Integrated Development, Water Legislation

  M odu le 5 – ( L1 9 – L2 1 ) : “Socio- e con om ic Aspe ct s of W a t e r sh e d M a n a ge m e n t W a t e r sh e d M a n a ge m e n t ” Socia l Aspe ct s of W a t e r sh e d M a n a ge m e n t : Com m u n it y pa r t icipa t ion , Pr iva t e se ct or pa r t icipa t ion , I n st it u t ion a l issu e s, Socio- e con om y, I n t e gr a t e d de ve lopm e n t , W a t e r le gisla t ion a n d Socio- e con om y I n t e gr a t e d de ve lopm e n t W a t e r le gisla t ion a n d im ple m e n t a t ion s, Ca se st u die s I n t e gr a t e d D e ve lopm e n t , 2 1 2 1 W a t e r Le gisla t ion & W a t e r Le gisla t ion & I m ple m e n t a t ion I ssu e s 1

  L21– L21 I nt egrat ed Developm ent , Wat er Legislat ion & I m plem ent at ions I ssues L i l t i & I l t t i

  I 

Topics Cove r e d Topics Cove r e d

    I nt egrat ed wat ershed developm ent , Wat er I nt egrat ed wat ershed developm ent , Wat er

m anagem ent policy, Wat er Legislat ion, m anagem ent policy, Wat er Legislat ion, m anagem ent policy Wat er Legislat ion m anagem ent policy Wat er Legislat ion

Nat ional wat er policy, Wat ershed plans & Nat ional wat er policy, Wat ershed plans & appraisal, I m plem ent at ion issues. appraisal, I m plem ent at ion issues. i i l I l I l l i i i i

    I nt egrat ed developm ent , wat er legislat ion, I nt egrat ed developm ent , wat er legislat ion, g g p p g g Keywords: Keywords: y y wat ershed plans. wat ershed plans.

  

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

  

I n t e gr a t e d W a t e r sh e d D e ve lopm e n t

& M a n a ge m e n t ( I W RD M ) & M a n a ge m e n t ( I W RD M )

  I WRDM - effect ive m eans for conservat ion & developm ent of p land & wat er resources. I t int egrat es t he socio- cult ural, econom ic, biophysical & t echnological aspect s of developm ent .

   Maj or concern of

  I WRDM is t he im provem ent of t he

livelihoods of local com m unit ies on a sust ainable basis. I t

requires balancing econom ic needs and expect at ions wit h q g p environm ent al concerns - t o avert degradat ion of t he nat ural resource base, in part icular soil and wat er com ponent s.

  

  

I WRDM & Com m unit y part icipat ion – long t erm changes –

bet t er adopt ion

   

Sust ainabilit y, Sust ainabilit y Efficient use of local resources Efficient use of local resources, indigenous indigenous

  knowledge

  I n t e gr a t e d W a t e r sh e d D e ve lopm e n t & M a n a ge m e n t D e ve lopm e n t & M a n a ge m e n t

  I W RD M Pe ople Pa r t icipa t ion ..

  I W RD M -- Pe ople Pa r t icipa t ion ..

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

W a t e r M a n a ge m e n t Policy

   Supply side m anagem ent – includes t echnical m easures

  

Dem and side m anagem ent Dem and side m anagem ent – includes t echnical, financial includes t echnical, financial

and policy based m easures .

   Focus on policy based m easures for wat er resources m anagem ent m anagem ent

   I nt egrat ed wat er Resources Managem ent Covers everyt hing

  3

  1

  En a blin g I n st it u t ion a l En vir on m e n t Ru le s I n st r u m e n t s Or ga n iza t ion a l g

  • Policie s

  Fr a m e w or k &

  • le gisla t ion a n d
  • in ce n t ive s in st it u t ion a l

  ca pa cit y

N a t ion a l W a t e r Re sou r ce s Policie s

  

  Nat ional Wat er Resources Policy set s goals & obj ect ives for m anagem ent of wat er resources at nat ional scale for m anagem ent of wat er resources at nat ional scale

  

  I ncludes policies for: Regions; Cat chm ent s; Shared or t rans- boundary wat er resources wit hin I WRM fram e work; I nt er- basin t ransfers work; I nt er basin t ransfers

