lestari ................................
27
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
iii
Chapter 4
Indonesian Culture Heritages in the 21St Century
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Tia Devianti and R. A.
Tachya Muhamad ....................................................
Chapter 5
Crafting Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal:
Role of Nepalese Political and Welfare Institutions
Bala Raju Nikku, Pradipta Kadambari, Pranita
Bhushan Udas and Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin ...........
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Urban Poverty and Housing
Chapter 8
Mohd Haizzan Yahaya and Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin..........................................................................
Human Traicking
Syarif Muhidin Abdurahman and Muhamad Fadhil
Nurdin ...................................................................
iv
77
93
101
Youth and Crime
Kumarashwaran Vadevelu, Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
and Wahyu Gunawan ..............................................
Chapter 10
53
Indonesian Broadcasting Policy: Achieving Educated and Civilized Society for Social Welfare
Fitaha Aini & Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin ..................
Chapter 9
39
Concluding Remarks ..........................................
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
107
125
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Ali Maksum, is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Policy Research and
International Studies (CenPRIS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. His
current project is about the Indonesia-Malaysia relations from defensive
realism perspective. He has written articles have been published in such
publisher as Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, Springer (ISI),
Indonesia national newspapers and conferences.
Arry Bainus, Ph.D is a senior lecturer at Department of International
Relation Padjadjaran University. He recived his doctoral degree in University
of Indonesia. He focuses his studies on issues arround national security
and defence, including political study on Indonesian Army. Now he is a
dean at Faculty of Social and Political Science Padjadjaran University
Ari Ganjar Herdiansah, Ph.D is a lecturer at Department of Sociology
Padjadjaran University. In 2014 he received his doctoral degree in political
sociology at University of Malaya, Malaysia. His main academic concerns
are political sociology of Islamic society, political communication, and the
politics of community.
Bala Raju Nikku, MSW, Ph.D is a Visiting Sr. Lecturer, Social Work
ProgramSchool of Social SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia (USM)&
Member at Large, International Association of Schools of Social Work
(IASSW) Founding Director, Nepal School of Social Work.
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
v
Fitaha Aini, MA, is a communication lecturer in Indonesia. She has
published book and journals in the ield of communication and media. In
2013, she published her irst book entitled Kebebasan Akhbar MalaysiaIndonesia. She completed her study in Science University of Malaysia
(Persuasive Communication) in 2008 and University of Malaya (Media
Studies) in 2011. Her previous research was evaluation of communication
programs (2009-2014) and formulation of communication policy
(2015-2019) in Indonesia under the Ministry of National Development
Planning.
Forina Lestari, M.Sc. obtained B.Sc.Eng. (ITB, 2006), MSc in Housing,
School of Housing, Building and Planning, University of Science Malaysia
(USM, 2008).Lecturer at Indonesian Institute of Technology (ITI). She
has published a book: Alam Takambang Jadi Guru: Merajut Kearifan Lokal
dalam Penanggulangan Bencana di Sumatera. Consultant and expertise at
Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development
Planning Agency (Bappenas) and Directorate General of Spatial Planning,
Ministry of Public Works(2013), Directorate General of Regional
Development Assistance, Ministry of Home Afairs and Expert, Deputy of
the Area Development, Ministry of Public Housing (2012), Expert Staf,
Commission V (Infrastructure), he Indonesian House of Representatives
(DPR, 2011).Junior Expert, Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs,
Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas, 2010).
Kumarashwaran VadeveluMSW is a Ph.D scholar at the Social Work
Programme, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. His
current Ph.D studies regarding social support system among youth who
identiied as transgender women dealing with HIV/AIDS issues. Currently,
he’s working as an outreach worker with AIDS Action and Research Group
(AARG), Universiti Sains Malaysia under the programme of Needle and
Syringe Exchange Program (NSEP) which is dealing with the drug user
community.
Mohd. Haizzan Yahaya MSW is Ph.D scholars from University Sains
Malaysia. He is currently researching on Urban Poor Housing and being
supervised by Dr. Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin and associate professor Dr.