  A n a t ion a l policy m a y in clu de follow in g m a t t e r s

  Jurisdict ion and delegat ion Jurisdict ion and delegat ion

  

  The ext ent t o which wat er m anagem ent is decent ralised or consolidat ed

  

  The use of econom ic incent ives Th f i i i

  

  Capacit y building t o m eet inst it ut ional challenges

   

  Monit oring & cont rol t o reduce ecosyst em degradat ion Monit oring & cont rol t o reduce ecosyst em degradat ion

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

I n t e gr a t e d W a t e r Policy

  Maj or point s for effect ive int egrat ed policy m aking are:  

  Clarified roles & goals of governm ent and st akeholders Clarified roles & goals of governm ent and st akeholders

  

  Governm ent - as regulat or, as organiser of t he

  part icipat ory process and as a last resort adj udicat or in cases of conflict f fl

  

  I dent ificat ion of key wat er resources issues

   

  Wat er is a social and econom ic good m eans designing Wat er is a social and econom ic good m eans designing policies t o allocat e resources

  

  Make explicit in t he policy t he links bet ween land use and ot her econom ic act ivit ies h i i i i

  

  Take int o account t rade- offs bet ween short t erm cost s a d o g e and long t erm gains. ga s

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

W a t e r Righ t s

  

Righ t t o u se w a t e r

  

  Good wat er law m ust be flexible enough t o perm it Good wat er law m ust be flexible enough t o perm it reform in response t o t echnological change and socio- econom ic need

  

  The t enet s of effect ive and beneficial use are: Wat er m ust not t o be obt ained for speculat ion or

   let run t o wast e let run t o wast e The end use m ust be a socially accept able use

   Wat er is not t o be m isused Wat er is not t o be m isused

   The use m ust be reasonable as com pared wit h

   ot her uses

  

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Le gisla t ion for w a t e r qu a lit y Ch a r a ct e r ist ics

  

Measures t o prot ect t he qualit y of wat er resources m ust

encoded legislat ion - g p prevent ive or correct ive

   Prevent ive m easures include effluent & discharge

regulat ions, t echnical st andards & requirem ent s for t reat ing

pollut ed effluent s, econom ic inst rum ent s as well as qualit y pollut ed effluent s, econom ic inst rum ent s as well as qualit y

st andards for receiving wat ers

  

Legislat ion set s out t he principles upon which pollut ion

cont rol is based cont rol is based

   Correct ive m easures include cease & desist orders,

com pensat ion for dam age & econom ic losses, & abat em ent

and rem ediat ion requirem ent s and rem ediat ion requirem ent s

  

The pollut er pays principle allocat es responsibilit y for

dam age cost s

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay Reform of exist ing legislat ion for st rong I WRM fram e work st rong I WRM fram e work  

  

Enabling inst it ut ional fram ework Enabling inst it ut ional fram ework , including t he legal including t he legal

  roles and responsibilit ies of inst it ut ions and t heir int er- relat ionship

  

Mechanism s for st akeholders t o part icipat e in wat er

  resources m anagem ent

    Conflict resolut ion Conflict resolut ion m echanism s m echanism s

   Provision of wat er for basic hum an needs , and

  st andards of service

   Tariff and wat er pricing syst em s

   for t ransfer of wat er

  Clear m echanism s right s t o m inim ise conflict s and risk of social unrest m inim ise conflict s and risk of social unrest

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

  

W a t e r sh e d M a n a ge m e n t – Gu ide lin e s

& Policie s & Policie s

  Most im port ant policies and guidelines for wat ershed

  m anagem ent include m anagem ent include

  • – Agricult ural policy; Wat er policy; Land policy
  • – Forest policy; Wat ershed m anagem ent guidelines

   Nat ional agricult ural policy provides st rong support t o

  t he wat ershed developm ent program s. I t reflect s t he observed com m it m ent of Gov. t o t ake wat ershed observed com m it m ent of Gov. t o t ake wat ershed m anagem ent program s m ore aggressively, including provision of necessary financial & inst it ut ional support .