Azlinda Azman.
vi
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, MA and Ph.D. from University of Malaya.
He is a leturer at Departement of Social Welfare (1982-2011) and
Departement of Sociology (2011-present), Head Departement of Sociology
in Faculty Social and Political Science, Padjadjaran University (2014present). Visiting Associate Professor at University of Malaya (2008) and
Visiting Associate Professor at Univerisiti Sains Malaysia (2012- present).
Syarif Muhidin, Prof. Dr., obtained his Ph.D. from University
of Pedjadjaran (UNPAD) Bandung (1997), Master of Science from
University of Wales (1979), Diploma in Social Policy & Administration
from University College of Swansea (1977). Currently, he is Visiting Senior
Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), prior as Visiting Lecturer at
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 2010-2012, and formerly as the Head
of Research Institute of University of Langlangbuana (UNLA), last he is a
Honorable Member (Dewan Kehormat) of the Institute for Social Work
Sertiication of Indonesia (2012-up to the present).
Tahcya Muhamad, R. A. Drs. MSi is a senior lecturer at Department
of Sociology Padjadjaran University.He is expert in sociology of family and
rural community.
Tia Devianty, S.IP., MPA, is a PhD candidates at Universitas
Padjadjaran, and a master’s degree graduate from Public Policy, Faculty
of Public Policy and Management, Flinders University, Australia. Now,
a lecturer at Ahmad Yani University, Bandung - from september 1996 –
present Teaching, Researching, and Public Servicing.Current Researches are
mainly about Capacity Building For Decentralization (2008-now).
Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, S.Ip MA is a researcher at the Department of
International and Strategic Studies, Universiti Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
He is activist in Art Movement in Malaysia.
Wahyu Gunawan is aPhD candidate at Padjadjaran University and a
senior lecturer at Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University. He is
eager in engaging on community development particularly in rural areas.
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
vii
Has background in rural government studies and sociology, he now expert
in sociology of government in rural community.
viii
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah. hanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willing giving
me the opportunity to complete this book entitled Sociology and Policy
Practices in Contemporary Issues. he publication of this book would
not have been possible without the guidance and knowlwdge wich I
have acquired from my honourable professors; Professor A.D Saefullah University of Padjadjaran and Professor Abd. Hadi Zakaria - University of
Malaya. I would also like to dedicate this book to my beloved wife, Tuty
Tohri and our lovely children Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, Forina Lestari, Fitaha
Aini and Tamal Arief Ihsan - their support in my life.
he publication of this book would not be possible without the assistance
and cooperation that we have received over the years from the many
individuals and organization in various parts of the world. In particular, we
wish to thank our team, all authors - Department of Sociology Padjadjaran
University and Universiti Sains Malaysia. Specially thanks especially to Ali
Maksum for his excellent assistance during the editorial process of this
book. Dr. Arry Bainus the Dean of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,
Padjadjaran University.All of my Masters-PhD students and colleagues at
Padjadjaran University as well as USM whom I would like to thanked for
providing continuous support towards my success.
Wassalam.
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
ix
x
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
FOREWORD
Dr. Arry Bainus, MA
Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
Padjadjaran University
I would like to express my sincere wishes to Muhamad Fadhil
Nurdin, PhD as Head Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences Padjadjaran University for his great dedication and
success in completing this book titled “Sociology and Policy Practices
in Contemporary Issues”. his is a very interesting and important book
which I personally feel able to impart more knowledge to the many
academics, not only from sociology and political ields, but also from other
ields as well. he various issues addressed in this book are in fact very
much current issues that is happening around the globe, which need to be
understand and scrutinize for better intervention.
I am really honoured to be given the opportunity to give a foreword
to this special book. It is hoped that this book able to generate more
discussions and awareness on quest for searching for the more relevant
solutions to all social, political and economic issues occurring around us
today.
I would like to congratulate all chapter contributors for sharing their
ideas and knowledge, which I am sure able to set platform for more writers
to venture into the highlighted issues. I sincerely hope that more of this
book kind will be published in the near future.
hank you.
Wassalam.
Bandung, 2015
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
xi
xii
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
INTRODUCTION
In the Name of God, the Most Gracioeus, the Most Merciful
his book provides a thematic issues and challenges in the new era,
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues. he main
objective is to present an integrated analysis of how the discipline of
sociology can contribute to our wider understanding of the variety of
social and political issues, practices and insttitutions approachs, policies
and philosophy wich exist in our society and countries. his explanatory
chapters expected to examine and understand as well as ofer choices for
human beings in the dinamics world to build a human harmony.
his book depart from the point of view that sociology is as applied
social and political sciences can contribute to the development of human
life through many perspectives; political and international strategy,
culture, history, communi-cation, poverty and social probles. he various
theme have been selected are discussed from social fenomena to policy
directions.
In the irst chapter, focus on the Information Technology (IT)
developments that more increasingly integrated in almost every social aspect
have shaped Indonesia’s contemporary democracy. Chapter two, ASEAN
Community 2015 and discusses the dilemma of Indonesian workers
especially those who categorized as illegal in Malaysia. Both countries have
recognized their positive contribution whether for Malaysia or Indonesia.
It was undeniable that all sectors in Malaysia especially construction and
plantation were using Indonesian workers services. At the same time,
Indonesia also indirectly obtained advantages through the remittance
which totally contribute to the national economic development. However,
what happened in Malaysia is illegal workers were arrested and treat as a
criminal. It should be stopped and substituted by the constructive policies
which could give beneits to the both countries. Indonesia and Malaysia
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
xiii
and the countries in ASEAN should build strong partnership in all sectors
especially migrant workers which seen obtain small attention. Facing the
ASEAN Community 2015 both countries should prepare as maximize as
possible by empowering all aspects including migrant workers. By take
positive action towards migrant workers both countries indirectly has
contribute to the development of “Ummah.”
In the thrird chapter discusses communication strategy through media
education: an efort to achieve harmony and sustainability in IndonesiaMalaysia relations - concludes a guidance should be provided to the public
so that they can be more critical and wise in dealing with any negative
news. A critical community is a community who is able to diferentiate the
written and hidden message of writing. A wise community is the one who is
not provoked by provocative and negative news. Indonesian and Malaysian
should be aware that each of them has had a signiicant contribution one
to another. A good example can be seen through the assistant of Malaysian
people in the disaster recovery process in Indonesia and the existence
of Indonesia migrant workers in the Malaysia’s economic development.
However, Indonesia-Malaysia rela-tions is always changing and tend
to lead to conlict situations. he role of media and media educationis
importantas a communication strategy to implement the problem solving
modelin understanding the global situation and the public policies who
are based theory of cultural conlict and acculturation. Chapter fourth,
the author emphasized Indonesian Culture Heritages in the 21St Century.
his section concludes that hird World back to dig the philosophical values
that are in each country. For instance, the basic values of the Indonesian nation is
relected in the ive principles of Pancasila namely the divinity in God Almighty,
humanity, unity and nationality, deliberation and social justice for all people.
he problem is how to translate basic values into the concept of development
and preserve cultural heritage. Apparently, the third world thinkers have to work
harder to formulate a philosophical values - ideological cultural heritage as part of
the great nations of the world.herefore, the cultural heritages is an essential
economic asset in facing the escalation of human development.
In the chapter ifth takes up the theme of crafting federal democratic
Republic of Nepal: role of Nepalese political and welfare institutions.
Nepal is one of the least developed, post conlict recovery countries going
through a series of transitions and eforts of nation building. his chapter
concludes that the citizen mobilisation that took place over a period of time
due to the experiments with democracy building in Nepal in the past sixty
years should be sustained, to further ensure the vibrancy and consolidation
xiv
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
of democracy, resulting in crafting a uniied republic out of a multi ethnic
Nepal. Chapter six explores the broadcast media industry and the role model
or best practice in the broadcast media industry. his concept is suitable
due to it contains freedom which is up-to-date without abandoning the
values of religion, culture and national spirit. Overall, Indonesia requires
an (endogenous) big push to strengthen and institutionalize the use of
research product for design and implementation of public policies. his
will be a crucial factor in determining the success of the welfare policies
that the government is currently designing.