   Land policy Land policy prot ect s t he int erest of sm all and m arginal prot ect s t he int erest of sm all and m arginal

  farm ers

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

W M - Gu ide lin e s & Policie s

   Wat er policy ident ifies wat er m anagem ent as one of t he

m ost crucial elem ent s in developm ent planning of count ry.

    Wat er policy Wat er policy st at es t hat t he wat ershed m anagem ent st at es t hat t he wat ershed m anagem ent t hrough soil erosion, cat chm ent area t reat m ent , preservat ion of forest s and increasing forest cover & const ruct ion of check dam s should be prom ot ed. const ruct ion of check dam s should be prom ot ed.

  

Environm ent al laws oft en dict at e t he planning and act ions

t hat agencies t ake t o m anage wat ersheds.

    Som e laws require Som e laws require t hat planning be done, ot hers can be t hat planning be done ot hers can be used t o m ake a plan legally enforceable & ot hers set out t he ground rules for what can & cannot be done in developm ent & planning. & planning

  

Most countries & states have their own laws regarding watershed

management.

  

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Fin a n cin g & I n ve st m e n t Policie s

   Gov. have a responsibilit y for invest m ent policies t hat affect t he wat er sect or.

    Macroeconom ic policies Macroeconom ic policies : Trade policies affect t he pace and : Trade policies affect t he pace and t ype of developm ent in t he wat er sect or

   Tax incent ives m ight result in t he growt h of wat er- int ensive indust ries indust ries

   Public invest m ent : I nvest m ent in m any sect ors m ay affect dem and for wat er, such as housing, new t own & indust ry developm ent , developm ent t ransport , t ransport power power & & energy, energy agricult ure agricult ure & & t ourism

   Public & privat e invest m ent in t he w at er sect or it self: Wat er sect or sect or needs needs pot ent ially pot ent ially very very large large financial financial needs needs for for irrigat ion, w at er supply, wast e wat er t reat m ent , flood and environm ent al prot ect ion

  

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Or ga n iz a t ion a l Fr a m e w or k Role s a n d r e spon sibilit ie s

  

  

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

  Pollut ion cont rol and wat er qualit y m anagem ent

  

  Conservat ion and prot ect ion

  

  Wat er t reat m ent and reuse Conservat ion and prot ect ion

  

  Flood cont rol and risk m it igat ion

  

  Policy form ulat ion Educat ion and prom ot ion

  

  Surveillance and m onit oring

  

  Regulat ion, cont rol and enforcem ent Regulat ion, cont rol and enforcem ent

  

  Net working and inform at ion exchange

  

  Educat ion and prom ot ion

  

  Allocat ion and supply of wat er

  Political Political System

Water Law

Water

  Policy Legal System Water Population Water Administration Economic Economic nt Developme nt Resources / Environment Water Resources Performance

  Wat er Policy & Legislat ion ; Source: Salet h 2004, I nt ernat ional

W a t e r Le gisla t ion s in I n dia

   Wat er in I ndian const it ut ion

  • – “ Wat er” in ent ry 56 of union list and ent ry 17 of Wat er in ent ry 56 of union list and ent ry 17 of st at e list .
  • – Art icle 246 & Art 262, em powers parliam ent t o m ake law regarding developm ent and m anagem ent m ake law regarding developm ent and m anagem ent of int er- st at e rivers.
  • – “ Art 262, specifies t hat parliam ent m ay by law provide t hat neit her t he suprem e court or any provide t hat neit her t he suprem e court or any ot her court shall exercise j urisdict ion wit h respect of int er- st at e river disput es . ……int erpret at ion

   Tribunals set up under int er- st at e River Disput e Act Tribunals set up under int er st at e River Disput e Act

  • 1956, t hough can announce award , but it can not be 1) liable t o follow for part ies , 2) can not be adj udicat ed t o any court adj udicat ed t o any court

  www.wrm in.nic.in

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

  W a t e r Le gisla t ion s in I n dia Surface wat er and groundwat er is not defined separat ely Surface wat er and groundwat er is not defined separat ely

“ wat er ” in const it ut ion m ost ly defined as surface wat er ( I yer R, 2003)

N a t ion a l W a t e r Policy

   First adopt ed in 1987 and form ulat ed in 2002

   I t advocat es wat er resources of t he count ry should

be brought wit hin t he cat egory of ut ilizable be brought wit hin t he cat egory of ut ilizable

resources t o t he m axim um possible ext ent

  