In the chapter seven related with poverty phenomena. However,
these historical problems did not result in serious poverty under the well
planned economic system. he number of poor people inherited from
the previous period was also relatively small. In addition, the struggle of
urban poor communities in Malaysia for housing and land rights is closely
related to the development and history of the country. After the British
colonial period, Malaysia’s priority was to develop its economy by focusing
on the manufacturing and export industry in urban areas. his resulted
when people from rural areas migrating from village to the city, in search
of opportunities and to ill the workforce demand. Most of the urban
migrants would build their own house near the manufacturing factories,
because the surrounding lands were unoccupied and unused. With hard
work and their own resources they would clean the area (wilderness) and
build houses; this would encourage the development in the area and hence
they are known as urban pioneers.
In chapter eigth focus on human traicking, issues and Challenges.
Human trafcking has become global issue and problem. he researchers
concluded that the relevant region is suspect as illegal and such region
is indicated as human traicking (if the elements of coercion and sexual
exploitation are met). he challenges of the government has the right and
responsibility to provide all the protections to its citizen inside as well as
outside the country. here is still optimistic that emphasizing spiritual values
in the public administration and services will enhance the performance
of the government. Finally, the latest chapter nine concern onyouth and
crime as social problem. However, the Malaysia’s social policies makers
can make this recommendation as a guide in outlining or implement a
rehabilitation program for youths involved in crime. At the same time
and hopefully this research will also beneit the school management and
Penang Welfare Department in using this research to improve existing
rehabilitation programs in these institutions. In addition, through this
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
xv
research, it is expected that the people of Malaysia be aware especially in
spending the time with their children or less able to prevent their children’s
involvement in crime. Finally, researchers expect this research can provide
as important reference material for dealing with negative behavior such as
criminal involvement among adolescents in Malaysia.
his book examines the social and political fenomena in the broader
“Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues” perspective. It
is compiled from travelers and knowledge experiences in international
seminars, talks and forum of researchers, supervisions and other discussion
with my professors and colleagues, PhD and Master students. hat
experiences, together with their personal values and interests extremely
inluence to all authors in this book. Personally, I hope that those who
engage and read this book will obtain fruitful knowledge. All errors are the
author’s responsibility.
Wassalam.
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
xvi
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
Chapter
1
Globalizing Information Technology:
Issues and Challenges in Contemporary Indonesia’s
Democracy
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Ari Ganjar Herdiansah and Wahyu Gunawan
READERS GUIDE
his chapter focus on the Information
Technology (IT) developments that more
increasingly integrated in almost every
social aspect have shaped Indonesia’s
contemporary democracy. his paper
examines the role and inluence of IT,
especially the Internet and social media,
to the practices of people’s recent political
life. he issues addressed in this paper
are several events that depict the relation
of IT and political competition around
2014 presidential election. his study
reveals that IT usage has facilitated the
raising of people awareness on political
or public issues, so they can put pressures
on the government policies or strengthen
particular political views. However, the IT
Globalizing Information Technology
1
IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Edited by:
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
Centre for Socioglobal Studies
Padjadjaran University
Foreword by:
Dr. Arry Bainus MA
Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
Padjadjaran University
2015
SOCIOLOGY AND POLICY PRACTICES
IN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
© 2015 Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin et.all.
First Published May, 2015
Published By
Penerbit Samudra Biru (Member of IKAPI)
Jomblangan Gg. Ontoseno Blok B No 15 Rt 12/30
Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta Indonesia 55198
Telp. (0274) 9494 558
E-mail/FB: psambiru@gmail.com
ISBN: 978-602-9276-55-8
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
ii
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
CONTENTS
Contents .............................................................................................
Acknowledgement ..............................................................................
Foreword ............................................................................................
Introduction .......................................................................................