Salient feat ures

  • – Policy prom ot es use of non- convent ional m et hods such as t radit ional wat er harvest ing, rooft op rainwat er harvest ing rainwat er harvest ing
  • – Wat er t ransfer t o wat er scarce region
  • – People’s part icipat ion p p p
  • – Public Privat e Part nership
  • – Wat er Resources planning at hydrologic unit not on polit ical nit polit ical unit

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

N a t ion a l W a t e r Policy

  

  Direct ed st at e t o devise it s own wat er policy – in pract ice very few st at e has prepared it so far.

  All t i i it ( t i l l l diff t t t l l)

  

  Allocat ion priorit y ( nat ional level, - differ at st at e level)

  1.Drinking Wat er

  2.I rrigat ion Hydropower

  2.I rrigat ion Hydropower

  3.Ecology

  4.Agro- indust ries

  5.Non- agricult ural indust ries

  6.Navigat ion Sam e for all st at e except Maharasht ra where wat er

  

  Sam e for all st at e, except Maharasht ra where wat er for indust rial use is t op priorit y t han irrigat ion

  i i i Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay www.wrm in.nic.in

N a t ion a l W a t e r Policy

  

I t em phasizes on-

  1 Need for efficient pricing syst em and t ransparent subsidy st ruct ure for disadvant aged and poor

  1. Need for efficient pricing syst em and t ransparent

  2. Transfer t he wat er m anagem ent t o user groups and local bodies

  3. Privat e sect or part icipat ion in wat er sect or

  4 Undert aking phased program m e for im provem ent of wat er qualit y based on ‘ pollut er pay principle’

  4. Undert aking phased program m e for im provem ent

  5. Need based econom ic act ivit ies on t he wat er zoning of t he count ry

  6. Priorit izing t he need of drought prone areas

  www.wrm in.nic.in Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

W a t e r sh e d Pla n s & Appr a isa l

   Wat ershed plan – Out line

  • – Wat ershed m anagem ent goals – e.g. wat er use

    St eps: St eps:

  

  1. Develop a wat er use invent ory – Gat her inform at ion, survey, wat er balance.

  

  2. Set t ing goals & priorit ies

  

  3. I dent ify wat er m anagem ent opt ions – econom ic analysis

  

  4 D fi l f t i

  4. Define a plan of act ion

  

  5. I m plem ent wat er m anagem ent plan – im plem ent at ion & m onit oring g

   I m plem ent at ion Schedules & Budget s: Schedule; Budget ,

  St affing, m onit oring plan,

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

W a t e r sh e d Pla n I m ple m e n t a t ion

  

Classifying crit ical wat ersheds t o est ablish priorit ies for

conservat ion and m anagem ent st rat egies.

  

I dent ifying crit ical t hreat s I d t if i it i l t h t , such as surface & groundwat er h f & d t

  pollut ion, t o a wat ershed's int egrit y in order t o prot ect it s resources and value t o societ y.

   Making wat ershed m anagem ent recom m endat ions t o

  ensure sust ainable, clean wat er flow & m aint enance of aquat ic resources. aquat ic resources.

   I dent ifying syst em - wide cont rolling processes &

  m echanism s t o dist inguish environm ent al indicat ors for ecosyst em healt h evaluat ion. ecosyst em healt h evaluat ion

   Recom m ending land- use im pact m it igat ion , habit at

  rest orat ion program s, & ot her rem ediat ion t echniques in p g q wat ershed disput es.

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

I m ple m e n t a t ion I ssu e s

   Analyzing socio- econom ic value of wat ersheds & t heir environm ent al services for policy developm ent & m anagem ent planning.

   Ensuring t echnical assist ance in t he design and inst allat ion of m anagem ent m easures

  

Providing t raining and follow up support t o landowners and Providing t raining and follow- up support t o landowners and

ot her responsible part ies in operat ion & m aint enance.