Chapter 1
Globalizing Information Technology:Issues and
Challenges in Contemporary Indonesia’s Democracy
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Ari Ganjar Herdiansah
and Wahyu Gunawan ............................................
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
iii
ix
xi
xiii
1
ASEAN Community 2015: A New Human Resources Paradigm
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Arry Bainus and Ali Maksum ........................................................................
15
Communication Strategy through Media Education: An Efort to Achieve Harmony and Sustainability in Indonesia-Malaysia Relations
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Fitaha Aini, Tofan Rakhmat Zaky and Forina Lestari ................................
27
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
iii
Chapter 4
Indonesian Culture Heritages in the 21St Century
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Tia Devianti and R. A.
Tachya Muhamad ....................................................
Chapter 5
Crafting Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal:
Role of Nepalese Political and Welfare Institutions
Bala Raju Nikku, Pradipta Kadambari, Pranita
Bhushan Udas and Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin ...........
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Urban Poverty and Housing
Chapter 8
Mohd Haizzan Yahaya and Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin..........................................................................
Human Traicking
Syarif Muhidin Abdurahman and Muhamad Fadhil
Nurdin ...................................................................
iv
77
93
101
Youth and Crime
Kumarashwaran Vadevelu, Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
and Wahyu Gunawan ..............................................
Chapter 10
53
Indonesian Broadcasting Policy: Achieving Educated and Civilized Society for Social Welfare
Fitaha Aini & Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin ..................
Chapter 9
39
Concluding Remarks ..........................................
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
107
125
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Ali Maksum, is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Policy Research and
International Studies (CenPRIS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. His
current project is about the Indonesia-Malaysia relations from defensive
realism perspective. He has written articles have been published in such
publisher as Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, Springer (ISI),
Indonesia national newspapers and conferences.
Arry Bainus, Ph.D is a senior lecturer at Department of International
Relation Padjadjaran University. He recived his doctoral degree in University
of Indonesia. He focuses his studies on issues arround national security
and defence, including political study on Indonesian Army. Now he is a
dean at Faculty of Social and Political Science Padjadjaran University
Ari Ganjar Herdiansah, Ph.D is a lecturer at Department of Sociology
Padjadjaran University. In 2014 he received his doctoral degree in political
sociology at University of Malaya, Malaysia. His main academic concerns
are political sociology of Islamic society, political communication, and the
politics of community.
Bala Raju Nikku, MSW, Ph.D is a Visiting Sr. Lecturer, Social Work
ProgramSchool of Social SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia (USM)&
Member at Large, International Association of Schools of Social Work
(IASSW) Founding Director, Nepal School of Social Work.
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
v
Fitaha Aini, MA, is a communication lecturer in Indonesia. She has
published book and journals in the ield of communication and media. In
2013, she published her irst book entitled Kebebasan Akhbar MalaysiaIndonesia. She completed her study in Science University of Malaysia
(Persuasive Communication) in 2008 and University of Malaya (Media
Studies) in 2011. Her previous research was evaluation of communication
programs (2009-2014) and formulation of communication policy
(2015-2019) in Indonesia under the Ministry of National Development
Planning.
Forina Lestari, M.Sc. obtained B.Sc.Eng. (ITB, 2006), MSc in Housing,
School of Housing, Building and Planning, University of Science Malaysia
(USM, 2008).Lecturer at Indonesian Institute of Technology (ITI). She
has published a book: Alam Takambang Jadi Guru: Merajut Kearifan Lokal
dalam Penanggulangan Bencana di Sumatera. Consultant and expertise at
Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs, Indonesia National Development
Planning Agency (Bappenas) and Directorate General of Spatial Planning,
Ministry of Public Works(2013), Directorate General of Regional
Development Assistance, Ministry of Home Afairs and Expert, Deputy of
the Area Development, Ministry of Public Housing (2012), Expert Staf,
Commission V (Infrastructure), he Indonesian House of Representatives
(DPR, 2011).Junior Expert, Directorate of Rural and Urban Afairs,
Indonesia National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas, 2010).