   Managing t he funding m echanism s and t racking expendit ures for each act ion and for t he proj ect as a whole for each act ion and for t he proj ect as a whole

   Conduct ing t he land t reat m ent and wat er qualit y m onit oring act ivit ies and int erpret ing and report ing t he dat a

    Measuring progress Measuring progress against schedules and m ilest ones against schedules and m ilest ones

   Com m unicat ing st at us and result s t o st akeholders and public

  

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

I m ple m e n t a t ion Pr oble m s

   I nsufficient st aff assigned t o m onit oring

    Funds allocat ed Funds allocat ed or reserved for m onit oring have been or reserved for m onit oring have been

  divert ed and spent in ot her act ivit ies/ it em s

   Monit oring locat ions are widely dispersed and rem ot e,

  leading t o logist ical bot t le- necks l d l l b l k

   St aff is not properly t rained t o carry out t he processes

    Com m unit y looses int erest Com m unit y looses int erest in com m unit y based in com m unit y- based

  m onit oring over t he period of t im e

   Necessit y of sim ple , inexpensive m onit oring and

  evaluat ion syst em s, in line wit h t he scope and needs l i i li i h h d d of t he proj ect

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay Case St udy: Co- Managem ent of Elect ricit y & Groundwat er : Guj arat ’s Jyot irgram Yoj ana

   The policy Decision- 1980 shift of t ariff regim e p y g t o flat t ariff based on HP

   I m plicat ions h l b ll

   Very sharp increase in elect ricit y t ube wells

   Ram pant corrupt ion in t erm s of billing and m et er reading

   Flat based t ariff syst em under subsidy regim e has y y g

brought zero m arginal cost of pum ping, result ing –

  • – Excessive wit hdrawal of groundwat er by farm er
  • – Selling of wat er t o t hose who can not afford t he Selling of wat er t o t hose who can not afford t he infrast ruct ure , result ing in developm ent of inform al groundwat er m arket in st at e.

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay Shah & Varm a, 2007: www.iwm i.cgiar.org

Ca se st u dy: Sit u a t ion in Gu j a r a t

  Ret uning t o volum et ric t ariff syst em was not easy, since farm ers lobby is very st rong in st at e

   

  GEB suffered heavy loss due t o power supply t o agricult ure GEB suffered heavy loss due t o power supply t o agricult ure consum er, result ing int o gradual reduct ion in power supply.

  

  Farm ers found alt ernat ive of using capacit or t o cover single phase t o 3 phase power, get t ing 18- 20 hr of elect ricit y. h h h f l

  • – This heavy t heft of elect ricit y has led
  • – Huge financial loss t o ut ilit y Huge financial loss t o ut ilit y
  • – Excessive wit hdrawal of groundwat er- in nort h Guj arat , farm ers have gone down t o 1000 ft for drawing wat er
  • – Const ruct ion of groundwat er well was expensive – require m ore Const ruct ion of groundwat er well was expensive require m ore t han Rs 12 lakh t o drill bore well
  • – Pract ices such as cooperat ive bore well drilling , sharecropping and selling groundwat er was exercised in t he region d lli d t i d i t h i

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Ca se st u dy: Pr opose d solu t ion

  

Provide qualit y power t o t he farm ers and convert flat based

t ariff syst em int o m et ered t ariff syst em ( I t was also a condit ion negot iat ed by ADB w hile providing loan for t he condit ion negot iat ed by ADB w hile providing loan for t he unbundling pow er syst em t hrough pow er sect or reform ) - ( im plem ent at ion im possible)

  • – Providing logist ic is problem at ic Providing logist ic is problem at ic
  • – May at t ract m assive opposit ion of farm ers

  

Though m et ering process was init iat ed , but at very slower

rat e t han ADB’s expect at ion

   Th e Re su lt – ADB suspended loan inst allm ent of US$ 350 m , p

  $ , on ground of governm ent ’s failure t o m et er t ube wells  

  Tim e t o t hink for innovat ive idea Tim e t o t hink for innovat ive idea Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Jyot ir Gram Yoj ana ( JGY) proposed & I m plem ent ed I m plem ent ed

  Rural  feeder of entire state was rewired into agricultural and non‐agricultural feeder  at  cost  of Rs 1700 crores  from 2006 to 2007 (end)

  Case St udy: JGY – Sa lie n t fe a t u r e

  Separat ion of agricult ural feeder from non- agricult ural use use

  

  8- 12 hours qualit y power t o farm s

  

  24 hr non st op power t o villages for dom est ic use

  

  Gradual increase of flat based t ariff syst em t o approach average cost consum ed by t ube well approach average cost consum ed by t ube well

  

  I nt elligent scheduling and m anagem ent of ‘rat ioned’ power supply t o farm sect or – cent ral elem ent of co- m anagem ent of elect ricit y and irrigat ion m anagem ent of elect ricit y and irrigat ion

  Ref: Shah & Verm a, 2007: www.iwm i.cgiar.org Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Com pa r ison Be for e a n d a ft e r JGY

    Before Before

  Ref: Shah & Verm a, 2007: Ref: Shah & Verm a 2007: www.iwm i.cgiar.org www iwm i cgiar org Aft er Tube wells get 12- 13 hours of 3- phase power supply of variable Farm ers get 8 hours/ day of high volt age, wit h frequent t ripping, g , q pp g, at unknown t im es m ost ly during k i l d i volt age unint errupt ed power at night s fixed schedules; night in one week, day- t im e t he next

  Flat t ariff: Rs 350- 500/ hp/ year Flat t ariff Rs 850/ hp/ year

  Massive use of capacit ors t o convert 1 and 2 phase power t o run t ube wells

  Capacit ors out ; im possible Non- farm users de- elect rified Non- farm users get 24- hour non- because of capacit ors   st op single phase power

  Mot or burn out and rewinding Mot or burn- out and rewinding t he m ost im port ant part of Mot or burn out at t he m inim um m aint enance cost .

  New connect ions not available New connect ions allowed at high cost s; now rat ioned;

  I m pa ct s of JGY P l t i lt Power  supply to agriculture  fell  from 13 b units in  2000/1  to 9 b units in  2005/6 / Groundwater   draft   is  expected to expected  to   fell  by 20‐30%

Ca se St u dy Ca se St u dy: Le sson s Le a r n t e sso s e a t

  

  Policy based m easures under dem and side m anagem ent really play great er role.

  

  Groundwat er wit hdrawal could be curbed in t he deplet ed areas wit h t he help of policy based innovat ive solut ion like areas wit h t he help of policy based innovat ive solut ion like JGY

  

  Subsidy rest ruct uring is big issues, especially for st at es where groundwat er deplet ion is fast and farm power is free h d t d l t i i f t d f i f ( eg. Punj ab and Tam il Nadu)

  

  JGS significant ly reduced t he m isery of t he agrarian poor by g y y g p y adj ust ing t he schedule of power supply t o m at ch peak irrigat ion periods.

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Re fe r e n ce s Re fe r e n ce s

   J.V.S Murt hy ( 1991) , Wat ershed Managem ent , New Age int ernat ional Publicat ions •

Econom ic and Polit ical Weekly Sept em ber 16, 2000, 3435- 3444, Sust ainable

Wat ershed Managem ent I nst it ut ional Approach. V Rat na Reddy.

  S l Salet h R M, 2004, “ St rat egic Analysis for Wat er I nst it ut ions in I ndia: Applicat ion h R M 2004 “ S i A l i f W I i i i I di A li i of a new Research Paradigm ” , Research Report 79, Colom bo: Sri Lanka, I nt ernat ional Wat er Managem ent I nst it ut e.

  Shah T, 2003, “ The Groundwat er Econom y of Sout h Asia: An Assessm ent of Size, Significance, and Socio- Ecological Aspect s” , source : www.law.ku.edu/ publicat ion/ j ournal/ pdf/ v15n3/ shah2.pdf Shah T and Verm a S, 2007 “ Real Tim e Co- m anagem ent of Elect ricit y and Groundwat er: An Assessm ent of Guj arat ’s Pioneering ‘ Jyot irgram ’ Schem e” , j g y g , source: www.iwm i.cgiar.org/ Publicat ions/ Ot her/ PDF/ NRLP% 20Proceeding- 2% 20Paper% 2015.pdf

Jam es A J, 2003, “ inst it ut ional Challenges for Wat er Resources Managem ent :

I ndia and Sout h Africa , Wat er, Household and Rural Livelihood Proj ect Working I ndia and Sout h Africa” Wat er Household and Rural Livelihood Proj ect Working Paper 7 ( draft ) .