Kumarashwaran VadeveluMSW is a Ph.D scholar at the Social Work
Programme, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. His
current Ph.D studies regarding social support system among youth who
identiied as transgender women dealing with HIV/AIDS issues. Currently,
he’s working as an outreach worker with AIDS Action and Research Group
(AARG), Universiti Sains Malaysia under the programme of Needle and
Syringe Exchange Program (NSEP) which is dealing with the drug user
community.
Mohd. Haizzan Yahaya MSW is Ph.D scholars from University Sains
Malaysia. He is currently researching on Urban Poor Housing and being
supervised by Dr. Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin and associate professor Dr.
Azlinda Azman.
vi
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, MA and Ph.D. from University of Malaya.
He is a leturer at Departement of Social Welfare (1982-2011) and
Departement of Sociology (2011-present), Head Departement of Sociology
in Faculty Social and Political Science, Padjadjaran University (2014present). Visiting Associate Professor at University of Malaya (2008) and
Visiting Associate Professor at Univerisiti Sains Malaysia (2012- present).
Syarif Muhidin, Prof. Dr., obtained his Ph.D. from University
of Pedjadjaran (UNPAD) Bandung (1997), Master of Science from
University of Wales (1979), Diploma in Social Policy & Administration
from University College of Swansea (1977). Currently, he is Visiting Senior
Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), prior as Visiting Lecturer at
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 2010-2012, and formerly as the Head
of Research Institute of University of Langlangbuana (UNLA), last he is a
Honorable Member (Dewan Kehormat) of the Institute for Social Work
Sertiication of Indonesia (2012-up to the present).
Tahcya Muhamad, R. A. Drs. MSi is a senior lecturer at Department
of Sociology Padjadjaran University.He is expert in sociology of family and
rural community.
Tia Devianty, S.IP., MPA, is a PhD candidates at Universitas
Padjadjaran, and a master’s degree graduate from Public Policy, Faculty
of Public Policy and Management, Flinders University, Australia. Now,
a lecturer at Ahmad Yani University, Bandung - from september 1996 –
present Teaching, Researching, and Public Servicing.Current Researches are
mainly about Capacity Building For Decentralization (2008-now).
Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, S.Ip MA is a researcher at the Department of
International and Strategic Studies, Universiti Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
He is activist in Art Movement in Malaysia.
Wahyu Gunawan is aPhD candidate at Padjadjaran University and a
senior lecturer at Department of Sociology Padjadjaran University. He is
eager in engaging on community development particularly in rural areas.
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
vii
Has background in rural government studies and sociology, he now expert
in sociology of government in rural community.
viii
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah. hanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willing giving
me the opportunity to complete this book entitled Sociology and Policy
Practices in Contemporary Issues. he publication of this book would
not have been possible without the guidance and knowlwdge wich I
have acquired from my honourable professors; Professor A.D Saefullah University of Padjadjaran and Professor Abd. Hadi Zakaria - University of
Malaya. I would also like to dedicate this book to my beloved wife, Tuty
Tohri and our lovely children Tofan Rakhmat Zaky, Forina Lestari, Fitaha
Aini and Tamal Arief Ihsan - their support in my life.
he publication of this book would not be possible without the assistance
and cooperation that we have received over the years from the many
individuals and organization in various parts of the world. In particular, we
wish to thank our team, all authors - Department of Sociology Padjadjaran
University and Universiti Sains Malaysia. Specially thanks especially to Ali
Maksum for his excellent assistance during the editorial process of this
book. Dr. Arry Bainus the Dean of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,
Padjadjaran University.All of my Masters-PhD students and colleagues at
Padjadjaran University as well as USM whom I would like to thanked for
providing continuous support towards my success.
Wassalam.
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
ix
x
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
FOREWORD
Dr. Arry Bainus, MA
Dean, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
Padjadjaran University
I would like to express my sincere wishes to Muhamad Fadhil
Nurdin, PhD as Head Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and
Political Sciences Padjadjaran University for his great dedication and
success in completing this book titled “Sociology and Policy Practices
in Contemporary Issues”. his is a very interesting and important book
which I personally feel able to impart more knowledge to the many
academics, not only from sociology and political ields, but also from other
ields as well. he various issues addressed in this book are in fact very
much current issues that is happening around the globe, which need to be
understand and scrutinize for better intervention.
I am really honoured to be given the opportunity to give a foreword
to this special book. It is hoped that this book able to generate more
discussions and awareness on quest for searching for the more relevant
solutions to all social, political and economic issues occurring around us
today.
I would like to congratulate all chapter contributors for sharing their
ideas and knowledge, which I am sure able to set platform for more writers
to venture into the highlighted issues. I sincerely hope that more of this
book kind will be published in the near future.
hank you.
Wassalam.
Bandung, 2015
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Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
INTRODUCTION
In the Name of God, the Most Gracioeus, the Most Merciful
his book provides a thematic issues and challenges in the new era,
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues. he main
objective is to present an integrated analysis of how the discipline of
sociology can contribute to our wider understanding of the variety of
social and political issues, practices and insttitutions approachs, policies
and philosophy wich exist in our society and countries. his explanatory
chapters expected to examine and understand as well as ofer choices for
human beings in the dinamics world to build a human harmony.
his book depart from the point of view that sociology is as applied
social and political sciences can contribute to the development of human
life through many perspectives; political and international strategy,
culture, history, communi-cation, poverty and social probles. he various
theme have been selected are discussed from social fenomena to policy
directions.
In the irst chapter, focus on the Information Technology (IT)
developments that more increasingly integrated in almost every social aspect
have shaped Indonesia’s contemporary democracy. Chapter two, ASEAN
Community 2015 and discusses the dilemma of Indonesian workers
especially those who categorized as illegal in Malaysia. Both countries have
recognized their positive contribution whether for Malaysia or Indonesia.
It was undeniable that all sectors in Malaysia especially construction and
plantation were using Indonesian workers services. At the same time,
Indonesia also indirectly obtained advantages through the remittance
which totally contribute to the national economic development. However,
what happened in Malaysia is illegal workers were arrested and treat as a
criminal. It should be stopped and substituted by the constructive policies
which could give beneits to the both countries. Indonesia and Malaysia
Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
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and the countries in ASEAN should build strong partnership in all sectors
especially migrant workers which seen obtain small attention. Facing the
ASEAN Community 2015 both countries should prepare as maximize as
possible by empowering all aspects including migrant workers. By take
positive action towards migrant workers both countries indirectly has
contribute to the development of “Ummah.”
In the thrird chapter discusses communication strategy through media
education: an efort to achieve harmony and sustainability in IndonesiaMalaysia relations - concludes a guidance should be provided to the public
so that they can be more critical and wise in dealing with any negative
news. A critical community is a community who is able to diferentiate the
written and hidden message of writing. A wise community is the one who is
not provoked by provocative and negative news. Indonesian and Malaysian
should be aware that each of them has had a signiicant contribution one
to another. A good example can be seen through the assistant of Malaysian
people in the disaster recovery process in Indonesia and the existence
of Indonesia migrant workers in the Malaysia’s economic development.
However, Indonesia-Malaysia rela-tions is always changing and tend
to lead to conlict situations. he role of media and media educationis
importantas a communication strategy to implement the problem solving
modelin understanding the global situation and the public policies who
are based theory of cultural conlict and acculturation. Chapter fourth,
the author emphasized Indonesian Culture Heritages in the 21St Century.
his section concludes that hird World back to dig the philosophical values
that are in each country. For instance, the basic values of the Indonesian nation is
relected in the ive principles of Pancasila namely the divinity in God Almighty,
humanity, unity and nationality, deliberation and social justice for all people.
he problem is how to translate basic values into the concept of development
and preserve cultural heritage. Apparently, the third world thinkers have to work
harder to formulate a philosophical values - ideological cultural heritage as part of
the great nations of the world.herefore, the cultural heritages is an essential
economic asset in facing the escalation of human development.