  Gupt a S.K, Deshpande R.D, May 2004, “ Wat er for I ndia in 2050: First Order

Assessm ent of Available Opt ions” , Current Sciences, Vol. 86( 9) ,pp 1216- 1224.

I yer R , Wat er- Perspect ive, I ssues and Concern, Sage Publicat ion.

  I R W t P t i I d C S P bli t i Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Tu t or ia ls - Qu e st ion !.?

  

  Crit ically st udy t he various wat er legislat ions in I ndia.? . ( Ref: www.ielrc.org ;

  www.wrm in.nic.in  

  Discuss how t he various wat er legislat ions helped t o Discuss how t he various wat er legislat ions helped t o im prove wat er m anagem ent plans in I ndia. im prove wat er m anagem ent plans in I ndia.

   

  Review t he Nat ional Wat er Policy of I ndia. Discuss Review t he Nat ional Wat er Policy of I ndia Discuss Review t he Nat ional Wat er Policy of I ndia Discuss Review t he Nat ional Wat er Policy of I ndia. Discuss t he salient feat ures?. What are t he m ain em phasizes t he salient feat ures?. What are t he m ain em phasizes of Nat ional wat er Policy. of Nat ional wat er Policy. of Nat ional wat er Policy. of Nat ional wat er Policy.

   

  How t he Nat ional Wat er Policy can be effect ively How t he Nat ional Wat er Policy can be effect ively im plem ent ed?. im plem ent ed?.

  Ref: www.wrm in.nic.in Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Se lf Eva lu a t ion - Qu e st ion s!. Q

   What is t he im port ance of I WRDM in wat ershed m anagem ent plans?. m anagem ent plans?

   Discuss salient feat ures of successful wat er m anagem ent policy. g p y

   What are t he im port ant point s t o be considered for int egrat ed wat er policy.?.

   What are t he im port ant wat ershed m anagem ent policies & guidelines?.

   

What are t he im port ant st eps t o be considered What are t he im port ant st eps t o be considered in wat ershed plans and appraisal?

  P Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay f T I Eldh D t t f Ci il E i i

  IIT B b

Assign m e n t - Qu e st ion s?. g Q

   How a t ypical I WRDM schem e can be im plem ent ed in a wat ershed?. im plem ent ed in a wat ershed?

   What are t he basic requirem ent s of Nat ional Wat er Policy?. y

   I llust rat e im port ant feat ures of good wat er legislat ion.

   Discuss t he various organizat ion fram ework for wat er legislat ion.

    What are t he im port ant wat ershed What are t he im port ant wat ershed im plem ent at ion issues?.

  

Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

Un solve d Pr oble m !. Un solve d Pr oble m !

    Develop an I WRDM schem e for your wat ershed area. Develop an I WRDM schem e for your wat ershed area.

  St udy t he various I WRDM relat ed issues in your St udy t he various I WRDM relat ed issues in your St udy t he various I WRDM relat ed issues in your St udy t he various I WRDM relat ed issues in your wat ershed area. wat ershed area.

   

  Develop appropriat e schem es for I WRDM plan in Develop appropriat e schem es for I WRDM plan in your st udy area. your st udy area your st udy area your st udy area.

    How you can im plem ent t he I WRDM plan?.. How you can im plem ent t he I WRDM plan?..   What are t he m ain im plem ent at ion issues?. What are t he m ain im plem ent at ion issues?. What are t he m ain im plem ent at ion issues?. What are t he m ain im plem ent at ion issues?.   How t o m onit or t he im plem ent ed plans?. How t o m onit or t he im plem ent ed plans?.

  Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay

  Dr. T. I. Eldho Dr. T. I. Eldho Professor, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, p p g g g g Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India, 400 076. Mumbai, India, 400 076. Email: Email: Email: Email: eldho@iitb.ac.in eldho@iitb.ac.in eldho@iitb.ac.in eldho@iitb.ac.in Phone: (022) – Phone: (022) – 25767339; Fax: 25767302 25767339; Fax: 25767302 http://www. http://www. civil.iitb.ac.in civil.iitb.ac.in