In the chapter ifth takes up the theme of crafting federal democratic
Republic of Nepal: role of Nepalese political and welfare institutions.
Nepal is one of the least developed, post conlict recovery countries going
through a series of transitions and eforts of nation building. his chapter
concludes that the citizen mobilisation that took place over a period of time
due to the experiments with democracy building in Nepal in the past sixty
years should be sustained, to further ensure the vibrancy and consolidation
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Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
of democracy, resulting in crafting a uniied republic out of a multi ethnic
Nepal. Chapter six explores the broadcast media industry and the role model
or best practice in the broadcast media industry. his concept is suitable
due to it contains freedom which is up-to-date without abandoning the
values of religion, culture and national spirit. Overall, Indonesia requires
an (endogenous) big push to strengthen and institutionalize the use of
research product for design and implementation of public policies. his
will be a crucial factor in determining the success of the welfare policies
that the government is currently designing.
In the chapter seven related with poverty phenomena. However,
these historical problems did not result in serious poverty under the well
planned economic system. he number of poor people inherited from
the previous period was also relatively small. In addition, the struggle of
urban poor communities in Malaysia for housing and land rights is closely
related to the development and history of the country. After the British
colonial period, Malaysia’s priority was to develop its economy by focusing
on the manufacturing and export industry in urban areas. his resulted
when people from rural areas migrating from village to the city, in search
of opportunities and to ill the workforce demand. Most of the urban
migrants would build their own house near the manufacturing factories,
because the surrounding lands were unoccupied and unused. With hard
work and their own resources they would clean the area (wilderness) and
build houses; this would encourage the development in the area and hence
they are known as urban pioneers.
In chapter eigth focus on human traicking, issues and Challenges.
Human trafcking has become global issue and problem. he researchers
concluded that the relevant region is suspect as illegal and such region
is indicated as human traicking (if the elements of coercion and sexual
exploitation are met). he challenges of the government has the right and
responsibility to provide all the protections to its citizen inside as well as
outside the country. here is still optimistic that emphasizing spiritual values
in the public administration and services will enhance the performance
of the government. Finally, the latest chapter nine concern onyouth and
crime as social problem. However, the Malaysia’s social policies makers
can make this recommendation as a guide in outlining or implement a
rehabilitation program for youths involved in crime. At the same time
and hopefully this research will also beneit the school management and
Penang Welfare Department in using this research to improve existing
rehabilitation programs in these institutions. In addition, through this
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research, it is expected that the people of Malaysia be aware especially in
spending the time with their children or less able to prevent their children’s
involvement in crime. Finally, researchers expect this research can provide
as important reference material for dealing with negative behavior such as
criminal involvement among adolescents in Malaysia.
his book examines the social and political fenomena in the broader
“Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues” perspective. It
is compiled from travelers and knowledge experiences in international
seminars, talks and forum of researchers, supervisions and other discussion
with my professors and colleagues, PhD and Master students. hat
experiences, together with their personal values and interests extremely
inluence to all authors in this book. Personally, I hope that those who
engage and read this book will obtain fruitful knowledge. All errors are the
author’s responsibility.
Wassalam.
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin
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Sociology and Policy Practices in Contemporary Issues
Chapter
1
Globalizing Information Technology:
Issues and Challenges in Contemporary Indonesia’s
Democracy
Muhamad Fadhil Nurdin, Ari Ganjar Herdiansah and Wahyu Gunawan
READERS GUIDE
his chapter focus on the Information
Technology (IT) developments that more
increasingly integrated in almost every
social aspect have shaped Indonesia’s
contemporary democracy. his paper
examines the role and inluence of IT,
especially the Internet and social media,
to the practices of people’s recent political
life. he issues addressed in this paper
are several events that depict the relation
of IT and political competition around
2014 presidential election. his study
reveals that IT usage has facilitated the
raising of people awareness on political
or public issues, so they can put pressures
on the government policies or strengthen
particular political views. However, the IT
Globalizing Information Technology
1